Kuziva Mafungiro Akakura Kupfurikidza Neavo Vanokonzerwa Nemitemo
Manzwiro ekutonga huzhinji hwehupenyu hwedu. Kunyange vanyori nevanyori vanoita sevasingakwanisi kutsanangura ruzere rwakakwana uye ruzivo rwekunzwa kwevanhu.
Manzwiro panguva imwe chete haasati akwanise asi nhengo iyo yatinokurukura nayo pfungwa huru kune avo vakatipoteredza. Hatigoni kuvapo kunze kwavo asi kazhinji hake kumira kuti tione kuti vangani varipo chaizvoizvo varipo. Uyu mubvunzo wakabvisa masayendisiti uye vazivi vezvizvarwa uye vanoramba vachidaro nhasi.
Kudzidza Kwekunzwa
Sekutanga kwezana remakore rechina BC, Aristotle akaedza kuziva nhamba chaiyo yepfungwa huru mukati mevanhu. Yakarondedzerwa seAristotle's List of Emotion, nyanzvi yemafiro inotsanangura 14 zvakasiyana-siyana manzwiro: kutya, kuvimba, kutsamwa, ushamwari, kudzikama, ruvengo, kunyadziswa, kushorwa, tsitsi, mutsa, godo, kutsamwa, kuvhiringidza, uye kuzvidza.
Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi20, nekusvika kwechirwere chepfungwa , nhamba yakanga yawedzera zvikuru. Maererano naRobert Plutchick, purofesa anomuka kuAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, tsanangudzo dzinopfuura 90 dzakasiyana-siyana dze "manzwiro" akaiswa nevanodzidza nezvepfungwa nechinangwa chokutsanangura zvakananga izvo zvinoita uye zvinoparadzanisa manzwiro evanhu.
mumakore achangobva kupfuura, vanodzidza nezvepfungwa vakaedza kuzivisa uye kugovera mafungiro aya nenzira inofungidzirwa kuti inobwinya uye yepasi rose . Zvinoshamisika, kana zvinosvika kune zvinonyanya kushungurudzika, vazhinji vezvepfungwa vanozokuudza kuti zvishoma kudarika imwe zvingafunga.
Purogiramu yePlutchik yemanzwiro
Imwe yenhau dzakakurumbira dzezana remakore rechi20 ndiRobert Plutchik's wheel of emotions. Mariri, Plutchik akaronga humwe hutano hwemashoko-mufaro, kusuruvara, kuvimba, kunyangadza, kutya, kutsamwa, kushamiswa, uye kutarisira-izvo zvaakatenda zvakaputika uye zvakasungirirwa mune zvinotevera sehuse pamusara.
Plutchick akawedzera akatsanangura kuti chekutanga mafungiro "mavara" anogona kubatana kuti aite wechipiri uye anowirirana pfungwa "mavara." Semuenzaniso, tarisiro pamwe chete nomufaro zvinogona kubatana nekuumba tariro, nepo kutya uye kushamiswa pamwe pamwe pamwe zvinotsanangura kutya.
Eckman's Facial Action Coding System
Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vakavhiringidza muenzaniso waPlutchik uye vakakavhiringidza kuti rutivi rwechipiri uye rwakawedzerwa manzwiro anowanzogona kusiyanisa netsika kana sangano. Vanosimbisa kuti, kuitira kuti manzwiro aonekwe seheyo, inofanirwa kunge iine ruzivo rwevanhu mumarudzi ese.
Nokuda kweizvi, muongorori wepfungwa Paul Ekman akasika izvo zvaakadana chiso chekuita coding system (FACS), muenzaniso wekuenzanisa uyo unoyera uye unoongorora kutenderera kwemaziso emeso pamwe chete nemaziso nemusoro. Kubva pane zvaanodzidzisa, Ekman akaronga kuti kune mazwi manomwe emanzwiro evanhu vose pasi rose: mufaro, kusuruvara, kushamiswa, kutya, kutsamwa, kusazvidzwa, nekuzvidza.
Kunyange zvazvo basa raEkman rakabatsira kusimbisa kuitika kwe " chimiro kana kuti kusimbisa " pamanzwiro ezvinyorwa, zvizhinji zveanodzidzisa kubva ipapo zvakatsoropodzwa apo, muna 2004, akaronga kuti nzira imwechete ingashandiswa senzira yekutsva nhema .
Ichina Irreducible Emotions
Kutevera mubasa reEkman, boka rekutsvakurudza paYunivhesiti yeGlasgow muna 2014 rakarongedza kugadzirisa manzwiro anobva pane zviso zvemaziso pasinei nemagariro evanhu.
Zvakawanikwa nevatsvakurudzi ndezvokuti mamwe manzwiro akaita kuti zvimwe zviso zviitike. Kutya uye kushamisika, somuenzaniso, kuita mimwe misungo yepiso uye, panzvimbo yekumirira manzwiro maviri, inogona kuonekwa imwe chete. Izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pakuzvidzwa uye kutsamwa kana kufara uye kushamiswa.
Kubva pane zvavakawana, masayendisiti akadzikisa huwandu hweshungu dzisingabvumirwi kune zvina chete: mufaro, kusuruvara, kutsamwa, uye kutya.
Kunze kweizvi, vakakavhiringidza, kusiyana kwakanyanya kwemafungiro kwakashanduka pamusoro pemakumi emakore pasi pemagariro akawanda evanhu uye tsika.
Kufanana kwechiso chemaziso, vanoti, inonyanya kukosha (chimwe chinhu chatinoberekwa nacho) asi apo kusiyana pakati pekunze uye kwakakomberedzwa manzwiro emwoyo kunonyanya kusangana nevanhu (zvinhu isu isu, semamiriro ezvinhu, tadzidza nekuvandudza kwenguva yakareba).
Izvi Zvinotitaurira
Manzwiro, uye maitiro atinosangana nawo uye kuzviratidza, zvinogona kunge zviri zviviri zvakajeka kana zvinoshamisa. Kubvumirana kukuru pakati pevasayendisiti mazuva ano ndechokuti zvinonyanya kushungurudzika, zvisinei nokuti pane zvakawanda zvingave zviripo, zvinoshanda senheyo yenguva yakaoma uye yakajeka iyo inoumba chiitiko chevanhu.
> Sources:
> Freitas-Magalhães, A. (2012). "Kutarisa chiso chemanzwiro." Ramachandran, V (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Volume 2). Oxford: Elsevier / Academic Press.
> Jack, R .; E., Garrod, O .; uye Schyns, P. "Dynamic chiso chekutaura kwemanzwiro anotumira hurumende inofambira mberi yezviratidzo munguva." Current Biology. 2014; 24 (2), 187-192. DOI: 10.1016 / j.cub.2013.11.064.
> Plutchik, R. "Chimiro chemanzwiro." American Scientist . 2001; 89 (4), 344. DOI: 10.1511 / 2001.4.344 .