Panguva Yokubheja Inotanga Kuchinja
Chii chinonzi Pathological Gambling?
Kubhejera kunokanganisa, kunziwo kubhejera kubhejera, kubvumira kubhejera, chinetso chekubhejera, kana kubhejera chirwere chinosanganisira maladaptive mararamiro ekubhejera uyo munhu anorambira nawo, pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa . Izvi zvinopesana nemafambiro emuitiro anoonekwa mune zvimwe zvinodhaka.
Kubhejera Matambudziko ikozvino ndiyo nzira yekuita zvinodhaka zvinowanikwa muDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM 5).
Pamberi pekare, Kubhejera Kwemagariro kwakarongerwa se "Impulse Control Disorder," apo "chinokosha kukosha kukonzera kushushikana, kutyaira kana muedzo wokuita chiito chinokuvadza munhu kana vamwe" (peji 609, DSM -IV, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Kubhejera Kwemagariro kunonzizve Gambling Disorder, uye kwakatamira kune imwe nhengo, Addict uye Matambudziko Akafanana muDMM 5. Sezvo dambudziko rekubhejera kwave richiwedzera kuonekwa, kurapwa kwechinetso chekubhejera kwakawira mukati mehutano hwehutano.
Hasi Yose Kubhejera Kwakakuvadza
Havasi vose vanonyadzisa kubhejera vane chirwere chepabonde, vanomanikidzira kana vane chinetso chebheja. Kune marudzi akasiyana- siyana ebhejera . Kubhejera kwepathological kunozivikanwa ne:
- Kunyanya kubhejera
- Dambudziko rokudzora kubhejera mufambiro, uye kusakundikana kuedza kumira
- Migumisiro yakaipisisa, yakadai semhuri uye kuvhiringidzika kwebasa, uye kureva nhema maererano nekubatanidzwa kwekubhejera
- Matambudziko ezvemari nekuda kwekubhejera, kubhejera nekuwedzera mari yakawanda kuti zviwane zvinofadza uye kubiba mari kubhadhara kubhejera.
- Kutsvaka kurasikirwa
Mari inonyanya kukoshesa kubhejera. Vanhu vane kubhejera kusagadzikana, sekune vamwe vanhu, vanobatanidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanakira mafungiro emari, zvakadai sesimba, nyaradzo, kuchengeteka uye rusununguko.
Kusiyana nevamwe vanhu, vanokundikana kuziva kuti kubhejera kunovaisa pangozi yekurasikirwa nezvinhu izvi zvose uye kuti kubhejera inzira inopararira, apo maitiro akaiswa pamusoro pavo, saka ivo vanowanzorasikirwa pane kukunda. Uyezve, pavanokunda, vanhu vane kubhejera vanodhakwa kunowanzoita kuti vashandise vashandi vavo nokukurumidza.
Kubhejera Behaviors
Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubhejera mafambiro, izvo zvinogona kubatanidzwa mune voga kana mumagariro evanhu. Mimwe mienzaniso yekubhejera mafambiro ndeyi:
- Makadhi emakadhi, akadai se poker
- Kuchengetedza pamitambo yeunyanzvi
- Mitambo yekutengesa
- Bingo
- Lotti
- Slot machines, VLTs
- Casinos
- Scratchcards, chengeta pachena kana kutora matheti
- Raffles
Cognitive Distortions
Kubhejera inzira isina maturo uye isina kuvimbika yekuwana mari. Kuti mumwe munhu ave akapindwa muropa nekubhejera, ruzivo rwavo kana nzira dzekufunga dzinofanira kushandiswa kusvika pane iyo iyo chokwadi chepakati chisati chavavhara.
Mitemo Gumi Yokuparara Kwepfungwa
Nhamo dzakawanda pfungwa dzebhejari dzinokanganisa nenzira dzinotevera:
Kupa - Chinetso vanobhejera vanogona kutenda kuti kupona kwavo kunoitika semugumisiro wezvavanoita uye kwete nemaitiro.
Kuita zvemashiripiti - Dambudziko vanowanzobhejera vangatenda kuti kufunga kana kutarisira mune imwe nzira kuchaunza kukunda kana kuti zviitiko zvisingagoneki zvingafanotaurwa.
Vanogonawo kutenda kuti ivo vanokosha mune imwe nzira uye kuti kukosha kwavo kuchapiwa mubayiro kubudirira.
Kutenda Mashura - Dambudziko vanowanzobhejera vangatenda kuti nhanho dzinobatsira, dzimwe nyaya dzezvokupfeka, nzira dzekugara, nezvimwe, zvinogona kukonzera kukunda kana kurasikirwa.
Zvirongwa - Dambudziko vanowanzobhejera vanogona kutenda kuti nekudzidza kana kuongorora imwe nzira (muenzaniso wokubheja mune imwe nzira), kubatsirwa kweimba kunogona kukundwa. Kunyange zvazvo vashandi vekubhejera vakanga vachikwanisa kufanotaura zvikwereti nemichina yekare, iyo yakavimbika pamaitiro akafanotaurwa emitero, izvi zvaida maawa akawanda ekucherechedza nokungwarira, uye mishonga nguva dzose yakachengetedza zvakawanda kupfuura iyo yakabhadharwa.
Kuwedzera kwekombiyuta yekubhejera mishonga kwakagadzirisa kuti mafairo ikozvino aine mahara, saka hazvibviri kufanotaura kubhadhara, uye, zvechokwadi, ichiri kunyanya kuiswa mukutarisira "imba."
Kuyeuka kusarudzwa - Dambudziko vanowanzobhejera vanowanzoyeuka zvakakunda zvavo uye vanokanganwa kana kuvhiringidza pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwavo.
Unhu hwekubhejera - Chinetso chekubhejera pane dzimwe nguva chinoratidza kuti unhu hwevanhu kune zvinhu zvisina upenyu, izvo zviri chikamu chekubhejera, kufunga kuti mumwe mudziyo uri kuranga, kupa mubayiro kana kuvaseka.
Pedyo nekutenda kutadza - Dambudziko vanowanzobheja vanoderedza nhamba yekurasikirwa nezviitiko mupfungwa dzavo nekufunga kuti "inenge" yakakunda. Izvi zvinoruramisa kuedzazve kuedza kukunda. Kusava pedyo kunogona kuva sekukurudzira, kana kunyanya kukurudzira, kudarika zvakakunda.
Kutsvaga kurasikirwa - Dambudziko vanowanzobhejera vanodavira kuti havasi ivo vakarasikirwa nemari yekubhejera, asi kuti "inogona kudzorerwa" nekubhejera zvakare.
Zvakawanda zveizvi zvinokanganisa kufungidzira zvinotungamirira kune tsika dzakanakisisa dzekuzvibata, izvo zvinowanzoita zvinodhaka.
Kukonzerana kweKubhejera Kutengesa
Kufanana nemamwe maitiro ekudhakwa , kubhejera kunokanganisa kunokakavadzana. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinovhiringidza pfungwa yokuti kubhejera kunogona kuve chidhakwa, tichitenda kuti panofanira kunge kune chinhu chinokanganisa pfungwa chinounza zviratidzo, zvakadai sekushushikana kwepanyama uye kubvisa, kuti basa rive rinodhaka.
Kubhejera, zvisinei, ndeyekunze kwakakosha kunomiririra maitiro ekutsvaga mukutsvakurudza mabhuku uye mabasa ekurapa; naizvozvo, kubhejera kwekubhejera kunonyanya kutendeseka pakati pezviito zvekutadza.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemari inowanikwa kubva kumhizha yekubhejera, iyo mibairo yakawanda kana ichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwemari inobata asi inowedzera kudarika mari yekutsvakurudza kana kurapwa kweumwe humwe hutsika hwehutano. Pasinei nokuti mari iyi inowedzera kuwedzera kwevanhu nezvekubhejera matambudziko uye mabasa ekurapwa, kukanganisa kunogona kufarira kana mari inobva kune imwe nzvimbo inoita kuti kubatsirwe kubhejera kunetseka.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders (4th Ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 1994.
American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
Davis Consulting yeBritish Columbia Problem Gambling Program. "Chinetso Chekubhejera Bhuku Rokudzidzisa: Nhare 1" Vancouver, BC. 2001.
Orford, J. "Zvipfeko Zvakawandisa: Mafungiro Epfungwa Nezvokudhakwa." (Yechipiri Gwaro). Chichester: Wiley. 2001.