Mhando dzeCherechedzo-Compulsive Disorder

Zvikamu zve OCD uye Matambudziko Akasiyana

Nzira dzekuti zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana-zvinokonzerwa nehutano (OCD) zvinowanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kuvanhu nemunhu. Iyo "Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) inopa tsanangudzo yakazara yekusagadzikana -kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kunosanganisira kuvapo kwekuvhara uye / kana kumanikidzwa kunokonzera kushushikana kukuru kana kuvhiringidzwa kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Vanachiremba nevatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti OCD inogona kugoverwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemhando yezviratidzo zvinowanikwa.

5 Symptom Subtypes ye OCD

Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvakananga zviratidzo zvichiita kunge zvisinganyatsogadzikane kwenguva yakareba, zvinokwanisika kuona ruzivo rwechimiro uye chinangwa chezviratidzo zvako. Kuwedzeresa, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwezviratidzo zvako hungave huchienderana nechimwe chimiro chinonzi subtype, zvinogona kuitika zviratidzo zvemamwe marudzi panguva imwe chete.

1. Kusaputika kwekushambadzira nekuchenesa / kuchenesa makondomu: Kana iwe unobatwa nechiratidzo ichi, iwe kazhinji unofunga nezvekunzwa kusuruvara kunosangana nekusvibiswa uye kushambidza kana kuchenesa zvakanyanya kuderedza manzwiro aya ekutambudzika. Somuenzaniso, iwe unganzwa kuti maoko ako akasvibiswa kana akasvibiswa mushure mekubata bhizinesi kana kuti kunetseka kuti iwe uchasvibisa vamwe nemishonga yako. Kuti ubvise mafungiro aya, unogona kushamba maoko ako kakawanda kwemaawa panguva.

1. Zvinokuvadza kusava nekutarisana nekuongororwa kwemakwikwi: Kana iwe uine chiratidzo ichi chikamu, iwe kazhinji uchange uine pfungwa dzakawanda dzine chokuita nekugona kunokuvadza iwe pachako kana vamwe uye shandisa tsika yekucherechedza kuti uderedze dambudziko rako. Semuenzaniso, unogona kufungidzira imba yako ichipisa ndokubva uchityaira neimba yako kuti uone kuti hapana moto. Kana, iwe unganzwa kuti nekungofunga nezvechiitiko chinokuvadza, uri kuwedzera mikana yechiitiko ichocho chiri kuitika.

1. Kucherechedza kusina mabhizimisi anooneka: Ichi chiratidzo chechimiro chinowanzobatana nezvinodiwa zvisingadikanwi zvakakomberedza zvepabonde, zvechitendero, kana kuti zvinotyisa. Somuenzaniso, iwe unogona kuve nemafungiro ekufungidzira nezvekurohwa kana kuti iwe ucharwisa mumwe munhu. Iwe unowanzoshandisa tsika dzepfungwa dzakadai sekudzokorora mazwi chaiwo, kuverenga mumusoro wako kana kunyengetera kuti udzivise kushushikana kwaunoona kana iwe une pfungwa idzi dzisingabatsiri. Zvinokonzera kukanganisa zvinowanzodzivirirwa pamatambudziko ose.
2. Symmetry obsessions nekuraira, kuronga, uye kuverenga kumanikidzwa: Paunenge uine subtype iyi, unonzwa uine chido chakasimba chekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvinhu kusvikira ivo "vakarurama." Somuenzaniso, unganzwa kudiwa kwekugara uchigadzira shati dzako kuitira kuti zviitwe zvakananga nemuvara. Ichi chiratidzo chinonzi subtype chinogonawo kusanganisira kufunga kana kutaura mitemo kana mazwi kakawanda kusvikira basa raitwa zvakakwana. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinoronga, kuronga, uye kuverenga kumanikidzwa kunoitwa kuti zvidzivirire ngozi inogona kuitika. Somuenzaniso: "Kana ndikaronga dawati rangu zvakakwana murume wangu haazofi mutsaona yemotokari." Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi nguva dzose.
3. Kuteerera: Hoarding ikozvino inozivikanwa sechinhu chakajeka kuongororwa mu DSM-5. Kuchengetedza kunosanganisira kuunganidza zvinhu izvo zvinotongwa sezvisingabatsiri kune vamwe zvakadai semagazini ekare, mbatya, maziti, mafirisi, mavara, kana zvigadziri. Kazhinji nzvimbo yako yekugara inopedzisira yakanyanyisa nemagetsi zvokuti inenge isingakwanisi kurarama. Kuzvinyima kunowanzosangana nekutya kwekuneta kwekurasa zvinhu kana zvinhu zvingada rimwe zuva uye kunyanya kushamwaridzana kwezvinhu nezvinhu. Vanhu vanogadziriswa nehutachiona hwechimiro chinonzi subtype vachasangana nekushungurudzika kwakanyanya uye kuora mwoyo kudarika vanhu vane dzimwe subtypes uye kazhinji havagoni kuchengeta basa rakasimba. Zvinonyanya kukosha, kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvinogona kuitika pasina hurumende yeOCD.

Kutarisa-Kuvharidzirwa Kwemakemikari Akabatana

I DSM-5 yaisanganisira kutsanangurwa kutsva kana kutamisa matambudziko aya kune iyi.

• Ganda rinokonzera chirwere (kukanganisa): Uku kuora mwoyo kwaionekwawo sechinhu chakajeka kuongororwa mu DSM-5. Inoramba ichinyanya kuchenesa paganda rako rinoita kuti zvipembenene, zvirwere, uye kliniki inetseke. Inowanikwa pakati pe1% uye 2 muzana yevanhu.
• Bvudzi-kudhonza chirwere (trichotillomania): Munharaunda iyi ye OCD-yakasangana, une chido chakasimba chokudhonza bvudzi kubva pamusoro wako, mashizha, eyelashes, kana kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri wako. Inowanzobatwa nehutsika-yekudzidzira kudzidzira uye kuziva-maitiro therapy.

• Mutumbi dysmorphic disorder: Iyi dambudziko "kufungisisa nezvimwe chete kana zvimwe zvakakanganisika zvikanganiso kana zvikanganiso pakuonekwa zvisingaonekwi kana kuonekwa zvishoma kune vamwe." Nzira inosanganisira kuti iwe wakagadzirisa mafambiro ekugadzirisa kana kutarisa maitiro ako kana kuti mafungiro akadai sekugara uchifananidza chitarisiko chako kune vamwe. Tsvina dysmorphia inhengo yomuviri dysmorphic disorder umo iwe unofunga kuti muviri wako wakanyanya kuduku kana kuti kwete musimba zvakakwana.
• OCD uye zvinetso zvakabatana zvinokonzerwa nechirwere / mishonga kana nekuda kweimwe mamiriro ezvehutano: Kuratidzira kune zvimwe zvinhu uye mishonga zvinogona kuita kuti kuve nekushamba kweOCD zviratidzo. Ikoko kunewo zvimwe zvehutano uye hwehutano hunogona kuenzaniswa nekuvandudzwa kwedambudziko.

Mukuwedzera, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvisinganzwisisiki kuti vanaamai vatsva vagova nemafungiro akasiyana-siyana mushure mekuuya kwemwana mutsva, nguva yekupedzisira yave yave ichizivikanwa kuva nguva yenjodzi yakawanda yekuonekwa, kuwedzera, kana kuti kudzokorora kwemazwi uye zvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo. Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza kuti nguva yekuzorora pashure inogona kuisawo njodzi yekutanga kana kuwedzera kweOCD .

OCD in Kids

Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vachifunga nezveOCD sechirwere chinokanganisa vanhu vakuru chete, zvikamu zvakafanana zvevana zvinobatwawo. Kunyange zvazvo kune huno hwakawanda pakati pevanhu vakuru-kutanga nekukura-OCD , kunewo zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-kunyanya maererano nekurapa uye maitiro ezviratidzo.

Kunyange zvazvo tichiwanzofunga nezve OCD seyo inokonzerwa nekubatana kwepfungwa, maitiro ehupenyu, uye kusawirirana kwemakemikari muuropi, kune humwe huri huri kukura hwokuti imwe nzira yehuduku yeOCD inogona kunge iine chirwere chekuzvidzivirira. Muchipatara autoimmune neuropsychiatric zvinetso zvakabatana ne streptococcal infections (PANDAS), vana vanokura maitiro eOCD kana chiito kamwe kamwe mushure mekuparara kwe strep (seyo strep throat) kana kuti scarlet fever kana kuti kuve kuwedzera kweOCD dzave dzichiripo. Zvidzidzo paNational Institute of Mental Health zvakaratidza kuti chirwere chepachirwere chinogona kuunza zvirwere zve "anti-brain" zvinoratidzira zviratidzo zvePANDAS kuvana vari pakati pemakore 3 nezera.

Kurapa kweOCD

Kusarudza kurapwa kwekodzero yeOCD kunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira:

• Chii chakashanda munguva yakapfuura
• Maitiro ako nezvemishonga
• Zvaunofunga kuti uwane maitiro ekudzivirira kupindura (ERP) kana kuti kuziva-behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Kuoma kwezviratidzo zvako
• Kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinetso zvakadai sekuora mwoyo

Kazhinji, vazhinji veOCD vanopindura kune kumwe kusanganiswa kwekuziva-maitiro ekurapa, kupindira-kudzivirira kupindura, nemishonga. Chinhu chakakosha chinogona kunge chiri chekugadzirisa, izvo zvisingaoneki zvichivandudza nemishonga asi zvinoita sokuti zvinopindira kune psychotherapy. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvingakubatsira iwe kuti ukurukure nehupfungwa yako yepfungwa kana chiremba nzira iyo ERP, CBT, uye mishonga inogona kugadziriswa kuitira huwandu hunobatsira huri maererano nezviratidzo zvako.

Shoko Rinobva

Kana iwe uine zviratidzo zveOCD kana zvinetso zvayo zvakabatana, ona mutarisiri wako wehutano sezvo pane kurapa kuripo. Iwe hausi iwe woga munhu ane rimwe rematambudziko aya. Iwe uchawana rubatsiro uye uwane rubatsiro rwaunoda kuti uzvisunungurire pachako zviratidzo izvi.

> Sources:

> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (Fifth edition) . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

> da Rocha FF, Correa H, Teixeira AL. Kucherechedza-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa nekudzivirira muviri: kuongorora. Kufambira mberi muNeuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2008 32: 1139-1146.

> Lomax CL, Oldfield VB, Salkovskis PM Muchipatara uye kurapa kuenzanisa pakati pevanhu vakuru nevanotanga-uye kucheka-kutadza kunokanganisa-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Kutsvakurudza Maitiro uye Therapy 2009: 99-104.

> PANDAS-Mibvunzo neMhinduro. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/pandas/index.shtml.

> Starcevic V, Brakoulias V. Symptom subtypes yezvinokanganisa-zvinokonzera kushungurudzika: zvakakosha here mukurapa? Journal of Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2008 42: 651-661.