Kufambisa chiitiko chako chekutanga chepfungwa kunogona kuva yakakura, yakaoma, uye inotyisa. Inogona kunyanya kuvhiringidza kana iwe usinganyatsoziva kuti unotanga kupi kana kuti matanho api aunofanira kutora. Kungofanana nedzimwe sciences, psychology inoshandisa nzira yesayenzi uye nheyo dzisarudzo pamusoro pechipupuriro chaicho. Paunenge uchitanga kuedza, zvinokosha kutevera matanho mashanu ekutanga emuitiro wesayenzi:
- Bvunza mubvunzo unogona kuongororwa
- Gadzira chidzidzo nekuunganidza deta
- Ongorora zvigumisiro uye usvike kuguma
- Vagovera migumisiro pamwe nesangano rezvesayenzi
- Dzokorora mhinduro
Aya matanho mashanu anoshanda sehurukuro yakazara yehurongwa hwose. Ramba uchiverenga nekutsvaga chibatanisi chiri pasi kuti uwane mamwe mashoko matanho gumi aunofanira kutevera paunenge uchitora chiitiko chako chepfungwa.
1 - Tsvaga Dambudziko Rokutsvakurudza kana Mubvunzo
Kunyora dambudziko rekutsvaga kunogona kuva imwe yenhanho dzakaoma zvikuru. Mushure mezvose, pane nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzaungasarudza kuongorora. Yakagadzirirwa pfungwa? Chimbofunga zvimwe zvezvinotevera:
- Tsvaga zvinowanzotenda. Nzira dzepfungwa dzevanhu ndezvakanaka dzemibvunzo isina kupindurwa iyo inogona kushanda senheyo yekutsvakurudza kwepfungwa. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vanodavira kuti kugara mushure husiku hwose kutengesa kuongorora kukuru kunogona kukuvadza kuedza kushanda. Iwe unogona kuitisa chidzidzo chaunofanidza nayo kuedza kwevadzidzi vanoverengeka vakagara usiku hwose vachidzidza, zvichienderana nevakawanda vevadzidzi vakarara usiku hwose vasati vadzidza.
- Kudzokorora psychology mabhuku. Zvidzidzo zvakabudiswa ndezvenzvimbo huru yemibvunzo isina kufanirwa yekutsvakurudza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanyori vanozocherechedzawo kudiwa kwekutsvakurudza mberi. Tsvaka ruzivo rwakabudiswa rwaunowana rufaro, uye uuye nemimwe mibvunzo inoda kutsvakurudza mberi.
- Funga nezvezvinetso zvezuva nezuva. Pane zvakawanda zvinoshanda pakutsvakurudza kwepfungwa. Ongorora zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana izvo iwe kana vamwe zvinotarisana nazvo zuva rega rega, uye funga kuti ungatsvaga sei zvingagadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, unogona kutsvaga nzira dzakasiyana dzekuyeuka kuti uone nzira dzipi dzinoshanda.
2 - Kushandura Tsanangudzo Dzako
Zvimwe zvinhu ndezvimwe zvingaita kuti mugumisiro wekudzidza kwako uite. Izwi rinoshandiswa rinotsanangura chaizvo izvo zvinoshandiswa ndezvipi uye kuti zvakaenzaniswa sei mumamiriro ekudzidza kwako. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri kuita chidzidzo pamusoro pekubata kwekurara kwekufambisa kwekutyaira, iwe unofanirwa kujekesa zvaunoreva kuburikidza nekurara kwekurara nekuita motokari .
Mumuenzaniso uyu unogona kurondedzera kubatwa kwehope sekuwana maawa masere ekurara usiku uye kutsanangura kushanda kwekufambisa sezvinoitwa nomubatanidzwa mukuedza kwekufambisa.
Ndeipi chinangwa chekushandura zvinoshandiswa? Chinangwa chikuru ndechekutonga. Nokunzwisisa zvauri kuenzanisa, unogona kuzvidzora kuburikidza nekuchengeta nguva inoshanduka pakati pemapoka ose kana kuitonga semunhu akazvimirira oga .
3 - Ita Hypothesis
Danho rinotevera ndokukudziridza pfungwa inofungidzirwa inofanirwa kuti zvinoshandiswa sei zvinotsanangurwa zvinoshandiswa. Muchiitiko chedu mune imwe danho rekare, pfungwa yedu ingangodaro ichiti: "Vadzidzi vanenge vakarara vanoremekedzwa vachaita zvakanyanya kudarika vadzidzi vasina kurara vanoregererwa pakuedzwa kwekutyaira kwekuita."
Kuti uone kana zvikamu zvekudzidza zvakakosha, zvinokosha kuti uve nechinangwa chisina kunaka. Izvo zvisingaoneki ndeyekufanotaura kwekuti imwe shanduko haizove neshamwari kune imwe yakasiyana. Mune mamwe mazwi, null hypothesis inotora kuti hapazovi nekusiyana mumigumisiro yemishonga mbiri muzvikwata zvedu zvekuedza nekudzivirira.
Izvo zvisina kufungidzirwa inofungidzirwa kuva yakakodzera kunze kwekupesana nemigumisiro. Vaya vanoedza vanogona kuramba chisimbiso chisina kunaka mukuda kweimwe nzira yekutenda kana kusaramba iyo isina pfungwa.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kwete kuramba chisina kukanganiswa hazvirevi kuti uri kubvuma kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Kutaura kuti iwe uri kubvuma kusakanganiswa kwepfungwa ndiko kuratidza kuti chimwe chinhu chiri chechokwadi nokuti iwe hauna kuwana humwe uchapupu huripo. Izvi zvinomirira kutendeseka kwakakodzera kunofanira kudziviswa mukutsvakurudza kwesayenzi.
4 - Ita Zvekare Tsvakurudzo
Kana uchinge watanga kuongororwa kwakajeka, zvinokosha kupedza nguva yakawanda uchiita tsvakurudzo yekare. Chii chinotsvakurudzwa nevatsvakurudzo pamusoro pehurukuro yako? Mibvunzo ipi inoramba isina kupindurwa? Iwe unogona kudzidza pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kwakaitika pamusoro pehurukuro yako nekutsvaga mabhuku, zvinyorwa zvepepanhau, nhepfenyuro dzepaIndaneti, mapepanhau, uye mawebsite akazvipira munyaya yako.
Zvikonzero zvekuita tsvakurudzo yekare:
- Kuverenga tsvakurudzo yapfuura kunobatsira kuti uwane kunzwisisa zviri mberi kwezvauchasangana nenguva yako pachakuedza.
- Kunzwisisa mamiriro ehurukuro yako kunopa chikonzero chiri nani chekufunga kwako. Mushure mokunge makanyatsoongorora mabhuku, mungasarudza kuchinja maonero enyu.
- Tsvakurudzo yepamusoro inokubvumirawo kuti utsanangure kuti sei wakasarudza kuongorora imwe pfungwa yako uye kutaura kuti nei nyaya yacho inobatsira kutsvaga kutsvaga.
Sezvaunotsvaga nhoroondo yehurukuro yako, yeuka kutora zvinyorwa zvakanyatsogadzirisa uye kugadzira bhaibheri rekushanda rako. Iyi ruzivo ichave yakakosha apo iwe unotanga kunyora zviwanikwa zvako zvekuedza.
5 - Sarudza Ongororo Yokugadzira
Mushure mokuita tsvakurudzo yepamusoro uye kupedzisa pfungwa yako, danho rako rinotevera ndokukudziridza chigadzirwa chekuedza. Iko kune mitatu yakakosha yemhando yezvigadziri zvaungashandisa. Chimwe nechimwe chine simba rawo uye utera.
- Pre-Testing Designs: Iri rudzi rwekuedza kwekuedza haruna kusanganisira boka rekutonga. Rimwe boka revatori vechikamu rinodzidza, uye hapana kuenzanisa pakati peboka rekurapa neboka rinodzora. Mienzaniso yekutanga kwekuongorora mazano inosanganisira zvidzidzo zvekare (rimwe boka rinopiwa kurapwa uye mhinduro inotariswa) uye zvidzidzo zvepamberi kare / kuongorora (rimwe boka rinoongororwa, rakatapwa uye rinodzorerwa).
- Quasi-Experimental Designs: Rudzi urwu rwekugadzira kuedza kunosanganisira boka rinodzora, asi rakagadzirwa haritauri randomization.
- Ichokwadi Kuongorora Mazano: Ichokwadi chekugadzira kuongorora kunosanganisira zvose zviripo izvo maitiro ekutanga ekuongorora uye zvinyorwa-zvidzidzo zvisingakwanisi-maboka ekudzivirira uye basa risati raitwa kumapoka.
6 - Simbisa nzira dzako
Kuti usvike pazvikonzero zvakarurama, zvinokosha kuti uenzanise maapuro nemaapuro. Mumwe nemumwe muboka rimwe nerimwe anofanira kugamuchira kurapa kwakadaro pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Somuenzaniso, mukufungidzira kwedu pamusoro pemigumisiro yokurara kwekurara pakutevedza kwekuita, kuedzwa kwekufambisa kunofanirwa kutarisirwa kune umwe neumwe mubatanidzwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Nzira yekufambisa inofanira kunge yakafanana, zvipingamupinyi zvinotarisana zvinofanira kunge zvakafanana, uye nguva inopiwa inofanira kunge yakafanana.
7 - Sarudza Vadzidzi Vako
Mukuwedzera pakuva nechokwadi chokuti mamiriro ekuedzwa ari akaenzana, zvinokoshawo kuti uone kuti dziva rako revatori vechikamu rakafanana. Kana vanhu vari muboka rako rekudzora (avo vasina kurara vanoregererwa) zvose zvinoitika kuva vateereri vemakumbo emotokari dzemotokari apo boka rako rekuongorora (avo vari kurara rakadzingwa) vanhu vose vachangobva kuwana mabhizimisi avo, ikokuedza kwako kuchashayikwa kwemaitiro .
Pakusarudza zvidzidzo, kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzaungashandisa. Muenzaniso unongoratidzika unosanganisira nekusarudzwa kusarudza nhamba yevatori vechikamu kubva muboka. Ichitsvaga chinyorwa chisinganzwisisi chinoda kusarudzwa nekusarudza vatori vechikamu kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sedzvimbo, nzvimbo, zvepabonde, dzinza, kana hupfumi hwehupfumi.
8 - Ita miedzo uye kuunganidza Data
Mushure mokunge masarudza vatori vechikamu, matanho anotevera ndeekutungamirira miedzo yenyu uye kuunganidza data. Usati waita chero upi zvaunoedza, zvakadaro, kune zvimwe zvishomanana zvinokosha zvinoda kutariswa. Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti maitiro ako ekuedza ari maitiro. Kazhinji, iwe uchada kuwana mvumo yekuitisa chero rudzi rwekuongorora nevatori vechikamu kuburikidza nekuendesa tsanangudzo dzekuedza kwako kuchikoro cheSchool Institutional Review Board , dzimwe nguva chinonzi 'Human Subjects Committee.'
Mushure mokunge mawana chibvumirano kubva kuRBB yeunharaunda yako, iwe uchada kuudza mafomu ekubvumirana ane ruzivo kune umwe neumwe wevadzidzi vako. Iyi fomu inopa ruzivo pamusoro pekudzidza, iyo data ichaunganidzwa, uye kuti migumisiro ichashandiswa sei. Iyo fomu inopawo vatori vechikamu sarudzo yekurega kubva pachidzidzo pane chero nguva panguva.
Kana imwe danho iri rapedzwa, unogona kutanga kutungamirira nzira dzako dzekuedza uye kuunganidza data.
9 - Ongorora zvabuda
Mushure mekutora deta yako, inguva yekuongorora mhinduro dzekuedza kwako. Vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa zvidzidzo kuti vaone kana zvikamu zvekudzidza zvichitsigira chikonzero chepakutanga uye kuziva kana mhinduro yacho inowanikwa. Nhamba inotsanangurwa inoreva kuti migumisiro yekudzidza haifaniri kunge yakangoerekana yangoitika.
Mhando dzezviverengero nzira dzaunoshandisa kuongorora deta yako dzinonyanya kunyanya nezvemarudzi e data yawakaunganidza. Kana uri kushandisa shanduro dzisina kuwanda dzehuwandu hwevanhu, iwe uchada kushandisa zvisingagoni kuverengwa. Nzira idzi dzinoverengeka dzinoita zvinyorwa pamusoro pekuti migumisiro yacho inobatana sei nehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda. Nokuti uri kuita zvinyorwa zvichienderana nesarudzo, inofanirwa kufungidzirwa kuti pachava neimwe mararamiro ekukanganisa.
10 - Nyora uye Ugovera Zvaunowana
Basa rako rekupedzisira mukuitisa chiongorori chepfungwa ndechekutaurira zvawanikwa. Nokugoverana kwako kuedza nesangano rezvesayenzi, iwe uri kupa chikamu kune ruzivo rwezvidzidzo pachidzidzo ichocho. Imwe yenzira dzakawanda dzekugovana mitsva yekutsvakurudza ndeyekubudisa shanduro iyi mune imwe nyanzvi yekuongorora inyanzvi. Mimwe nzira inosanganisira kugovera migumisiro pamisangano, muzvitsauko zvebhuku, kana muhurukuro dzezvidzidzo.
Mukati mako, zvichida kuti murayiridzi wenyu wekirasi angatarisira kunyorwa kwekunyora-up kwekuedza kwako nenzira yakafanana inodiwa mune imwe nyanzvi yebhuku rezvenhau kana repoti yebazi :
- Tsamba Peji
- Abstract
- Nhanganyaya
- Method
- Mhinduro
- Kukurukurirana
- References
- Tables nemifananidzo
Shoko Rinobva
Kugadzira nekuitisa chiongorori chepfungwa kunogona kunge kuchivhundutsa, asi kuputsa chirongwa pasi-nhanho kunogona kubatsira. Hazvina mhosva kuti unoedza kuitei, nguva dzose iva nechokwadi chekutarisa nemudzidzisi wako uye bhodhi rako rekuongorora rekuchikoro kwemvumo usati watanga.
> Sources:
> Martin, DW. Kuita Kuongorora kwepfungwa. Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth; 2007.
> Nestor, PG, Schutt, RK. Nzira Dzokutsvakurudza muPychology. Boston: SAGE; 2015.