Manzwiro anoshandisa simba rinoshamisa rinoshamisa pamararamiro evanhu. Manzwiro akasimba angakonzera iwe kutora zviito iwe usingaiti kazhinji kuita kana kudzivisa mamiriro aunofarira. Sei tine manzwiro chaiwo? Chii chinoita kuti tive nemanzwiro aya? Vanotsvakurudza, mafilosofi, uye mafirologist vakapa mazano akasiyana-siyana kuti atsanangure kuti sei uye nei zvichiita kumashure kwemanzwiro evanhu.
Chii Chinonzi Kusuruvara?
Mukufungidzirwa kwepfungwa , manzwiro anowanzorondedzerwa semamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekunzwa anokonzera kuchinja kwepanyama uye kwepfungwa kunokanganisa kufunga uye mufambiro. Emotionality inobatanidza nehutano hwezvinhu zvepfungwa, kusanganisira hutano , unhu , manzwiro, uye zvinokurudzira . Maererano nemunyori David G. Meyers, manzwiro evanhu anosanganisira "... kumutsa muviri, maitiro ekududzira, uye unoziva zvakaitika."
Nhema dzeEmotion
Mafungiro makuru ekukurudzira anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: hutano, hutano, uye kuziva. Zvinyorwa zvepfungwa zvinoratidza kuti mhinduro mukati memuviri inokonzera manzwiro. Neurological theories inokurudzira kuti basa mukati meuropi rinotungamirira kumhinduro dzemanzwiro. Pakupedzisira, mafungiro ekufungidzira anotaura kuti mafungiro uye mamwe mabasa epfungwa anoita basa rinokosha pakuumba manzwiro.
Evolutionary Theory of Emotion
Yaiva mutori wenhau Charles Darwin uyo akaronga kuti manzwiro akave nekushanduka nokuti akashandura uye akabvumira vanhu nemhuka kurarama uye kubereka.
Manzwiro erudo uye rudo runotungamirira vanhu kutsvaka vakaroorana uye kubereka. Manzwiro ekutya anoita kuti vanhu varwe kana kuti vatize patsime rematambudziko.
Maererano nekushanduka-shanduka kwemanzwiro, manzwiro edu anovapo nekuti anoshumira basa rinogadzirisa. Manzwiro anokurudzira vanhu kuti vakurumidze kugadzirisa zvinhu mumhepo, iyo inobatsira kuvandudza mikana yekubudirira nekupona.
Kunzwisisa manzwiro evamwe vanhu nemhukawo kunotora basa rinokosha mukuchengeteka nekupona. Kana ukasangana nenheyo, kupfira mate, uye kuvhara mhuka, mikana iwe uchakurumidza kuona kuti mhuka yacho inotya kana kudzivirirwa uye ichisiye iga. Nokukwanisa kududzira zvakajeka mafungiro emamwe vanhu nemhuka, unogona kupindura zvakarurama uye kudzivisa njodzi.
The James-Lange Theory of Emotion
The James-Lange theory is one of the best known examples of the theory of the emotions. Kuzvimiririra kunorongedzerwa nemagariro epfungwa William Wamuzivi uye nyanzvi yemapurisa Carl Lange, mazwi eJakobho-Lange emanzwiro anoratidza kuti manzwiro anowanzoitika semugumisiro wehupenyu hwekuita kune zviitiko.
Iyi nyanzvi inoratidza kuti kana iwe ukaona chimiro chekunze chinotungamirira kumararamiro anoita. Manzwiro ako ehupenyu anobva pane zvaunoshandura maitiro ako. Somuenzaniso, ngatiti iwe uri kufamba mumatanda uye iwe unoona bheji rinopisa. Iwe unotanga kudedera, uye mwoyo wako unotanga kukwikwidza. Bhuku reJakobho-Lange rinotsanangura kuti iwe uchadudzira zvido zvako zvemuviri uye kugumisa kuti iwe unotya ("Ndiri kudedera, saka, ndinotya"). Maererano nedzidziso iyi yemanzwiro, iwe hausi kudedera nokuti iwe unotya.
Pane kudaro, unonzwa uchitya nokuti iwe uri kudedera.
The Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Imwe inonyatsozivikanwa yepfungwa inyanzvi ndeye Cannon-Bard nheyo yemanzwiro . Walter Cannon haana kubvumirana nenyanzvi yaJakobe-Lange yemanzwiro pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Chokutanga, akataura kuti, vanhu vanogona kuona maitiro ehupano akabatanidzwa nemanzwiro kunze kwekuti vachinzwa manzwiro avo. Semuenzaniso, mwoyo wako unogona kurwisana nekuti wakanga uchiri kushandisa uye kwete nekuti unotya.
Cannon zvakare yakaratidza kuti mhinduro dzemanzwiro dzinowanzoitika zvakanyanya kwazvo kuti dzive zvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvemuviri.
Paunosangana nenjodzi munharaunda, iwe unowanzonzwa uchitya usati watanga kuona zviratidzo zvepanyama zvinosangana nekutya zvakadai sekuzunungusa maoko, kukufema nokukurumidza, uye mwoyo wepambiso.
Cannon yakatanga kurongedza dzidziso yake mumakore ekuma1920 uye basa rake rakaparidzirwa zvakare nemupiologist Philip Bard muma1930. Maererano neCannon-Bard nharo yemanzwiro, tinonzwa manzwiro uye tinonzwa maitiro ehupenyu akadai sokuputika, kudedera, uye kushungurudzika kwemisungo panguva imwe chete.
Kunyanya kunyanya, zvinoratidzirwa kuti manzwiro anoguma apo thalamus inotumira shoko kune uropi mukupindurwa kune chinokurudzira, zvichiita kuti muviri uite. Panguva imwe chete, uropi hunogamuchirawo zviratidzo zvinokonzera kuitika mupfungwa. Cannon naBard nharo inoratidza kuti ruzivo rwepanyama uye rwepfungwa rwehupenyu hunoitika panguva imwechete uye kuti munhu haaiti chimwe chacho.
Schachter-Singer Theory
Iyo inozivikanwawo seyi pfungwa mbiri-pfungwa, Schachter-Singer Theory ndeye muenzaniso wepfungwa yekufungisisa yemanzwiro. Iyi nyanzvi inoratidza kuti kukwezva muviri kunotanga kuitika, uye zvino munhu wacho anofanira kuziva chikonzero chekusimudzira ichi kuti aone uye kuitaura semhepo. Chimwe chikonzero chinotungamirira kumagariro ezvemamiriro ezvinhu anobva achinyoreswa nekunyora uye anonyorwa zvinoguma nemanzwiro.
Schachter and Singer's theory inotora mazano ose eJakobe-Lange uye Cannon-Bard nharo yemanzwiro. Kufanana naJames-Lange dzidziso, Schachter-Singer dzidziso inotsanangura kuti vanhu vanopesana nemanzwiro zvichienderana nemhinduro dzepanyama. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti mamiriro ezvinhu uye kududzira kunzwisisika izvo vanhu vanoshandisa kutaura kuti iyo manzwiro.
Kungofanana nedzidziso yeCannon-Bard, schachter-Singer nheyo inoratidzawo kuti mhinduro dzepanyama dzakadaro dzinogona kuunza maitiro akasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe uine mwoyo wepamberi uye kusuruvara kwemichindwe panguva yekukosha kwemasvomhu kuongorora, iwe unogona kunge uchiona manzwiro sekuzvidya mwoyo. Kana iwe ukawana mhinduro imwechete yepanyama pazuva raunofunga nezvimwe, unogona kududzira mhinduro dzacho se rudo, rudo, kana kuti kumutsa.
Kuchenjerera Kuongorora Ongororo
Maererano nekuongorora mafungiro emanzwiro, kufunga kunofanira kuitika kutanga usati wava nemanzwiro. Richard Razaro akanga ari piyona munharaunda iyi yemanzwiro, uye iyi nheyo inowanzotumidzwa saRazaro nheyo yekunzwa.
Maererano nedzidziso iyi, kuwirirana kwezviitiko zvinotanga kusanganisira kukurudzira, kuteverwa nemafungiro ayo anobva aendesa kuchiitiko chekufananidzwa chekuita kwepanyama uye manzwiro. Somuenzaniso, kana ukasangana nebheya musango, unogona kutanga kufunga kuti uri munjodzi huru. Izvo zvino zvinotungamirira kumanzwiro emanzwiro ekutya uye kugadzikana kwepanyama kunobatanidza nehondo-kana-inofamba mhinduro .
Meso-Mhinduro Pfungwa yeEmotion
Iko chiso-mhinduro yehana yekunzwa inoratidza kuti chiso chemaziso chinosangana nekutarisana nemanzwiro. Charles Darwin naWilliam James vakambotaura kare kuti pane dzimwe nguva mhinduro dzepanyama dzakawanda dzakakanganisa mafungiro, pane kungova kungokonzerwa nemanzwiro. Vatsigiri veshoko iri rinoratidza kuti manzwiro anonongedzwa zvakananga nekushandurwa kwemisungo yepiso. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vanomanikidzwa kusemwerera zvakanaka mune zvekugarisana kwevanhu vanove nenguva yakanakisisa pamusangano kupfuura ivo vangadai dai vakave vakanyura kana kuti vakatakura kutarisa kwekutarisa kwemaziso.
> Sources:
> Cannon, WB (1927) The James-Lange theory of emotion: Kuongorora kwakakosha uye imwe nzira yakasiyana. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 10-124.
> James, W. (1884). Chii chinonzi Emotion? Pfungwa, 9, 188-205.
> Myers, DG (2004). Nhema dzeEmotion. Psychology: Seventh Edition. New York, NY: Vanokosha Vaparidzi.