Maonero aSagmund Freud pamusoro pevakadzi akakurudzira kukakavara panguva yehupenyu hwake uye anoramba achiita kuti nharo huru dzivepo nhasi. "Vakadzi vanopikisa shanduko, vanogamuchira passively, uye havawedzeri chinhu chavo," akanyora mubhuku ra1925 rine musoro unoti "Maitiro ePsychical Anatomic Pakati Pepabonde."
Donna Stewart, MD, purofesa uye sachigaro hwehutano hwevakadzi kuYunivhesiti Health Network, akatsanangura, "Freud aiva murume wenguva dzake.
Akarwisana nechisununguko chekusunungurwa kwevakadzi uye aidavira kuti hupenyu hwevakadzi hwaive hwakatungamirirwa nekuita kwavo zvepabonde. "
"Mubvunzo mukuru usina kumbopindurwa, uye izvo zvandisati ndakwanise kupindura, pasinei nemakore makumi matatu ekutsvakurudza mumudzimai wechikadzi, ndezvekuti 'Chii chinodiwa nemukadzi?'" Freud kamwe yakasungwa mu "Sigmund Freud: Upenyu Nebasa "naErnest Jones.
Freud Inotendwa Vakadzi Vanoziva Penis Chido
Chigumbu chePenis ndechechikadzi we Freud's concept of castration anxiety. Mune pfungwa yake yekufunga nezvepfungwa dzepfungwa, Freud akarayira kuti panguva yepallic (gore rinenge makore 3 kusvika ku5) vasikana vaduku vanozvitsaura kubva kunaamai vavo uye panzvimbo yavo vanopa zvido zvavo kumadzibaba avo.
Maererano naFrud, izvi zvinoitika apo musikana anoziva kuti haana peni. "Vasikana vanotora amai vavo vachiita basa ravo nekuda kwekushaya kwavo chirume uye musamuregerere nekuda kwekudaro vakaiswa mukutadza," Freud akarayira (1933).
Kunyange zvazvo Freud aidavira kuti kuwanikwa kwake kwakagadzirwa neOedipal uye kwakabatana nedzidziso dzakadai sekunyanya kuzvidya mwoyo uye pfini godo ndizvo zvaakakwanisa kuita, idzi dzidziso idzi dzinogona kunge dzakatsoropodzwa. Vakadzi vechidiki vepfungwa vakadai saKaren Horney nevamwe vanofunga nezvevakadzi vanofananidza pfungwa dzake sechinhu chakaipa uye chinoderedza.
Inyanzvi yepopotendi kumatanho eOedipal is complex Electra .
Nzira dzakawanda dzeFurud dzeNzira dzakasimuka kubva murapi yake yeHysteria
Freud's revolutionary talk therapy yakagadzirwa muchikamu kubva mubasa rake naBertha Pappenheim, anozivikanwa saAna O. Kutambura kubva pane izvo zvaizonzi sa hysteria , akawana zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvaisanganisira mazano, amnesia, uye kupora zvishoma.
Munguva dzenguva nemumwe wavanoshanda navo Freud, Joseph Bruer, Pappenheim vakatsanangura manzwiro ake uye zvakaitika kwaari. Izvi zvakaita sekunoderedza zviratidzo zvaro, izvo zvakamuita kuti abvise nzira iyo "kutaura chirwere." Pappenheim akapfuurira kuva musangano wehupfumi uye akaita zvipo zvakakosha kumusangano wevakadzi muGermany.
Pakutanga, Freud akakurudzira kuti zvikonzero zvinokonzera hysteria zvakagadzirirwa mukushungurudzwa kwepabonde kwevana. Akazosiya chirevo ichi uye panzvimbo pacho akasimbisa basa rekufunga zvepabonde mukuvandudzika kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvirwere uye zvirwere.
"Kunzwisisa kwake kwevakadzi kwakanga kusina kukwana, asi akaita matanho makuru kupfuura izvo zvainzwisiswa pamusoro pevakadzi paakauya panzvimbo.Iyo yakanga isingawanzozivikanwi munguva ya Freud kunyange kubvuma kuti vakadzi vane chido chepabonde, zvakanyanya kutaura kuti kudzvinyirirwa kwechishuvo chavo chepabonde kunogona kuita kuti vanyengere, "akatsanangura kudaro munyori wenhau dzakaitika Peter Gay.
Ndivanaani Vaiva Vakadzi Muupenyu hwa Freud?
Kunyange zvazvo Freud aiwanzoti haana kunzwisisa zvishoma zvevakadzi, vakadzi vazhinji vaiita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwake hwega. Freud ndiye aiva amai vake vakura (baba vake vaiva nevanakomana vaviri vakwegura kubva kumuchato wepakutanga) uye kazhinji akatsanangurwa seanonyanya kuda.
"Ndakaona kuti vanhu vanoziva kuti vanofarirwa kana kuti vanofarirwa naamai vavo vanopa uchapupu muupenyu hwavo hwekuzvitarisira kwakasimba uye kusatendeseka kusingagadziki kunowanzoita kuti kubudirira kwechokwadi kune avo vane," Freud akambotaura.
Ukama hwaFrud nemudzimai wake, Marita, hwakange huri tsika.
"Aive akanaka kwazvo hausfrau (amai veimba)," akatsanangura muzukuru wake, Sophie Freud. "Akanga achinyanyisa uye baba vangu vaizoti mai vake vaida kutyisa mhuri yose pane kurasa zvokudya."
Freud akakurira nehanzvadzi dzakawanda uye akazova baba vevanakomana vatatu nevanasikana vatatu, kusanganisira Anna Freud , uyo akaita basa guru pakuita basa rababa vake.
Vakakosha Vakadzi mu Psychoanalysis
Kunyange zvazvo Freud akarondedzera vakadzi sevashoma kune varume, vakadzi vakawanda vakabatsira pakukura uye kufambira mberi kwepfungwa. Mukadzi wokutanga kubatana naFreud waVienna Psychoanalytic Society aiva Helene Deutsch muna 1918. Akabudisa bhuku rekutanga repfungwa nezvehupombwe hwevakadzi uye akanyora zvakanyanya pane nyaya dzakadai sepfungwa yevakadzi, hucheche hwekuyaruka, uye amai.
Nhengo yemapfungwa psychoanalyst (uye inofungidzirwa kuti Carl Jung's one-time lover) Sabina Spielrein aivewo nechinonyanya kukosha pakukura kwepfungwaanalysis. Aimbova mumwe wevarwere vaJung. Mumakore okutanga ehukama hweFrud naJung, varume vaviri vakapedza nguva yakawanda vachikurukura nyaya yaSpielrein iyo yakabatsira kusimbisa maonero avo mazhinji. Spielrein pachake anozivikanwawo nekukudziridza pfungwa yehupenyu hwekufa uye nekuunza psychoanalysis muRussia.
Psychoanalyst Karen Horney akava mumwe wevatsoropodzi vekutanga kwemaonero aFrud pamusoro pevakadzi vepfungwa. Melanie Klein akava nhengo yakakurumbira yemagariro evanhu vomunharaunda uye akagadzira nzira iyo inozivikanwa se "play therapy, iyo inoshandiswa zvikuru mazuva ano." Uyezve, mwanasikana wake, Anna Freud, akaita basa rinokosha pakufambisa vazhinji vezvidzidzo zvababa vake uye vakapa zvikuru kumwana psychoanalysis.
Zvimwe Zvinopesana Maonero
Hazvishamisi kuti mamwe mazita anokosha mukupfungwa kwepfungwa aiva nemhinduro dzavo kune Freud dzisina kukwana uye kazhinji dzinokuvadza kutora pfungwa dzevakadzi. Karen Horney akanga ari mumwe akatsoropodza, achitora pfungwa yaFreud yepenisoni negodo uye achizvipa iye oga kutora pfungwa dzevarume. Kunyange muzukuru waFeuddha pachake aizotanga kupa kutsoropodza hama yake yakakurumbira.
Karen Horney: Mhedziso yeFrud yekunyengera kwepeni yakatsoropodzwa panguva yake, kunyanya neavo psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Akaratidza kuti varume ndivo vanokanganiswa nekushaya kwavo kubereka vana, izvo zvaaiti "chibereko cheshungu."
Freud's Response: Freud akapindura, kunyange zvazvo zvisina kujeka, kunyora, "Hatingazoshamiswi kwazvo kana muongorori wechikadzi asina kumbogutsikana zvakakwana nehuwandu hwechido chake chepenisi anokundikanawo kuisa kukosha kwakakodzera kune ichocho maari varwere "(Freud, 1949). Maererano naFeudud, pfungwa yaHorney yechivako chegodo yakabuda semugumisiro weavo vanofunga kuti mhonje.
Sophie Freud: Kunyange zvazvo maonero aFrud ehupombwe kazhinji aipesana nemafungiro emadzibaba echizvarwa chaVa Victorian, akanga achiri murume mukuru munguva yake. Basa rake rinowanzotorwa semosogynistic uye muzukuru wake, Sophie Freud, akatsanangura zvinyorwa zvake sezvisingagumi. "Mazano ake akakura kubva munzanga." Akaratidza mumashandisirwo ake chivimbo chokuti vakadzi vaive vechipiri uye vakanga vasiri tsika uye havana kunyatsokwana kusvika kune zvakasikwa, "akatsanangura kudaro.
Mifungo Yokupedzisira: Kunyange Freud pachake akabvuma kuti kunzwisisa kwake kwevakadzi kwaiva kwakakwana. "Ndizvo zvose zvandinofanira kutaura kwamuri pamusoro pevakadzi," akanyora muna 1933. "Icho hachina kukwana uye chakasiyana uye hachisi nguva dzose chine ushamwari ... Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pehukadzi, bvunzisisa pane zvakaitika kwauri hupenyu, kana kutendeukira kune vanyori, kana kumirira kusvikira sayenzi inogona kukupa iwe hukuru uye humwe ruzivo rwemashoko. "
Kunzwisisa Freud's Views Nhasi
Nhasi, vaongorori vakawanda vanoratidza kuti panzvimbo pokuramba dzidziso dzaFrud zvakananga, isu tinofanira kufungidzira mukuvandudza maonero matsva pamaonero ake epakutanga. Sezvo mumwe munyori akati, "Freud akadzokorora maonero ake kakawanda sezvaakaunganidza deta idzva uye akawana zvinyorwa zvitsva.Vanyori vemazuva ano havafaniri kuita zvishoma."
Sources:
> Freud, S. Zvimwe Migumisiro yePfungwa dzeMaparadzano eAnatomical Pakati Pepabonde, mu Strachey, J. (Eds), The Standard Standard yePeople Psychological Works yaSigmond Freud. 19 . London: The Hogarth Press, mapeji241-60; 1925.
> Freud, S. Nhepfenyuro Itsva Inotenderera pa Psychoanalysis. New York: Norton. (Yakashandurwa neWJH Sprott); 1933.
> Freud, S. Anotaurirana wePyychoanalysis. New York: Norton; 1949.
> Jones, E. (1953). Upenyu nebasa raSigmund Freud. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
> Sayers, J. (1991). Amai vePychoanalysis. New York: WW Norton.