Kazhinji Kushandiswa Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka
Inofungidzirwa 27.1 mamiriyoni evaAmerica vane makore gumi nemaviri uye kupfuura vanotaura kuti ikozvino vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera, maererano neNational Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti 10,1 muzana yevanhu vemuUnited States vanobvuma kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera, izvo zvinowira mumapoka gumi kusanganisira marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, hallucinogens uye inhalants; uye marwadzo emhando yepamusoro-soro anoderedza mararamiro, runyararo, zvinokurudzira, uye zvinogadziriswa zvinoshandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingave zvezvechiremba.
Mishonga inowanzoshungurudzwa inonyorwa pasi apa muhutano hwekuzivikanwa kwavo muUnited States kubva kune yakakurumbira kusvika kune zvishoma. Kushandisa doro uye zvigadzirwa zvefodya, kunyange zvisiri pamutemo kune vechidiki, hazvina kuiswa muNDDH yekuongorora dhesi.
Marijuana
Pamusoro pevashandisi vezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera zvinokwana 27.1 vanonzi ne NSDUH, 22.2 mamiriyoni avo vanocherechedza kushandiswa kwemazuva makumi matatu kwemazuva masikati, vachiita kuti ive yakashandiswa zvikuru mumishonga munyika.
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8 Zvinowanzosvibisa Mafungiro Nezvekushandisa Dambudziko Rokushandisa Dambudziko
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Nzira Yehutano Hwehutano Inogona Kuita Kuti Zvinhu Zvako Zvishandise
Marijuana dzimwe nguva inonzi "gateway drug" nokuti inowanzova yekutanga kushandiswa kwemishonga isina kubvumirwa nevarume vaduku.
Kubvumirwa kwebambani nekuda kwechiremba nekushandiswa kwekuvaraidza kune dzimwe nyika kwakakonzera kuwedzera nokukurumidza kwehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshandisa chirwere ichi, zvikurukuru nokuti kushandiswa kwayo ikozvino kunoonekwa nevechidiki vakawanda sevasina kukuvadza.
Makore mana shure kweColorado yakabvumidza mari yekuvaraidza mari, hofisi ye Rocky Mountain High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) yakabudisa mushumo-wakapikiswa nevamwe vanocherechedza-kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga nevechidiki muhurumende iko ikozvino 74 muzana kupfuura yevhareji yenyika.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemuchu:
- Zvinyorwa ZvezveMarijuana
Icho chikuru chinoshandiswa pakugadzira mbanje ndeye THC (delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol). - Ihu Health Effects yeMarijuana
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemambuji kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda ehutano. - Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo yeMhuri
Marijuana inoshandiswa sei? Inguva yakareba sei inogara mumutambo wako? - Marijuana Photo Gallery
Chii chinonzi mbanje inotaridzika? Kune marudzi akasiyana uye mafomu.
Psychotherapeutics
Dambudziko rechipiri-guru pane zvinodhaka muUnited States nhasi ndisiri kusashandiswa kwemishonga yemamwe mishonga yemishonga. Nhoroondo ye NSDUH inobatanidza zvikamu zvina zveizvi (marwadzo-rudzi rwemarwadzo anodzivirira, mararamiro, zvinokurudzira, uye zvinopesana) muchikamu chinonzi "psychotherapeutics." Kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi isiri "kurapa" kunotsanangurwa sekushandiswa pasina mishonga kana kuti kushandiswa kwechiitiko kana kunzwa kuti mishonga inokonzerwa.
Dare reHSDUH rinofungidzira kuti vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 6,4 vakashandisa zvisina kunaka zvinodhaka zvepfungwa mumwedzi wapfuura, kusanganisira mamiriyoni 3.8 vanhu vakashandisa zvisina kunaka kurapa kunorwadza.
Kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvinyorwa-kutevedza zvirongwa uye kushandiswa kwemutemo kudengenyeka kwe "mapiritsi emapiritsi" kwakaderedza kukura kwemishonga yezvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nemishonga, asi zvinoramba zvichiwedzera hutano hwehutano hwevanhu.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemishonga mashoma epfungwa inowanzoshungurudzwa:
- Mashoko Akanyanya Pamusoro peOxyContin
Yakarongedzerwa kubatsiro kununura kurwadziwa kusingaperi, inonyanya kukanganisa. - Codeine
Ko codeine inoramba yakadini mumuviri? - Morphine
Kazhinji inorayirirwa kuti utambudzike husingagoni kuregererwa nevamwe painkillers - Fentanyl
Inowanzotarisirwa kuporesa "kurwadziwa kunorwadza" paunotora mamwe mishonga inorwadza - Amphetamine
Zvinogona kukonzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano husina kunaka kana uchishungurudzwa - Barbiturates
Ngozi yekuderedza kudengenyeka kune yakakwirira zvikuru kana inoshandiswa zvisina kunaka.
Cocaine
Anofungidzirwa mamiriyoni 1,9 vokuAmerica ikozvino vanoshandisa cocaine kana crack cocaine. Zvichienderana nechimiro chechirwere ichi, cocaine inogona kudonhedzwa, injowa, uye kunyange kusvuta. Muzviitiko zvose, cocaine inhare yakasimba yenheyo inogadzirisa inokonzera iyo inokanganisa uropi mukugadzira dopamine.
Kushinini inoshandiswa muUnited States yakawa zvikuru kubva pakukwirira kwaro mukuma1980, asi mune zvimwe zvikamu zvevanhu, ichiripo uye inowanikwa.
- Basic Facts About Cocaine
Cocaine inobva pamashizha eSouth American coca plant. - Migumisiro yehutano yeCocaine
Kuipa kwehutano hunoshandiswa nekushandisa cocaine kunogona kubva pane zvishoma kusvika kune zvakanyanya. - Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo Pamusoro peK Cocaine
Kocaine inoshandiswa sei? Chii chinonzi crack cocaine? - Cocaine uye Crack Photo Gallery
Cocaine uye crack cocaine inogona kuonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana nemafomu.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens inosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana-LSD, PCP, peyote, mescaline, psilocybin mushroom nevamwe-zvose zvingashandiswa zvisina kunaka. Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vane mamiriyoni 1,2 muUnited States vari kushandisa ikozvino hallucinogens.
Kushandiswa kwei hallucinogens zvichida kwakapinda muchikwata chechi hipi chema1960 nema1970, asi ivo vachiripo; zvakawanda zvevechidiki vanofarira kuedza pfungwa dzavo-kuchinja maitiro.
- Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo NezveHallucinogens
Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe hallucinogens uye dissociative drugs?
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Kushungurudzika Kunobatsira Sei Muviri Wako
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Dzidza Nezvokusimudzira, Kubva kuKaffeine kusvika kuCocaine
- LSD
Kunyatsotaura kuti LSD inokanganisa sei huro hwehupenyu hahuna kunyatsonzwisiswa. - PCP
Kushandisa kwechiremba kwePPP kwakagamuchirwa apo varwere vanotaura nezvekupindura kwepfungwa. - Mescaline
Icho chinouya kubva mudiki peyote cactus plant, asi inogonawo kuva yakagadzirwa nevanhu. - Psilocybin
Mhedziso yemishonga inogona kunge isingazivikanwi zvikuru.
Ecstasy
Imwe mishonga inowanikwa muSNSDUH's hallucinogens category ndeye ecstasy, kana MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine). MDMA-inonziwo molly, ecstasy, kana XTC mumugwagwa-inoshandiswa, yakagadzirisa pfungwa, inokanganisa pfungwa ne hallucinogenic uye amphetamine-yakafanana.
Ecstasy yakatanga seyaidikanwa yevechidiki vanoenda kumapuranga, asi vakuru vakuru vanoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwayo kwakatamira mune zvimwe zvikamu zvenzanga mumakore achangobva kupfuura.
- Mashoko Ezvinyorwa nezveEcstasy
Inozivikanwa nokuda kwekusimudzira kwayo, pamwe nekusavhiringidzika munguva uye kunzwisisa - Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo NezveEcstasy
Chii chinonzi Molly kuuropi? Inodhaka here? - Ecstasy Photo Gallery
Mifananidzo yemhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzeecstasy mapiritsi
Methamphetamine
Pamberi pekudzidza kweSDUH ya2015, methamphetamine yakabatanidzwa muchikwata chepfungwa chinonzi psychotherapeutics nokuti inowanikwa zviri pamutemo nemutemo (Desoxyn). Kuziva kuti vazhinji ve meth iripo nhasi inobudiswa uye inoparidzirwa zvisiri pamutemo, tsvakurudzo yava kupa meth yayo pachayo.
Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu 897 000 12 kana kupfuura ndevashandisi vemazuva ano ve methamphetamine, iyo inogadzirwa kubva kune zvishandiso zvinosanganisira kupfuura-the-counter mishonga. Methamphetamine, kunyanya kristal methamphetamine, inopisa zvinetso zvehutano zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana zvichitorwa mukati.
Kufambira mberi kwehurumende dzakawanda kuisa mishonga yekurwisa uye inotonhora-iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira meth-mushure memutemo kuseri iyo yakaderedza nhamba yezvinyararire meth labs munyika yose. Zvisinei, mhirizhonga yedzimwe nyika inonzi yakapindira kugovera kuenderera mberi kwekuda kweiyo-inodhaka mishonga.
- Mashoko Akanyanya Pamusoro paMethamphetamine
Migumisiro yemameth inobva zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo. - Migumisiro yehutano yeMethamphetamine
Meth ine rwendo rurefu rwezvenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu. - Methamphetamine Photo Gallery
Mifananidzo ye methamphetamine mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana
Inhalants
Inhalants inopisa mweya yemakemikari inobudisa maitiro anokanganisa pfungwa (anogadzirisa pfungwa) ayo anowanzoshungurudzwa nevechidiki nokuti haasi pamutemo uye anowanikwa nyore nyore. Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu 600 000 vanoshandisa mazino mwedzi mumwe nomumwe.
Inhalants inonyanyozivikanwa pakati pevana vaduku zvikuru vari kuedza kukwira. Sezvavanokura, vechidiki vanowana nzira dzokuwana mamwe mishonga, kunyanya doro uye mbanje.
Pakati pevakarongedzwa 527,000 vashanduri vemazuva ano vari muUnited States, zvikamu zvakakura zvekushandiswa zviri muzera remakore 12 kusvika ku17, maererano nehuwandu hweSDUH. Vanenge 175 000 vechidiki vanoshuma kuti vari vashandisi vezvinodhaka.
- Nheyo Dzechokwadi Pamusoro pezvinyorwa
Vana vanoshandisa inhalants nekuti ivo vanowanzova nyore kuwana. - Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo Pamusoro peInhalants
Ndezvipi zvinonzi? Ndeipi migumisiro yezvehutano yekushandiswa kwenguva refu?
Heroin
Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri pamutemo uye zvisina kukodzera, heroin kushandisa, nhamo, yakaita chimwe chinhu chekudzoka se "chic" zvinodhaka pakati pevechidiki vechidiki nhasi vanochera kana kuvuta panzvimbo pokuisvibisa. Vanenge 329 000 vanhu vari kushandisa iko heroin muUnited States.
Mumakore achangopfuura, heroin akaona kuwedzerwa kwekushandiswa, izvo zvave zvichitongerwa kudengenyeka kwemishonga yekurwadza-pill. Sezvo marwadzo ekurwadziwa akawedzera kudhura uye zvakaoma kuwana, avo vanoshandisa mapiritsi avo vaigara mumaguta ekutanga vakatanga kutendeukira kuchitoro, mamwe akawanda ari heroin, vakuru vanotenda.
Iye zvino, kunyange mune varombo, kumaruwa enyika-zvakadai seAppalachia, apo madhiragi akadai oxycontin anonzi "hillbilly heroin" -kuwedzera kwemaoko heroin kushandiswa kwakataurwa mumakore achangopfuura nehutano uye vashandi vezvemitemo.
- Mashoko Akanyanya Pamusoro paHerodini
Zvimwe zvinokonzera kushandiswa kweheroin zvinokanganisa uye zvinogona kuwedzerwa. - Migumisiro yehutano hwaHerinini
Heroin inokanganisa hutachiona hwehutano hunenge huri pakarepo. - Inowanzobvunzwa mibvunzo Pamusoro paHerinini
Sei vashandi vari pangozi yeAIDS? Ndezvipi zvirwere zve heroin zvinodhaka? - Heroin Photo Gallery
Mifananidzo inoratidza kuonekwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana e heroin
Kubatsirwa
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti wakagadzirisa dambudziko nemishonga kana iwe unotenda iwe uri muropa, iwe haufaniri kutarisana nayo iwe pachako. Unogona kuwana rubatsiro. Kune zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa zvinowanikwa kuti zvikubatsire kukanda tsika yacho uye uwane simba pamusoro pehupenyu hwako. Iwe unogona kutsvaga kutsvaga kurapwa kwemhizha kana kubatana neboka rinotsigira rutsigiro.
Kana iwe wakatorega kushandisa madhiragi, ungada kuona mazano edu ekuti tiramba takachena uye sober .
Kunobva:
Rocky Mountain High Intensity Chirwere Chekutengesa Zvinodhaka. " Kubvumidzwa kweMarijuana muColorado: The Impact ." Executive Summary September 2016
Kudhakwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration. "Kushandiswa Kwezvinhu Zvikuru uye Zviratidzo Zvoutano Muhutano muUnited States: Zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Survey 2015 pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka uye Utano." 8 Svondo 2016