Kunyatsotarisisa Nhema uye Nhoroondo Dzakapinza Dambudziko
Kunyange zvazvo DSM-5 yemazuva ano isingagoni kuparadzanisa unhu hwemunhu pamwe ne "akisi," narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) ichiri kuonekwa semamiriro anokosha. Iyo inoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuburitsa, pfungwa yekuwedzeresa yekuzvikoshesa, uye kusava nehanya kune vamwe. Kufanana nedzimwe mhando dzehutano hwemunhu, narcissistic hutano hwehutano hunosanganisira nguva yakareba yemaitiro ekuzvibata uye pfungwa dzinokonzera matambudziko munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu, kusanganisira basa, mhuri, uye ushamwari.
Anofungidzirwa mumwe wezana wevakuru vokuUnited States vanofungidzirwa kuva neNPD, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vane rudo, vabereki, vana, nhengo dzemhuri, vashandi pamwe chete, uye shamwari dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinokanganiswa zvakananga nehosha iyi zvakare.
Kufumura Mavambo eNarcissistic Personality Disorder
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yekureva narcissism inosvika zviuru zvemazana, narcissistic hutano hwehutano hwakangoerekana hwava kurwara kunozivikanwa mukati memakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Kuti uchinzwisise zviri nani kuti ma psychologists nevatsvakurudzi vanoona sei NPD, zvinokosha kuti uongorore zvakanyanya kuti hutano hwehu huno hwakavapo sei.
Freud uye Psychoanalytic View of Narcissism
Nhoroondo yeNarcissistic disorder inotangira kare mumagariro ekare echiGiriki. Maererano nenhema, Narcissus aiva murume akanaka uye anozvikudza. Paakaona kufungidzira kwake pamvura kwekutanga, akave akafara zvikuru zvokuti aisagona kurega kutarisa pamufananidzo wake.
Akaramba ari pamvura kusvikira asvika pakufa.
Pfungwa yekuzvidzivirira zvakanyanya yakave ichitsvakurudzwawo nevanoparidzi vemafungiro nevanofunga mumakore ose. Mukare, pfungwa yacho yaizivikanwa sehubris, mamiriro ekuzvikudza uye kuzvikudza kwakanyanya kunosanganisira kusava nekutaura neicho.
Izvo zvakanga zvisati zvamboitika munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti pfungwa yekunyunyuta sechirwere yakave yakagadziriswa nesayenzi mumunda wepfungwa .
Munguva yekutanga kwema1900, musoro we narcissism wakatanga kukwezva kufarira muchikoro chinokura chekufunga chinonzi psychoanalysis . Austrian psychoanalyst Otto Rank yakabudiswa chimwe chezvitsanangudzo zvekutanga zvekuverenga narciss in 1911, umo akazvibatanidza nazvo kuzvidzora uye zvisina maturo.
Muna 1914, zita rakakurumbira Sigmund Freud rakabudisa pepa rakanzi, On Narcissism: An Introduction. Freud akarondedzera pane zvakanyanya kuoma kunzwisisa kwepfungwa dzaakaratidza kuti narcissism inobatanidzwa kana munhu libido (simba riri mushure mekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu mumwe nomumwe) rinotungamirirwa mukati kumunhu oga, kana kunze kune vamwe. Ainzwa kuti vacheche vakatungamira zvose zve libido mukati, nyika yaakataurira sekusanganisira nhoroondo. Mutevedzeri waFeudud, pakanga pane chiyero chakatarwa chechi simba ichi, uye kusvika iyo iyo libido yakatungamirirwa kunze kune kumira kune vamwe, inogona kuderedza mari inowanikwa kune iwe pachako. Nokupa "rudo" urwu rudo, Freud akarayira kuti vanhu vakave nekuderera kunyoreswa narcissism, uye kuitira kuti vadzosezve simba iri, aifunga kuti kugamuchira rudo uye rudo mune zvenyika mukudzoka zvakakosha kuti urambe uine pfungwa yekugutsikana.
Mukuwedzera, munharaunda yaFeududhi yehuunhu, manzwiro evanhu pachake anovhurwa semwana achitaurirana nenyika yekunze uye anotanga kudzidza mitemo yehutano nemitarisiro yemitambo inoita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwakanaka, kana kuti mufananidzo wakakwana wekuti ego anoedza kusvika.
Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chehana yeFrud ndechimwe pfungwa yokuti rudo urwu rwomunhu runogona kutamirwa pane mumwe munhu kana chimwe chinhu. Nokupa rudo, Freud akakurudzira kuti vanhu vave neruzivo rwekunyoreswa kwekutanga, vachiita kuti vasakwanise kuchengeta, kudzivirira, uye kuzvidzivirira pachavo. Kuti azadzise chikwata ichi, aidavira kuti kugamuchira rudo uye rudo rwekudzoka kwakakosha.
Kuzivikanwa kweNarcissism seDambudziko
Munguva dzema1950 nema1960, psychoanalysts Otto Kernberg naHeinz Kohut vakabatsira kufarira kufarira mukurumbira. Muna 1967, Kernberg akarondedzera "narcissistic personality structure". Akaita nheyo yekureva narcissism iyo yakaratidza zvitatu zvakakura: nhoroondo yakakura ye narcissism, yakasununguka yakakura narcissism, uye narcissism inoratidzira iyo inogona kuva yemhando dzakasiyana.
Muna 1968, Kohut akasvika pakunzwisisa kwakasiyana kwe "narcissistic personality disorder" uye akaenderera mberi kutora maonero aFreud okutanga pamusoro pekunyora uye kuwedzera pamusoro pavo. Rakissism yakaita basa rinokosha munyaya yeKohut yekuzvidzivirira-kwepfungwa, iyo yakaratidza kuti narcissism yakanga iri yakakosha uye inokosha yekufambira mberi uye kuti zvinetso nekutangira "kuzvimiririra" hukama zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko mukuchengetedza pfungwa yakakwana yekuzviremekedza gare gare muhupenyu, zvichiita kuti pave nedambudziko re narcissistic.
Muna 1980, narcissistic personality disorder yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo muchechi yechitatu yeDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorder uye nzira dzakagadzirirwa kuti dziongororwe. Paiva nemakakatanwa pamusoro pekutarisana nehutano hwehutano mu DSM-5 ichangobva kuitika, asi kushungurudza uye humwe hutano hwehutambi hwakaramba husingachinje mukutsanangurira kwavo kuongororwa kubva kune yakapedzisira kushandurwa.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Illnesses , 5th edition. 2013.
> Flanagan, LM The Theory of Self in Psychology. Mu (Eds.) 1996.
> Kohut, Heinz, The Analysis of the Self. 1971.