Mary Ainsworth (December 1, 1913 - March 21, 1999) akanga ari nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzinokurudzira zvichida inonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwekuongorora kweStange Situation uye zvipo kune nzvimbo yekubatanidza dzidziso. Ainsworth akatsanangura nezvekutsvakurudza kwaBoblby pamusoro pekubatanidza uye akagadzira nzira yekucherechedza kushamwaridzana kwemwana kumutarisiri. Kubva pakutsvakurudza kwake, akacherechedza mitatu mikuru yekubatana iyo vana vane vabereki vavo kana vanochengeta.
Muna 2002 rekudzokorora kunyoresa masayendisiti ekuremekedza zvikuru ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, Ainsworth akarongerwa sevane 97 inowanzotaurwa kunyanzvi dzepfungwa.
Mary Ainsworth Ainyatsozivikanwa Kwazvo
- Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekubatanidza nheyo
- Kuvandudzwa kwe "Simba Rakanaka"
Kurarama Kwake Kwepakutanga Kwakafuridzira Kufarira Kwake Pfungwa
Mary Ainsworth akazvarwa muGendendale Ohio. Paakanga ava nemakore gumi nemashanu, akaverenga bhuku raWilliam McDougall rinonzi Character uye Mufambiro weHupenyu , izvo zvakafuridzira kufarira kwake kwese mupfungwa. Akaenderera mberi kupinda kuYunivhesiti yeToronto muhurongwa hwekukudza kwepfungwa. Mushure mokunge awana BA yake muna 1935, MA yake muna 1936 uye PhD yake muna 1939, akapedza makore akawanda achidzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeToronto asati asangana neCanada Women's Army Corp muna 1942.
Muna 1950, akaroora Leonard Ainsworth uye akatamira kuLondon. Pashure pokudzoka kuUnited States, Ainsworth akatora nzvimbo paJohn Hopkins University.
Akarambana muna 1960 uye akawana chirwere chakakonzera kufarira kwake mupfungwa yepfungwa . Akatanga kudzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeVirginia uye akagara pachikoro chekusara kwebasa rake.
Basa Rake uye Tsvakurudzo paIndaneti
Munguva yake nguva muEngland, Ainsworth akashanda kuTavistock Clinic nechepfungwa dzepfungwa John Bowlby , kwaakatsvakurudza mazita ekubatanidza vana amai.
Mushure mekubva panzvimbo iyi, akapedza nguva achiita tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekubatana kwevana nevana muUganda.
Pashure pokudzoka kuUnited States kudzidzisa paJohn Hopkins, akatanga kushanda pakugadzira kuongororwa kuenzanisa kusungirirwa pakati pevana nevana. Yaiva pano iyo yakagadzira mukurumbira wake wakakurumbira "Mamiriro ezvinhu", umo muongorori anoona maitiro omwana apo amai vanosiya muchidimbu mwana wavo oga muimba isingazivikanwi. Nzira iyo mwana anoita nayo panguva yekuparadzanisa uye kana kudzoka kwamai kunogona kuratidza ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekubatanidza.
Kubva pane zvaakaona uye kutsvakurudza, Ainsworth akagumisa kuti paiva nemitambo mikuru miviri yekubatanidza: kuchengeteka, kuzvidya mwoyo-kudzivisa, uye kusazvidya mwoyo. Sezvo izvi zvakatanga kuwanikwa, basa rake raita kuti zvidzidzo zvisingaverengeki muhutano hwekubatanidza uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubatana zviripo pakati pevana nevatarisi.
Her Major Contributions to Psychology
Basa raMaria Ainsworth rokutsvaga nezvekubatanidza rakaita basa rinokosha pakunzwisisa kwedu nekukura kwevana. Kunyange zvazvo basa rake risati risina kukakavadzana naro, iyo yakakosheswa maitiro ekutanga mafambiro ekubatsirana pakuita mufambiro, zvinyorwa zvake zvakafuridzira muviri wakawanda wekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekubatana kwevana vaduku.
> Sources:
> Main, M. Mary D. Salter Ainsworth: Mutero uye mufananidzo. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 1999; 19 (5): 682-736. doi: 10.1080 / 07351699909534273
> O'Connell, AN, & Rusoo, NF. Mienzaniso yekubudirira: Kufungidzira kwevakadzi vakakurumbira mune zvepfungwa. New York: Columbia University Press; 1983.