Mishonga yemarwadzo yepiritsi haisi nyaya duku. Kune zvinhu zvinodzora zvakadai seopioid, kune hupenyu hunogara huripo hwekudhakwa uye kushungurudzwa, kunyange kune varwere vasina nhoroondo yekushandisa zvinodhaka kana kushandiswa kwekutanga. Nezvizvi zvitsvakurudzo zvenguva ichangopfuura uye kudengenyeka kwezvino kweDA pane zvinhu izvi zvakarongedzwa, tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti vechidiki, kunyanya, vari kutyisidzirwa kwehuputi hwehupi uye kushandiswa kwemishonga inodhaka.
Nevana vatatu vari kuyaruka vanorayirwa opioid painkillers muna 2010, izvo zvinoreva kuti chikamu chikuru chevechiri kuyaruka chiri kutaridzirwa kune izvo zvinogona kuvhiringidza zvinhu achiri muduku. Kunyange vechidiki-vakachena vacheche avo vanonzi havabvumirwi nekushandisa zvinodhaka, kusanganisira mbanje, mirairo kubva kuvanachiremba yeapioid yakadai sePercocet kana Vicodin inogona kuva nengozi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.
Zvinotsvakurudzwa neUtsvakurudzo
Chidzidzo chakaitwa neNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) pakutanga kwegore ra2016 chakagumisa kuti vechidiki vakagamuchira tsamba yeopioid nechechi yechi12 vaiva 33 muzana yepamusoro yekushandisa mishonga yeopioid zvisina kunaka pakati pemakore 19-23. Mukuwedzera, vanhu vakawanda vari panjodzi yevechiri kuyaruka ndivo avo vasina kumbobvumirana nemishonga isina kukodzera chero ipi zvayo.
Zviwanikwa zvinoratidza kuti ruzivo rwekutanga-ruzivo rwekuyaruka huri kuyaruka rwunonzwa ruchinyengedza kuti varambe vachivimba nezvinhu izvi zvinodzorwa munguva yemberi, izvo zvinoita kuti vechidiki vasazvizora kubva pamishonga iyi.
Kuongororwa kwezvinoitwa naNIDA kunoratidza kuti vanhu vanogona kuve vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka zvakadai seOxycodone muvhiki, kana kunyange zvishoma kana zvitatu zvinoshandisa-fungidzira zvinorayirwa vhiki imwechete kana kuti mahwendefa manomwe epipiyadhi iyi, murwere angave atoita kuti ave nechiremba mufambiro uye kuvimba pane izvi zvinodhaka munguva iyoyo pfupi.
Izvi zvinoumba kuvimba nemishonga, uye kuvimba uku kunogona kupfuurira kusvika pakutanga, pakati, nekupera kwekukura.
Ngozi dzekutarisa pahuduku
Kutyisidzirwa kwekusununguka achiri muduku haisi kungova kushungurudzwa kana kushandiswa zvisina kunaka, asi ngozi yekurapa varwere vasingaperi vanodzidza kuvimba nemishonga yepamusoro pavanenge vachirapa kurwadziwa kwekutambudzika panzvimbo pokugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemazuva ose. Rimwe dambudziko rinosanganiswa nekutendeseka uku ndiko kubatana kwevamwe vatano vanogona kuvaka makore nemakore ekushandiswa, zvichiita kuti vamwe varwere vave nemitemo inowanikwa kaviri kana katatu morphine muyero sekuti pavakatanga kurongerwa sevechiri kuyaruka.
Mukuwedzera, kuonekwa kweapioid mumakore ekuyaruka kunogona kuita se "gateway drug" kune avo vane mamwe maitiro emishonga asati aita, vachivabvumira kutanga kuiswa kune zvinodhaka zvakadai seopioids. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti chirongwa chepamusoro chepineji rinogona kuva mishonga yemagedhi kune zvinhu zvakanyanya se heroin . Nekuzivikanwa kwekushandisa zvisina kunaka mishonga inorwadza pakati pevechidiki nhasi, chero kuiswa kune zvinodzora zvinodhaka zvakadai seopioid kunogona kukonzera mikana yekushandiswa nekushungurudzwa kwechirwere, zvichiita kuti pave nenguva inonakidzwa inoshandiswa.
Nei Vechiduku Vari Pangozi?
Chii chinoita kuti boka rezera iri rive dambudziko guru rekudhakwa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yeopioid?
Kunyanya, ndiko kusarwarana kwechikwata ichi kwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye kusagadzikana kwema-en-heightened manzwiro euphoria anosangana nemishonga. Kunyangwe nemukomana asina mhosva uyo anorayirwa mishonga iyi nachiremba, vazhinji havana kugadzirira simba rekununurwa kunorwadza uye huwandu hwakanaka hukunzwa mushonga unopa.
Imwe pfungwa mupfungwa inobatanidzwa mumitambo yekudhakwa ndeyekuti chiremba anovimbwa nevechiremba akarayira mushonga wavo, uye pfungwa yekuchengeteka vanonzwa nekuva nechiremba "nyanzvi" kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi inoisa vazhinji vari kuyaruka pa kusununguka.
Manzwiro aya anoita basa rakakura mumatambudziko ane maitiro ekurwisa zvinodhaka kupfuura vechidiki vane ruzivo rwemishonga inotangira, uye zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vechidiki vane zvimwe zvisingatauriki mafungiro emigumisiro yemishonga uye vakawana migumisiro yezvinodhaka kune zviduku zvishoma zviri nani pakapedza chirongwa chavo uye kuchiitwa nemishonga kupfuura vechidiki vasina kugadzirira mupfungwa uye mumuviri nekuda kwemigumisiro yemishonga.
Muzvinyorwa zvehupenyu, uropi hwevechiri kuyaruka huchiri kuwedzera, uye kuonekwa kune opioid panguva iyi yekugadzirisa kunogona kukanganisa kukura kweuropi. Kutsvakurudza kunoitwa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, kuSan Diego kunoratidza kuti pamakore ekuyaruka pakati pe12-19, uropi hunowanzosvika pakugadzirisa maitiro, sekudhakwa. Uyezve, zvinhu zvakadai semakumbo, doro, uye opioid zvinokanganisa uropi hwepfungwa kuburikidza nokuchinja huro hwehuropi uye hutano hwemuchena, zvichiita kuti uropi huve neuro-conduct conductivity. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mabasa akaita sekudzidza, kufungidzirwa, nekuyeuka, asiwo zvinokonzera urombo hunoita hutano hunoita kuti uite zvinotyisa-maitiro aya ane ngozi anogona kuratidza mune chero chinhu kubva mukushandiswa kwakaitwa opioid kuedza zvimwe zvinodhaka nemishonga.
Pasi Pasi
Mishonga yemarwadzo yepiritsi haisi nyaya duku. Chero ani naani ane chirwere chezera kana kuti yezera rezera ari pangozi yekudhakwa uye kushungurudzwa pavanotanga kushandisa maopioid, zvisinei, kune kutyisidzira kwakawedzerwa kune vechidiki vanokanganisa vechizvarwa, pasinei nemafungiro avo kana zvitendero pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Zvakakosha kuti vanachiremba nevamwe vadzidzisi vehutano vanongwarira uye vanoziva kuti pavanorayiridza vechidiki zvinhu zvakadai sekurapiiin painkillers, vanotsanangura zvinetso zvose nemigumisiro inobatanidza nekurapa kwevarwere nevabereki vomurwere.
> Sources:
> Carlisle Maxwell J. Nhamo Inonunura uye Heroin Kupararira muUnited States: Kuchinaya Mhepo muPamatic Storm. J Mhirizhonga Dis. 2015; 34 (2-3): 127-40.
> Mccabe SE, West BT, Boyd CJ. Leftover mvumo yemaopioid uye kushandiswa kusingagadziriswi pakati pevakwegura vekuchikoro chesekondari: a multi-cohort national national study. J Adolesc Health. 2013; 52 (4): 480-5.
> Sheridan DC, Laurie A, Hendrickson RG, Fu R, Kea B, Horowitz BZ. Sangano reWeight Opioid Zviratidzo Pamwana Ari Kuyaruka Opioid Abuse. J Emerg Med. 2016.