Nhoroondo, maitiro, uye zvitendero kuburikidza nemakore
Kunyange zvazvo pasina munhu mumwe chete anokwanisa kurumbidzwa nekuwana kuora mwoyo, pane kereke dzakawanda dzevangariro dzakawanda vakapa-uye vanoramba vachipa-kupa kunzwisisa kwedu kukura kweicho chinonzi chirwere ichi. Heino muongorori wemashoko ekuderedza.
Nhoroondo dzekare kare yekuora mwoyo
Nhoroondo dzekutanga kare dzezvatinoziva iye zvino sekuora mwoyo kwakaonekwa mu wechipiri chemireni BC
muMesopotamiya. Mune zvinyorwa izvi, kuora mwoyo kwakakurukurwa sekunamata pane kushaya muviri, pamwe nawo, pamwe nemamwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, kufungidzirwa sekukonzerwa nemadhimoni. Sezvo zvakadaro, yakarongedzwa nevapristi panzvimbo pane vanachiremba.
Mhedziso yekuora mwoyo sekukonzerwa nemadhimoni nemweya yakaipa yave iri mumitauro yakawanda, kusanganisira vaGiriki vekare, vaRoma, vaBhabhironi, vaChinese, nevaEgipita, uye vaiwanzobatwa nenzira dzakadaro sekurohwa, kudzivirirwa, uye kushaya nzara mukuedza kuti adzinge madhimoni. VaGiriki vekare neVaRoma, zvisinei, vakange vari pfungwa mbiri panyaya iyi, uye vanachiremba vakawanda vachifunga kuti iri chirwere chepanyama uye chepfungwa. Ava vanachiremba vakashandisa nzira dzokurapa dzakadai sejymnastics, massage, kudya, mimhanzi, mabhati, uye mishonga inobatanidzwa mumapoppy uye mukaka wembongoro kuti vabate varwere vavo.
Zvitendero zvekare-kare mune zvepfungwa zvinokonzera kuora mwoyo
Nezvokukonzera kwepanyama, chiremba wechiGiriki anonzi Hippocrates anonzi ane pfungwa yokuti kuora mwoyo, kana kuti melancholia sezvazvaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo, kwakakonzerwa nekusawirirana mumvura ina yemutumbi, inonzi mavambo: yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, neropa .
Kunyanya, melancholia yainzi inodarika yakawanda yebii bile mu spleen. Hippocrates 'mishonga yekusarudza yaisanganisira kuisa ropa, mabhati, muviri, uye kudya.
Mumwe muzivi wechiRoma uye mutongi wenyika anonzi Cicero, zvakasiyana, vaifunga kuti melancholia yakakonzerwa nehupfungwa dzepfungwa dzakadai sehasha, kutya, uye kuchema.
Mumakore ekupedzisira nguva isati yamboitika, kutenda kwakakurumbira pakati pevakadzidza vaRoma ndiko kuora mwoyo uye zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa zvakakonzerwa nemadhimoni uye nekutsamwa kwevanamwari.
Kushungurudzika Kunokonzera uye Kurapa muNowan Era
Koneriyasi Celsus (25 BC-AD 50) anorondedzerwa seanorayira marapirwo akaoma zvikuru ekushaya nzara, kumanikidzwa, nekurova mumamiriro ekurwara kwepfungwa. Mumwe chiremba wePezhiya anonzi Rhazes (AD 865-925), zvisinei, akaona chirwere chepfungwa sechichibva muuropi uye akakurudzira kurapwa kwakadaro semabhati uye chirongwa chekare chekuita maitiro chinosanganisira mibayiro yakanaka yekuita kwakakodzera.
Munguva yeMiddle Ages, chitendero, kunyanya chiKristu, chakakonzera kufunga kweEurope pamusoro peswere chepfungwa, nevanhu zvakare vachizvipira kuna dhiyabhori, madhimoni kana varoyi. Kuita zvisakarurama, kunyura, uye kupisa kwaive kurapa kwakakurumbira kwenguva. Vakawanda vakavharwa mu "lunatic maigara." Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanachiremba vakaramba vachitsvaka zvinokonzera kuora mwoyo uye zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, ivo vaiva vashomanana.
Munguva yeRenaissance, iyo yakatanga muzana remakore rechi14 Italy uye yakapararira muEurope yose munguva yezana remakore rechi16 nerechi17, kuvhima varoyi uye kuurayiwa kwevanorwara mupfungwa zvakaramba zvakadaro; zvisinei, vamwe vanachiremba vakanga vachidzokorora pfungwa yehutano hwepfungwa kuva nechisikirwo panzvimbo pane chinokonzerwa nechisikigo.
Mugore ra1621, Robert Burton akabudisa bhuku rainzi Anatomy of Melancholy umo akarondedzera zvose zvinokonzera zvehupfumi uye zvepfungwa zvekuora mwoyo zvakadai sehurombo, kutya, uye kusurukirwa. Muchikamu ichi, akaita zvirongwa zvakadai sezvokudya, kurovedza muviri, kufamba, purgatives (kubvisa tsvina kubva mumuviri), kuisa ropa, maruva, uye mimhanzi inoporesa mukurapa kuora mwoyo.
Mazana emakore 18 ne1900
Munguva yezana remakore rechi18 ne19, iro rainziwo Age of Enlightenment, kushushikana kwakasvika pakuonekwa sekusava nesimba muhutano hwakagara nhaka uye hahugoni kuchinjwa, pamwe nemafungiro akazoitika kuti vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanofanira kudziviswa kana kuvharwa.
Munguva yekupedzisira yeEge of Enlightenment, vanachiremba vakatanga kuratidza pfungwa yokuti utsinye hwakanga huri pamidzi yeiyo mamiriro. Mishonga yakadai sekurovedza muviri, kudya, mimhanzi, uye zvinodhaka zvaive zvinosimudzirwa uye vanachiremba vakaratidza kuti zvakakosha kutaura pamusoro pezvinetso zvako neshamwari dzako kana chiremba. Vamwe vanachiremba vakataura nezvekuora mwoyo sekukonzerwa nekukakavadzana kwepakati pezvaunoda uye izvo iwe unoziva zvakanaka. Uye vamwe vakatsvaga kuziva kuti chii chinokonzera chiitiko ichi.
Kurapa kwepfungwa munguva yeChiedza chekujekesa kunosanganisira kubhabhatidzwa mumvura (vanhu vaichengetwa pasi pemvura kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira pasina kunyura) uye hombodo inobhururuka kuita kuti uve nechezheni, iyo yaitendwa kuisa uropi mukati memaitiro avo akakodzera. Benjamin Franklin anozivikanwawo kuti akave nehutano hwekutanga ye electroshock therapy munguva ino. Mukuwedzera, kutasva mabhiza, kudya, maemas, uye kurutsira kwakakurudzirwa kurapwa.
Mhemberero Ichangobva Kuitika Pamusoro pekudengenyeka
Muna 1895, wechipatara wechiGermany Emil Kraepelin akava wokutanga kusiyanisa manic kudengenyeka , izvo zvatinoziva iye zvino se bipolar disorder, sechirwere chakaparadzaniswa nehutano hwema-dementio (izwi rechichichiphrenia nenguva). Munharaunda imwecheteyo, pfungwa dzepfungwa uye psychoanalysis -rudzi rwechirwere chepfungwa maererano nemano aya-dzakagadzirwa.
Muna 1917, Sigmund Freud akanyora pamusoro pekuchema uye melancholia kwaakagara ataura pamusoro pe melancholia sekupindura kwekurasikirwa, kana kuti chaiye (somuenzaniso, rufu) kana kuenzanisira (kusakwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chinoda). Freud anoramba achitenda kuti kutsamwa kwevanhu kusingazivi pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwake kunounza kuzvivenga uye kuzvizvivadza. Akafunga kuti kushaya pfungwa kwepfungwa kunogona kubatsira munhu kugadzirisa kusawirirana uku kusingazivi, kuderedza pfungwa dzinoparadza uye maitiro. Vamwe vanachiremba munguva ino, zvisinei, vakaona kuora mwoyo sechirwere chepfungwa.
Mishonga yekudzvinyirira muneiyo yapfuura yapfuura
Pakazosvika makore zana nemakore ekutanga kwemazana makumi maviri nemazana emakore, kurapwa kwekuora mwoyo kwakawanda kwakanga kusina kukwana kubatsira varwere, zvichiita kuti vanhu vakawanda vatsvega kubatsirwa kuti vave nehutera, izvo zvinoshandiswa kuparadza chikamu chekutanga cheropi. Izvozvi kuvhiyiwa kwairemekedzwa kuva ne "kunyaradza". Zvinosuruvarisa, maitiro ekutora anowanzokonzera hupenyu hunochinja, kurasika kwekugadzirisa zvisarudzo, kusaruramisira, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kutungamirira kurufu rwerwere. Electroconvulsive therapy , iyo inoshandiswa magetsi inoshandiswa kumucheto kuitira kuti inobata kubatwa, uye dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kuvarwere vane kuora mwoyo.
Munguva dzema1950 uye makore makumi matanhatu, vanachiremba vakapatsanura kuora mwoyo mukati me " subpopes " ye " endogenous " (inobva mumuviri) uye "neurotic" kana "reactive" (inobva kune dzimwe shanduko mumhepo). Kushungurudzika kwenguva refu kwakafungidzirwa kuti kunokonzerwa neve genetics kana chimwe chiremara chemuviri, nepo chirwere chemaurotic kana chechigadzikana chekuora mwoyo chakatenda kuti ndicho chikonzero cheimwe dambudziko kunze kwekufa kana kurasika kwebasa.
Ima1950 yaiva yemakore gumi anokosha mukurapa kuora mwoyo nekuda kwekuti vanachiremba vakacherechedza kuti chirwere chinonzi tuberculosis chinonzi isoniazid chakaita sechinobatsira pakurapa kuora mwoyo kune vamwe vanhu. Apo kurapwa kwepfungwa kwaimbove yakangotarisa chete pamapfungwa, mapirisa emishonga iye zvino akatanga kushandiswa uye akawedzerwa kune musanganiswa. Mukuwedzera, zvikoro zvitsva zvekufunga, zvakadai sekuziva-kugadzirisa-tsika uye tsika dzemhuri dzidziso dzakabuda semashandisirwo ekugadzirisa pfungwa dzepfungwa mune kuora mwoyo.
Kunzwisisa Kwatinoita Kuora Mwoyo Nhasi
Parizvino, kuora mwoyo kunofungidzirwa kubuda kubva mukubatanidzwa kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, kusanganisira biological, psychological, uye zvehutano zvinhu. Psychotherapy uye mishonga inoshandura ma molecules anonzi neurotransmitter inowanzotarisirwa kurapwa, kunyange chirongwa che electroconvulsive chingashandiswa pane dzimwe nguva, zvakadai sekurapa kusingagadziriswi kana kuti zviitiko zvakakomba apo kununurwa kwakakurumidza kunodiwa.
Zvimwe, zvitsva, kurapa, kusanganisira transcranial magnetic stimulation uye vagus nerve stimulation , zvakare yakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura mukuedza kubatsira avo vakakundikana kupindura kurapwa nemishonga, sezvo, zvinosuruvarisa, zvikonzero zvinokonzera kuora mwoyo zvakaoma kupfuura isu tichiri kunzwisisa, pasina kana kusarudzwa kumwe chete kunopa migumisiro inogutsa kune wese.
Sources:
The Economist. Kushungurudzika Kupfuura Mazera: Kurwisana Kwemhepo. Yakabudiswa naMay 26, 2012. The Economist Newspaper Limited.
Utano. Hysteria, Madhimoni, uye Zvimwe: Kushungurudzika Munhoroondo Yose. Health Media Ventures. Inc.
Nemade R, Reiss NS, Dombeck M. "Major Depression and Other Unipolar Depressions MentalHelp.net, CenterSite, LLC, Sober Media Group.