Kumbira mubereki uyo anotarisa mwana wavo kudzokera munyika yevideo yemavhidhiyo kwemaawa akawanda zuva rimwe nerimwe, anorega shamwari neshamwari dzavo, uye vanorasikirwa nechido kune chero chinhu kunze kwemutambo wavo wemutambo, uye ivo vachati hongu, kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo ndeyechokwadi sechinodhaka chewaini kana cocaine . Asi vanoziva chaizvo zvavari kuongorora here? Zvechokwadi mudhakwa anozvinwa pachake kusvika pakufa, kana mushandisi wemishonga uyo anodarika, ari kurwara kupfuura mwana anogara kwenguva refu pamberi pekombiyuta?
Zvekare Kuvandudzwa
Vhidhiyo mitambo yekushungurudza haina kuiswa mumagazini yezvino yeDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-IV), kunyange zvazvo mutambo wemavhidhiyo kutamba wakanyanya kupararira kubva pakabudiswa muna 1994. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, mutambo wemavhidhiyo mishonga inodhaka yakave kukakavadzana, neAmerican Medical Association vachitsigira pakutanga, ndokubva abvisa rubatsiro kubva pane zvakagadziriswa kuti iiswe mubhuku rinotevera, DSM-V , mugore ra2012. Kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo yakagadziridzwawo kuti DSM-V se sub- mhando yekutengesa kushandiswa kweterevhizheni, pamwe nekufungisisa zvepabonde uye e-mail / kutumira mameseji.
Nyika dzeAsia, dzakadai seSouth Korea, dzinoziva kutamba kwemitambo yemavhidhiyo senhau inokurumidzira yehutano hwevanhu, pamwe nekufa kwevakawanda kwakaitika mumakamuri e-internet, zvichiita sechikonzero chekuvhara ropa kunowanikwa munguva yekugara kwenguva refu pamakombiyuta. MuUnited States, kuongororwa kwevhidhiyo mitambo yekudhakwa uye matambudziko akafanana zvakanyanya kuoma, nemakombiyuta ari kuwanika pamba pane panzvimbo dzevanhu dzinowirirana.
Kunyange zvakadaro, zvidzidzo zvekwakaitika zvinoratidza maitiro akafanana emafambiro kune dzimwe nyika, uye zvinopikiswa kuti ndizvo zvakafanana.
Kana isingabhadharwi nezvikoro zvechikoro, vana vakawanda vanoda kungofarirwa nyore nyore sezvinobvira. Uye vabereki vakawanda vanoda izvi kune vana vavowo, sezvo kuchinja kumhuri dzine mubereki mumwechete uye mhuri dzinopedza mari mbiri dzinosiya vabereki vakawanda vane nguva shoma yekufunga nezvekubatana nevana vavo.
Kupa mwana wavo mukana wekupedzisira wepikicha unoita zvinangwa zviviri: Zvinoderedza kusava nemhosva kwevabereki nezvekusashandisa nguva yakakwana nemwana, uye kunoita kuti mwana afare achigara. Nzira iyi yemararamiro inogona kukurumidza kupinda muitiro iyo inoita nguva yakareba pamberi pemitambo yemakombiyuta inobatsira munhu wose ane hanya.
Asi pane iye zvino hapana mharidzo yakajeka kana yakajeka kuvabereki pamusoro pekuti kana kombiyuta yemitambo inokanganisa ingozi chaiyo. Mitambo yemavhidhiyo inogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka, uye vateereri vemitambo vari kuita kuedza kusanganisira mararamiro ezvehutano, zvakadai sekurovedza muviri, mumitambo. Saka vabereki vanofanirwa kuziva sei kupindura?
Background
Mitambo yemavhidhiyo pachayo inenge ichangobva kuitika, uye kupararira kwevhidhiyo mamiriyoni ega uye kutamba zvakangoitika mumakore mashomanana apfuura. Zvechokwadi mitambo yemavhidhiyo yakanga isati iripo mune yavo yemazuva ano, iyo yakanyanyisa zvikuru fomu makore 15 apfuura apo DSM-IV yakabudiswa. Saka kunyange zvazvo pasina kuonekwa kwevhidhiyo mitambo inodhaka mu DSM-IV, izvo hazvisi izvo zvinoratidza kuti hazvipo ikozvino.
Iko pfungwa yemavhidhiyo mitambo yekudhakwa yakakurumidza kukura kunze kwebhizimusi yakanyatsotarisa pakuwana vana kutenga semitambo yakawanda sezvinobvira. Pakati pevhejiki neTV, mitambo yemavhidhiyo inotarirwa kune vechidiki vadiki vasingakwanisi kuzvigadzirisa pamitambo kana kuti kuita zvisarudzo zvakanaka pamusoro pokuti vangashandisa sei nguva yavo - nevamwe vatambi vemitambo kunyange vanozvirumbidza mukudanidzira kwavo pamusoro iyo "chidimbu" chiitiko chemitambo yavo.
Kuziva kwakakwana kwengozi yemitambo yevhidhiyo pamusoro-kushandiswa kana kukanganisa kunopa chikonzero chekuisa mitemo yekutungamirirwa kwevabereki nevatambi maererano nemiganhu yakakodzera kumitambo.
Vhidhiyo mitambo yekudhakwa iri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa nevatsvakurudzi nevamwe vadzidzisi. IAmerican Medical Association (AMA) yakatora basa rokutungamirira pakutsvakurudza kwakatsigira pfungwa yevhidhiyo mitambo yekutengesa muna 2007, achigumisa kuti "AMA inokurudzira zvakanyanya kufungisisa uye kuiswa kwe" internet / video game kusvuta "sechirwere chekuongorora chirwere mu kudzoka kwekuvandudzwa kweDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders-IV. "
Zvisinei, zvose AMA neAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) vakatsigira kubva panzvimbo iyi yakaoma gare gare muna 2007, vachiti kuwedzera kutsvakurudza kwaidiwa vasati vateerevhizheni varaidzo vangazivikanwe sekudhakwa. Kusunungurwa neAmerican Psychiatric Association panguva imwecheteyo yakati:
"Kubva pakudhindwa kwezvino, DSM-IV-TR haina kunyora" mhizha yemavhidhiyo kutengesa, "APA haifungi nezve" utachiona hwemitambo yemavhidhiyo "kuti ive chirwere chepfungwa panguva ino.Kana sayenzi ichibvumira, chirwere ichi chinorongwa chichava inofungidzirwa kuti iiswe mu DSM-V, iyo inofanira kubudiswa muna 2012. Kudzokorora DSM kunoda nguva yakareba, kushanda kwakasimba - imwe yakajeka uye yakazarurirwa kune mazano kubva kune vamwe vedu munharaunda dzehutano uye hwehutano hwepfungwa pamwe nevanhu. Zvose zvinoshandiswa kuDSM zvichange zvichishandiswa pane zvidzidzo zvekare uye zvakanakisisa. "
Case For
Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzekutsvakurudza dzakaitwa dzichiratidza mavhidhiyo emitambo yekudhakwa ndeyechokwadi munharaunda ye10% yevaderas vanosangana nemikirwo yemavhidhiyo mhando yekudhakwa. Grüsser et al (2007) vakaona kuti vashandi vemagariro vakasiyana kubva kumitambo yakatarwa maererano nezuva rega rega vaipedza kutamba, uye vakanga vakanyanya "kutarisira kunotarisirwa kwezviratidzo zvekudzoka pakutsvaga," uye "kukwirira nokuda kwekutsvaga kwezvakanaka zvekutamba. " Izvi zvose zvinhu hunofungidzira izvo zvekuchengetedza zvinhu.
Skoric et al (2009) vakaratidza kuti mitambo yemavhidhiyo inodhaka ndeyekuzvimiririra pane kungoshandisa nguva yakawanda sei kutamba, uye vana vanobatanidzwa vane mutezo. Mukudzidza kwavo, kusvuta kwetsika kwakange kusina kukanganisa nekudzidzira kushanda, asi pasina hukama hwakadaro hwakawanikwa chero nguva yaishandiswa kutamba mitambo kana kuti kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo. Imwe nzira yakadaro yemavhidhiyo mitambo yekudhakwa inopesana nehutano hwekudzidza yakambowanika mune imwe dzidzo yakadzidziswa naChiu et al (2004).
Charlton's (2002) chikonzero chekutsvaga chakapa rubatsiro rwekutengesa pakombiyuta sechinhu chakasiyana. Iyi tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kukosha kwekuziva zvakananga zvemakombiyuta zvinodhaka, pane kungochinja matanho ekubhejera kubhejera, izvo zvingangodaro zvinyatsoongorora kuitika kwekombiyuta inodhaka.
Kuzivikanwa kwevhidhiyo mishonga yekudhakwa kunobvumira kushandiswa kwemasangano kunobatanidzwa mumagariro ekugadzirisa zvinodhaka, uye kudzidziswa kwakakwana kunopiwa kuvashandi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha zvakapiwa kukwirira kwakanyanya kwematambudziko akasiyana-siyana pakati pevaya vane video yekutengesa kushandiswa.
Case Against
Vhidhiyo yemutambo inogona kunge inogona kuva nezvipo zvakasiyana-siyana. Kubudirira mumitambo yemavhidhiyo kunogona kukudziridza kuzviremekedza kwemutambi. Inogona kukudziridza ruoko-maoko kuwirirana uye inogona kuva nedzimwe dzidziso dzekudzidzisa. Mimwe mitambo yakanakisisa inogona kubatsira vatambi kukudziridza humwe unyanzvi, uye kukurumidza kwekuvandudzwa kwakavaka-mune zvimwe zvekurovedza muviri - kunyange izvi zvingave zvisinganyanyi kufarira vatambi.
Ichokwadi chechimiro chakakurumbira ndechokuti isu tinowedzera kuvimba nekombiyuta. Chizvarwa chakadarika, makombiyuta akanga akaomeswa uye akaoma kushandisa, asi makombiyuta emazuva ano anowedzera kushandiswa uye anoshamwaridzana uye anonakidzwa nehuzhinji hwevanhu kuti vashandise. Mitambo yemavhidhiyo inoita kuti vanhu vave nezviitiko zvakanaka zvekushandisa makombiyuta, izvo zvinokwanisa kupa unyanzvi huripo hwekushandisa makombiyuta nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kuchengeta mupfungwa pfungwa dzinogona kubudirira zvevhidhiyo yemitambo inotamba, kuratidzira basa iri rinodhaka pasina uchapupu hwakakwana uye mitemo inotsanangurwa pamusoro pezvinodhaka kukanganisa (kusingapesana nehutano hwakanaka kana kutamba mitambo yekutamba) zvinogona kudzivisa vana vazhinji nevabereki vavo vanogona kubatsirwa kubva video mitambo. Izvi zvingava kukanganisa.
Kune misiyano yakakura mumitambo yemavhidhiyo, uye kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachiita sevanokuvadza, kunyanya kuburikidza nekusimudzirwa kwechisimba nezvimwe zvinopesana nemafambisirwo emagariro evanhu, iyi ibasa rezvimwe zvemitambo yakasiyana, panzvimbo yehutano hwemitambo yemavhidhiyo kwega yega . Mitambo yemavhidhiyo sechiremu inogona kuenzana yekukwanisa kukudziridza unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemagariro evanhu, kana kupa mhando dzakanaka dzevaraidzo - kunyange izvi zvingave zvisiri nyore kutengesa vana.
Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvinodhaka, pane ngozi yokuti mazita akafanana nekaseti yemutambo wemavhidhiyo angashandiswawo zvakasununguka, pasina kubhadhara kune zvimwe zviitiko kana pasi, sezvinongoita zvinetso zvekucherechedza, autism spectrum zvinetso, kuora mwoyo uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Mamiriro aya ane marapirwo akasiyana-siyana anogona kunyanya kubatsira mutambo wemutambo.
Uye mitambo yemavhidhiyo inokanganisa isingakwanisi kutsoropodza kumwechete kwekuti zvose zvinokanganisa maitiro ndezvi - izvo zvinodhaka ndezvomukemikari chinetso chinobva mukudya kwezvinhu zvinodhaka, kwete chimiro chekuita.
Kwainoenda
IAAPA haireve kuti mishonga yemutambo wevhidhiyo haisipo, kana kuti haisi mishonga yemishonga, asi kungoti ivo vari kutarisa nyaya yacho uye havazoiti chisarudzo kusvikira shanduro yakatevera yeDMM inouya muna 2013.
Mukusunungurwa kwakafanana umo vakasiya mazano avo kuti kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo inozivikanwa, APA yakaratidza kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pemigumisiro yehurukuro yakawanda yemavhidhiyo yemutambo inotarisa vana, ichiti:
"Vanachiremba vane hanya nezvehupenyu hwevana vanopedza nguva yakawanda nemitambo yemavhidhiyo zvokuti vanokundikana kukudziridza ushamwari, kuwana maitiro anobatsira kunze kwekunze kana kutambura mubasa ravo rechikoro.Zvino, mwana anoshandisa nguva yakawandisa achitamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo angave akavharirwa kurwisana uye angave ari pangozi dzakakwirira dzekuita uye zvimwe zvinetso zveutano. "
Saka, kana kuti kwete yemuchina mitambo yemishonga inokonzerwa nehutano hwechokwadi, kana kuti sehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa mukati uye pachahwo, APA inonyatsojekesa kuti kutamba kwemavhidhiyo yemavhidhiyo kutamba muvana kunogona kunge kusina kunaka, uye kunogona kutungamirira kune mamwe matambudziko.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association, News Release: Nyaya yeAmerica Psychiatric Association pa "Video Game Addiction" . Kusunungurwa Nhamba 07-47. June 21, 2007.
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (4th Edition - Text Revision), Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association. 1994.
> Block, MD, Jerald J., "Nyaya dze DSM-V: Internet Addiction." Am J Psychiatry 165: 3. 2008.
> Charlton, JP "Chiitiko-chekuongorora kutsvaga kwekombiyuta kutengesa uye kubatanidzwa." British Journal of Psychology 93: 329-344. 2002.
> Chiu, Ed.D., S., Lee, MA, J. & Huang, Ph.D., D. "Mhizha yeVhidhiyo Muropa muvana nevechidiki muTaiwan." Cyberpsychology & Behavior 7: 571-581. 2004.
> Entertainment Software Association. "2008 Essential Facts pamusoro peKombiyuta neVhidhiyo yeIndaneti." Yakasvika 10 Feb 2009.
> Grüsser, > Ph.D. >, SM., Thalemann, Ph.D., R. & Griffiths, Ph.D., M. "Kuwandisa komutambo yemavhidhiyo kutamba: uchapupu > hwe > kusvuta uye kushungurudzwa?" Cyberpsychology & Behavior 10: 290-292. 2007.
> Khan, MD, > Ph.D. >, Mohamed K. "Kushushikana Kwepfungwa uye Maitiro, Kusanganisira Addictive Potential, yemitambo yemavhidhiyo." Nhoroondo yeDare reSayenzi uye Utano hweHuzhinji. CSAPH Report 12-A-07. 2007. Yakasvika 10 Feb 2009.
> Skoric, M., Lay Ching Teo, L. & Lijie Neo, L. "Vana neMitambo yemavhidhiyo: Kutengesa, Kubatana, uye Kubudirira Kwechikoro." CyberPsychology & Behavior. 12: 567-572. 2009.