Albert Bandura ndiye anonyanya kugadzikana mune zvemagariro ezvemagariro evanhu uyo angangodaro anonyanya kuzivikanwa nehutano hwake hwemagariro evanhu, pfungwa yekuzvidzivirira, uye mukurumbira wake unozivikanwa weBobo doll. Iye ndiye Purofesa Emeritus kuYunivesiti yeStanford uye anowanzoonekwa somumwe wevanorarama zvikuru vepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Imwe tsvakurudzo ye2002 yakaratidza iye semudzimai wechina mupfungwa wechina wepakati pemakore makumi maviri, shure kweBF chete
Skinner, Sigmund Freud, naJean Piaget.
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Albert Bandura akaberekwa musi waDecember 4, 1925 mune rimwe guta reCanada riri kure nemakiromita makumi mashanu kubva kuEdmonton. Vokupedzisira vevana vatanhatu, dzidzo yeBandura yekutanga yakanga ine chikoro chiduku cheine vadzidzisi vaviri chete. Maererano neBandura, nekuda kwekukwanisa kusvika kune zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, "Vadzidzi vaifanira kutora dzidzo yavo pachavo."
Akaziva kuti kunyange zvazvo "zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinoparara ... zvishandiso zvekuzvidavirira zvinoshumira imwe chete kupfuura kwenguva." Izvi zviitiko zvekare zvinogona kunge zvave zvakakonzera kuti mushure mekusimbisa kukoshesa kukosha kwesangano rega.
Bandura munguva pfupi yakashamiswa nekufunga kwepfungwa pashure pekunyora kuYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia. Akanga atanga semasayenzi ezvinyorwa zvehupenyu uye kufarira kwake mune zvepfungwa kwakagadzirwa zvakajeka.
Paakanga achishanda usiku uye achienda kuchikoro neboka revadzidzi, akazviwana achiuya kuchikoro zvisati zvaitika mapoka ake akatanga. Kuti apfuure nguva, akatanga kutora "makirasi ekuzadza" panguva iyi mangwanani emangwanani, izvo zvakamuita kuti pakupedzisira agumburwe pane zvepfungwa.
Bandura akatsanangura, "Rimwe mangwanani, ndakanga ndichipedza nguva muraibhurari.
Mumwe munhu akanga akanganwa kudzoka katekodhi yemakadhi uye ini ndakagumburamo ndichiedza kutsvaga kosi yezadza kuti igare panguva yekutanga. Ndakacherechedza imwe nzira mune zvepfungwa iyo yaizoshanda sezadza rakakwana. Yakaita kuti ndifarire uye ndakawana basa rangu. "
Akawana dhigirii yake kubva kuYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia muna 1949 mushure memakore masere okudzidza ndokubva apfuurira kupedza chikoro kuYunivhesiti yeIowa. Chikoro chakanga chiri musha kuna Clark Hull nevamwe vezvepfungwa dzepfungwa, kusanganisira Kenneth Spence naKurt Lewin . Kunyange zvazvo purogiramu yacho yaifarira chidzidzo chekugara kwevanhu, Bandura akafunga kuti yakanyanya kunyanya kutsanangurwa kwehutungamiri.
Bandura akawana MA yechikoro chake muna 1951 uye PhD yake mune zvekurapwa kwepfungwa muna 1952.
Basa uye Mafungiro
Mushure mokunge awana Ph.D., akapiwa nzvimbo kuStanford University. Bandura akagamuchira chipo (kunyange zvazvo zvaireva kutsauka pane imwe nzvimbo yaakanga agamuchira kare). Akatanga kushanda kuStanford muna 1953 uye akaramba achishanda ku yunivhesiti kusvikira nhasi. Yaiva panguva dzekudzidza kwake pamusoro pechisimba chekuyaruka kuti Bandura yakawedzerwa kufarira mukudzidzira kudzidza, kutevedzera, nekutevedzera.
Nhoroondo yaAlexander Bandura yedzidzo yehupfumi yakasimbisa kukosha kwekucherechedza kudzidza, kutevedzera, nekuenzanisa.
"Kudzidza kwaizova kwakanyanya kuoma, kusataura nezvengozi, kana vanhu vaifanira kuvimba chete nemigumisiro yezviito zvavo kuti vazive zvavanofanira kuita," Bandura akatsanangura mubhuku rake ra1976 pamusoro pehurukuro. Dzidziso yake yakabatanidza kushamwaridzana kwakapfurikidza pakati pemitemo, magumo, uye zvakatipoteredza.
Chiedza chake chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chaive chidzidzo cheBobo doll muna 1961. Muchiedza, akaita firimu umo mufananidzo wevanhu vakuru wakaratidzwa achirova bhobho raBhobo uye achidanidzira mazwi ane utsinye. Iyi firimu yakabva yaratidzwa neboka revana. Mushure mekunge, vana vakabvumirwa kutamba mune imwe imba yaibata chido cheBhobo.
Vaya vakange vamboona firimu nemuenzaniso wechisimba vainyanya kurova chido, vachitevedzera zviito nemashoko evanhu vakuru mumufananidzo wefirimu.
Chidzidzo chacho chaive chakakosha nekuti chakabva mukusimudzira kwekuita zvekuti tsika dzese dzinotungamirirwa nekusimbiswa kana mubairo. Vana havana kugamuchira kukurudzirwa kana kuti kukurudzira kupwanya chido; ivo vaingova kutevedzera tsika dzavakanga vaona. Bandura yakataura izvi chiitiko chekucherechedza kudzidza uye yakaratidza zvikamu zvekudzidza kwakanaka kwekucherechedza sekucherechedza, kuchengetedza, kuratidzira uye kugutsikana.
Basa raBambuura rinosimbisa kukosha kwehupenyu hwevanhu, asiwo nekutenda mukuzvitonga. "Vanhu vane vimbiso yakakwirira muhutano hwavo vanosangana nemabasa akaoma sematambudziko ekuti vazive pane kutyisidzirwa kudziviswa," akadaro.
Is Albert Bandura Munhu Anorarama?
Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku akawanda ekunyora kwepfungwa anopa mabhuku aBuraura pamwe neavo vanoita maitiro, Bandura pachake akacherechedza kuti "... haambokwanisi kunyatsogadzirisa tsika dzechiito."
Kunyangwe mubasa rake rokutanga, Bandura akataura kuti kuderedza hutano kune chikonzero-kupindura kwakange kuri nyore nyore. Kunyange zvazvo basa rake rakashandisa maitiro echimiro akadai se'kugadzirisa 'uye' kusimbisa, 'Bandura akatsanangura, "... ndakafunga zvinhu izvi sechishanda kuburikidza nekugadzirisa maitiro."
"Vanyori vezvinyorwa zvepfungwa vanoenderera mberi nekusavhiringidza nzira yangu sekudzika midzi muhutsika," Bandura akatsanangura, achitsanangura maonero ake se'kuziva kwevanhu. '
Selected Publications
Bandura ave ari akanyora mabhuku uye nhau dzepa journal pamakore makumi matanhatu apfuura uye ndiye anonyanya kutaurwa anotaura nezvemagariro ehupenyu.
Mamwe mabhuku aButura anonyanya kuzivikanwa uye nhau dzepajiji ave akave akadzidzira mukati mepfungwa dzepfungwa uye anoramba achiverengwa zvakanyanya nhasi. Chinyorwa chake chekutanga chebhuku rakange raive muna 1953 pepa rakanzi "'Primary' uye 'secondary' mazano" akaonekwa mu Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology .
Muna 1973, Bandura yakabudisa Kushushikana: A Social Learning Analysis , iyo yakatangira pakatanga mhirizhonga. Bhuku rake ra1976 rinonzi Social Learning Theory rakaratidza nheyo dzedzidziso yake yekuti vanhu vanodzidza sei kunyatsocherechedza uye kutevedzera.
Nyaya yake ye 1977 yakanzi "Kuzvidzivirira: Kune Izvo Unofing Theory of Behavioral Change" yakabudiswa muPychological Review uye yakataurira pfungwa yake yekuzvipira. Nyaya yacho yakavawo yakakurumbira mumapfungwa.
Contributions to Psychology
Basa raBambuura rinoonekwa sechikamu chekufungidzirwa kwepfungwa mune zvepfungwa yakatanga kuma1960. Zvinyorwa zvake zvakave zvakakonzera unhu hukuru hwepfungwa , ruzivo rwepfungwa , dzidzo, uye psychotherapy .
Muna 1974, Bandura akasarudzwa mutungamiri weAmerica Psychological Association . IAAPA yakapa mupiro wezvipo zvake zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvesayenzi muna 1980 uye zvekare muna 2004 nokuda kwezvipo zvake zvakajeka zveupenyu muupenyu hwepfungwa.
Nhasi, Bandura inowanzozivikanwa semuipi wepfungwa huru pane imwechete uye mumwe wevanyori vezvepfungwa vehutano nguva dzose. Muna 2015, Bandura yakapiwa National Medal of Science neMutungamiri Barack Obama.
> Sources:
> Bandura, A. Autobiography. MG Lindzey & WM Runyan (Eds.), A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. IX). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2006.
> Lawson, RB, Graham, JE, & Baker, KM. A History of Psychology. New York: Routledge; 2015.