Biopsychology ibazi rezvepfungwa rinotsanangura kuti uropi, neurotransmitter, uye zvimwe zvipi zvehupenyu hwedu hunochinja maitiro edu, pfungwa, uye manzwiro edu. Iyi munda wepfungwa inowanzotaurwa nemazita akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira biopsychology, physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, uye psychobiology. Biopsychologists kazhinji vanotarisa kuti maitiro ehupenyu anobatana sei nemanzwiro, maitiro, uye mamwe maitiro ekufunga.
Munda we biopsychology unobatanidza nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana, kusanganisira kufanana kwepfungwa uye kushanduka kwepfungwa.
Nhoroondo Pfupfupi
Kunyange zvazvo biopsychology inogona kuonekwa sekuvandudzika kwekupedzisira nekuda kwekuiswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zana uye teknolojia yekuongorora uropi, midzi yemunda yakadzoka shure kwezviuru zvemakore kusvika panguva yevaya mafirosofi. Apo isu iye zvino tinofunga pfungwa nepfungwa zvakafanana, mafilosofi uye magweta epfungwa vanogara vachikakavadzana chaizivikanwa sechinetso mupfungwa / mumuviri. Mune mamwe mazwi, vazivi uye vamwe vanofunga vaishamisika kuti ukama hwaiva chii pakati penyika mupfungwa uye nyika chaiyo.
Philosophers 'Views
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokuyeuka ndechekuti ichangobva kuitika munhau yevanhu iyo vanhu vauya kuzonzwisisa nzvimbo chaiyo yepfungwa. Aristotle, somuenzaniso, akadzidzisa kuti pfungwa dzedu nemanzwiro edu zvakabva pamwoyo.
VaGreece vanofunga saHippocrates uye gare gare Plato akaratidza kuti uropi ndiko kwaive nepfungwa uye kuti yakashanda sechinhu chekufunga kwose nekuita.
Gare gare vafunge vakadai saRene Descartes naLeonardo da Vinci vakataura zvinyorwa pamusoro pokuti nzira yehutano yakashanda sei. Kunyange zvazvo idzi dzidziso dzepakutanga dzakazoratidza kuti dzakashata, dzakagadzirisa pfungwa inokosha yokuti kunze kwekusimudzira kunogona kutungamirira kumushure mhinduro.
Izvo zvaiva Descartes uyo akajekesa pfungwa yemafungiro, kunyange zvazvo gare gare vaongorori vakaratidza kuti yaiva mutsara wepelinha uyo wakaita basa rakakosha mumishumo iyi.
The Link With Human Behavior
Vatsvakurudzi vakavawo nehanya nekunyatsonzwisisa kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupi zvakaronga sei maitiro evanhu. Chimwe chiedza chekutanga chekuzvinzwisisa izvi chakaita kuti kuve nekugadzirwa kwepseudoscience inozivikanwa seprenology . Maererano nemaonero aya, humwe hutano hunogona kuenzaniswa nehuputi uye kudonhedzwa kweuropi iyo inogona kunzwika pamusoro pehenya.
Kunyange zvazvo frenology yakave yakakurumbira, yakakurumidza kubudiswa nevamwe vasayendisiti. Zvisinei, pfungwa yokuti dzimwe nhengo dzouropi dzakabatanidzwa mune mamwe mabasa akaitwa basa rinokosha pakuvandudzwa kwekutsvakurudza kwehupi munguva yemberi.
Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa yaPineas Gage , mushandi wezvitima uyo akatambura kukuvadza kweuropi, akavewo nemagumisiro kumanzwisisiro atinoita kuti kukanganisa kune dzimwe nhengo dzouropi zvingakanganisa maitiro uye kushanda.
Kutsvaga Kutsva
Kubva pane izvo zvinoitika pakutanga, vatsvakurudzi vakaramba vachiita zviitiko zvinokosha pamusoro pekuti huro uhwu hunoita sei uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hunoita sei.
Kutsvakurudza pamusoro pekushanduka-shanduka, kugona kwehuropi hunoita basa, neurons , uye neurotransmitters zvakasimudzira kunzwisisa kwedu pamusoro pekuti nzira dzehupenyu dzinobatsira sei mafungiro, manzwiro , uye maitiro.
Kana iwe uchifarira mundima ye biopsychology, zvino zvakakosha kuva nekunzwisisa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu pamwe chete nehutachiona hwehutachiona uye hwehutano. Zvitatu zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zvinonzwisisika ndezvehuropi, hurongwa hwekutya, neurotransmitters.
The Brain and Nervous System
Inonzi central nervous system inoumbwa neuropi uye musipinha. Chikamu chekunze cheropi chinozivikanwa se cerebral cortex.
Ichi chikamu cheropi chinokonzera kushanda mu cognition, manzwiro, ruzivo rwemotokari, uye manzwiro .
Uropi hunove nemakumbo mana:
- Lobe Pamberi: Chikamu ichi cheuropi chinosanganikwa mune unyanzvi hwemotokari, yepamusoro lever cognition, uye inyanzvi mutauro.
- Occipital Lobe: Chikamu ichi cheuropi chinobatanidzwa mukududzira maonero ekuona uye ruzivo.
- Parietal Lobe: Chikamu ichi cheuropi chinobatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kwemashoko ane ruzivo rwemashoko akafanana nekumanikidzwa, kubata, uye kurwadziwa uyewo mamwe mabasa akawanda.
- Nguva Yechebe: Ichi chikamu cheropi chinobatanidzwa mukududzirwa kwemashoko uye mutauro watinonzwa, kugadziridza chiyeuchidzo, uyewo mamwe mabasa.
Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chegadziriro yehutano ndiyo inoratidzira nhere system , iyo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri:
- Iyo motokari (efferent) kugoverana kunobatanidza hutachiona hwehutachiona hunosvika kumisungo nemafosheni.
- Iyo inonzwa (yakabatana) yakatakura inotakura mhando dzose dzeruzivo rwekunzwisisa kune imwe nheyo yenheyo.
Pane chimwe chikamu chehurongwa hwemagandanga unozivikanwa sehurumende inotyisa , iyo inodzora nzira dzekutengesa zvakadai sekushaya moyo, kufema, uye ropa. Pane zvikamu zviviri zvehurongwa hwehutongi hwehutongi:
- Netsitsi inotyisa , iyo inotungamirira "kurwisana kana kutiza ndege" . Izvi zvinogadzirira muviri kuti upindure kune ngozi munharaunda.
- Izvo zvinoshungurudza zvirwere zvinoshandiswa kuita kuti muviri wako udzokere kune imwe nzvimbo yezororo uye unotonga hurongwa hwakafanana nekudya.
Neurotransmitters
Uyewo zvinokosha mumunda we biopsychology ndezvezviito zvevadzidzisi vemhepo . Neurotransmitters inotakura mashoko pakati peeurons uye inoita kuti mishonga yemakemikari inotumirwa kubva kune imwe chikamu chemuviri kuenda kune uropi, uye pamwe chete.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana eurotransmitter anokanganisa muviri nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, neurotransmitter dopamine inobatanidzwa mukufamba nekudzidza. Kunyanya kudarika dopamine kwakabatanidzwa nezvinetso zvepfungwa zvakadai schizophrenia, nepo dopamine shoma shoma inosanganiswa nechirwere chePalinson. Bhiopsychologist inogona kuongorora nhengo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeurotransmitter kuti dziongorore migumisiro yehupenyu hwevanhu.
Career Opportunities in Biopsychology
Kana iwe uchifarira basa mune zvebiopsychology, iwe unenge uine zvisarudzo zvishoma zvakasiyana. Vamwe vanopinda mumhando iyi yemunda vanosarudza kushanda pakutsvakurudza kwavanogona kushanda payunivhesiti, kambani yezvinodhaka, sangano rehurumende, kana imwe mhizha. Vamwe vanosarudza kushanda nevarwere kuti vabatsire avo vakaona rudzi rwehutano hwehuropi kana chirwere chakakonzera maitiro avo nekushanda kwavo.
Zvinotevera ndezvishoma zvedzidzo zvekushanda izvo zvakabatana ne biopsychology:
- Kuenzanisa Pfungwa yePfungwa : Inotarisa maitiro ezvisikwa zvakasiyana uye anozvifananidza kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuvanhu.
- Evolutionary Psychologist: Inotsvaga zvigadziriswe zvekushandura.
- Maitiro Neuroscientist: Anotsanangura kuti huropi, nervous system, uye dzimwe nhengo dzinochinja sei maitiro.
- Neurologist: Anobata varwere vane utano kana zvirwere zvinokanganisa uropi uye manhu.
- Cognitive Neuroscientist: Ongorora maitiro europi uye maitiro ekutsvakurudza manzwiro anoita vanhu, kudzidza, uye kugadzirisa zvinetso.
Shoko Rinobva
Biopsychology inomirira imwe yenzira dzinokosha dzekufunga nezvepfungwa. Iyi maonero muhutano hwepfungwa yakabvumira vatsvakurudzi kuwana ruzivo rukuru rwehutano hwehupi nehutachiona hunochinja hutsika hwevanhu.
Nokudzidza zvakajairika uropi pamwe chete uye kuti hutano hwehupfungwa nekukuvara hunochinja sei maitiro, manzwiro, nemafungiro, vatsvakurudzi vanokwanisa kuuya nenzira itsva dzekutarisa zvinetso zvinogona kubuda.
> Sources:
> Kalat, JW. Biological Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Kudzidza; 2013.
> Klein, SB & Thorne, BM. Biological Psychology. New York: Worth Worth Publishers; 2007.