"Chimwe chezviitiko zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye zvinoshamisa zveiye anotanga mukuongorora vana ndeyokuwana kunyange kunyange vana vaduku vane simba rekunzwisisa, iro rinowanzokura kupfuura iro revakuru." - Melanie Klein
Upenyu Hwokutanga hwaMelanie Klein
Melanie Klein, anonyanya kuzivikanwa nekutamba mahara uye hukama hukama, akaberekwa March 30, 1882, uye akafa musi waSeptember 22, 1960.
Akaberekwa Melanie Anozodzokera kuVienna, Austria, chido chake chokutanga chaiva chokupinda kuchikoro chezvokurapa. Akazoroorwa naArthur Klein pazera remakore makumi mana nemashanu, akapinda muchiitiko chechidiki kuVienna University, uye akava nevana vaviri, Melitta (1904) naHans (1907). Mhuri yacho yaifamba kazhinji nekuda kwebasa romurume wake, asi pakupedzisira yakagara muBudapest muna 1910. Akava nemwana wake wechitatu, Eric, mugore ra1914.
Basa raMelanie Klein
Paaiva muBudapest, akatanga kudzidza nea psychoanalyst Sandor Ferenczi uyo akamukurudzira kuti afungisise vana vake. Kubva mubasa raKlein, nzira inozivikanwa sekuti 'play therapy' yakatanga uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi muma psychotherapy.
Akasangana naSigmund Freud kokutanga mu1918 International Psycho-Analytic Congress muBudapest, iyo yakamukurudzira kuti anyore pepa rake rekutanga repfungwa, "Kuvandudza Mwana." Chiitiko ichi chakasimbisa kufarira kwake mupfungwa yepfungwa uye, mushure mekupera kwekuroorana kwake muna 1922, pakupedzisira akazotamira kuBerlin kuti ashande nemunhu anonzi psychoanalyst ainzi Karl Abraham.
Klein's play technique yakarwisana nekutenda kwaAna Freud kuti vana vaisagona kushaya pfungwa dzepfungwa. Iyo nharo yakakonzera kukakavadzana kukuru mukati mepfungwa dzepfungwa, zvichiita kuti vazhinji mukati memagariro epa psychoanalytic vatore nhengo munharo hurukuro. Freud akashora pachena pachena pfungwa dzaKlein nekushayikwa kwechikoro chepamusoro.
Klein akarwisana nekuora mwoyo mukati mehupenyu hwake uye zvakakanganiswa nekufa kwekutanga kwehanzvadzi mbiri uye muna 1933 rufu rwemwanakomana wake mukuru. Akanyora mapepa akawanda e-psychoanalytic pamusoro pehurukuro, achireva kuora mwoyo kwekusagadziriswa kwehutano hwehuduku.
Mipiro yaMelanie Klein kuMapfungwa
Melanie Klein akaita zvakakosha pakuvandudza pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoisa mukukura kwevanhu mukati mehupenyu hwose. Kubwinya zviri pachena nguva yekuchinja kukuru, asi vanhu vanoramba vachikura nekukura munguva yevakuru, vezera remakore, uye nemakore ekure. Muchikamu chino, dzidza zvakawanda nezvemashoko kusanganisira kukura kwevana, kukura kweunyanzvi, kukura kwekuziva uye kugona kwekuita.
Klein inotamba nzira yekurapa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi. Kusimbiswa kwake pamusoro pebasa raamai nevana uye hukama hwevanhu pahutano hwakagadzirwawo hwakakosha zvikuru mune zvepfungwa.
Melanie Klein Publications
- The Psychoanalysis of Children (1932)
- Contributions to Psychoanalysis, 1921-1945 (1948)
- Nhoroondo yeChichero Chekuwana (1961)
- Nyika Yedu Yekare uye Zvimwe Zviitiko (1963)
References:
Grosskurth, P. (1986). Melanie Klein Nyika Yake neMabasa Ake. New York: Random House.
Segal, H. (1979). Melanie Klein. New York: Viking Press.