Kunzwisisa kuti kuenzanirana IQ score kunogona kukuudza (uye zvisingagoni)
IQ, kana kuchenjera quotient, inguva yehutano hwako hwekufunga nekugadzirisa zvinetso. Icho chinonyanya kuratidza kuti iwe wakaita zvakadini pane imwe muedzo wakaenzaniswa nekuenzaniswa nevamwe vanhu vezera rako. Kunyange zvazvo miedzo inogona kusiyana, inowanikwa IQ pane dzakawanda miedzo ndeye 100, uye 68 muzana yezvikamu pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe 85 ne115.
Kunyange zvazvo IQ inogona kunge iri kunyatsogadzirisa zvinhu zvakadai sokubudirira mune zvedzidzo, nyanzvi dzinonyevera kuti haisi iyo chivimbo chehupenyu kubudirira.
Dzimwe nguva vanhu vane IQ dzakakwirira havafambi zvakanaka muupenyu, asi avo vane mavhareji eIQ vanogona kubudirira.
Avhareji IQ Scores
Kuyera kweuchenjeri kwave kwenguva refu iri nyaya inotyisa mune zvepfungwa uye dzidzo-uye nharo. Uongorori hwekuongorora ndeimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzekuongorora kwepfungwa dziri kushandiswa nhasi. Kubvira pakatanga maIQ miedzo, kuedza kuisa IQ yakatevera.
Kuti uzonzwisisa kuti chiyero cheIQ chikwata ndechei uye zvinorevei, zvinokosha kutanga kutanga kunzwisisa kuti IQ inoyerwa sei. Kunyange zvazvo vaparidzi vakasiyana-siyana vanoedza kushandisa zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kwemaIQ akawanda emazuva ano anoedza kuenzana (kana kuti kureva ) chikwata chakaiswa pa100 uye kuperevedza kwakakwana kwe 15 kuitira kuti zvikamu zvienzane nehuwandu hwekupararira kwemafuro.
- Pakawanda miedzo, chikwata chezana chinonzi chinowanikwa IQ.
- 68 muzana yezvikamu zvinowira mukati mekutsauka kwakakwana kwezvinoreva (kureva, pakati pe85 ne115). Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti inenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevanhu vose inowanikwa mukati kana kupfuura zvishoma zvishanu zvevhareji mapeji.
- 95 kubva muzana yezvikamu zvinowira mukati memaitiro maviri akaenzana (pakati pe70 ne 130). Zvipfeko kunze kwemashoko aya zvinomiririra chikamu chiduku chevanhu, izvo zvinoreva kuti vashomanana chete muzana yevanhu vane IQ yakadzika kwazvo (pasi pe70) kana kuti yepamusoro IQ (pamusoro pe 130).
- Zvikamu zviri pasi apa 70 zvinogona kureva kuvapo kwechimwe chimiro chekuremara kana kudzidza kana huwandu hunopfuura 130 hunogona kuratidza zvipo.
Kuti IQ Inoratidzirwa sei
Nhoroondo, IQ miedzo yakatorwa mune imwe yenzira mbiri. Munzira yekutanga, nguva yepfungwa yemunhu yakapatsanurwa nezera rezvakaitika panguva iyoyo uye yakawanda nemakumi zana. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira kuenzanisa zvikamu zvinopesana nezvakawanda zvevamwe mumunhu wezera rimwe chete.
Munzira iyi, psychometricians vanoshandisa nzira inozivikanwa sehutano kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuenzanisa uye kududzira zvinoreva IQ zvikoro. Izvi zvinogadziriswa kuburikidza nekupa muedzo kumuenzaniso wechimiririri uye kushandisa zvidzidzo izvi kuisa mitemo, inowanzozivikanwa semitemo, iyo iyo zvese zvidzidzo zvingaenzaniswa.
Sezvo mazana ari pakati pemakore zana, nyanzvi dzinogona kukurumidza kuongororedza chidzidzo chega chega chinopikisana nechepakati pekutsvaga kuziva kuti zvikoro izvi zvinowira papi kugoverwa.
Kuenzanisa zvirongwa zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune mumwe muparidzi kusvika kune anotevera kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vanowanzoita zvakakodzera kufanana.
- Somuenzaniso, pa Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale uye kuongorora kweStanford-Binet, zvikamu zvinowira pakati pe90 ne119 zvinoonekwa sevhisi yeIQ scores.
- Pazviedzo izvi zvakafanana, zvikamu zvinowira pakati pe 110 ne119 zvinoonekwa sepamusoro-soro yeIQ scores. Zvikamu pakati pe80 ne89 zvinorondedzerwa sepasi pakati.
Saka mune dzimwe nguva, kana iwe uchigamuchira IQ chikamu chemazana anopfuura zana, iwe une izvo zvinoonekwa sevhareji IQ. Usanetseka-uri muhukama hwakanaka. Vanhu vakawanda vanopinza mukati mekutsauka kumwechete kwechiyero ichi.
IQ Miedzo uye Kuyera kweUchenjeri
Nyanzvi dzeunyanzvi dzakagadzirirwa kuyera huchenjeri hwemhepo . Crystallized intelligence inosanganisira zivo yako uye unyanzvi hwawakawana muhupenyu hwako hwose apo huwandu hwehuchenjeri hukwanisi hwako hwekufunga, dambudziko-kugadzirisa uye kunzwisisa pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki.
Unyanzvi hwemhepo hunofungidzirwa hunozviona husingakwanisi kudzidza uye hunoita kuti urege kukura mumakore ekupedzisira.
Crystallized intelligence, kune rumwe rutivi, yakabatana zvakananga nekudzidza uye ruzivo uye inowedzera kuwedzera apo vanhu vanokura.
IQ miedzo inotungamirirwa nevanogadzirisa zvepfungwa zvepfungwa. Kune marudzi akasiyana eongororo yekuchenjera, asi akawanda anosanganisira mutsara wekunyengedza kwakagadzirirwa kuyera mano echimiro, unyanzvi hwemutauro, chiyeuchidzo, ruzivo rwekufunga uye ruzivo rwekugadzirisa hurongwa. Zvikwata pane izvi zvinokurudzirwa zvino zvinobatanidzwa kuti zvive nehuwandu hweIQ score.
Mamwe madzimai anozivikanwa zvikuru IQ anoshandiswa nhasi anosanganisira:
- I Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale kune Vakuru
- The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
- The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
- The Cognitive Assessment System
- The Differential Skility Scales
- The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nepo vanhu vanowanzotaura pamusoro pevhareji, pasi uye maonero eEG, hakuna rimwe IQ test. Miedzo yakawanda yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa mazuva ano kusanganisira yakataurwa nezvaStanford-Binet uye Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, uyewo Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Chiyero chega chega chega chinopesana maererano neicho chaicho chiri kuyerwa, kuti chinotarirwa sei, uye kuti zvidzidzo izvi zvinotsanangurwa sei.
Nharo pamusoro peIQ
Kubvira pakuvamba kwekuedzwa kwekutanga kwekuchenjera, vose vedzidzo uye armchair psychologists vakakavhiringidza kusawirirana muuchenjeri, kusanganisira kusvibiswa kwepakati peIQ uye rudzi. Mukuwedzera kune kuwirirana pakati pehutano neIQ, vanhu vakaedzawo kubatanidza kusawirirana kweIQ kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sekusiyana kwepabonde uye nyika. Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha uye chinocherechedza ndechekuti zvakakwana, IQ zvikwata zviri kuwedzera munyika yose, chimwe chinhu chinonzi Flynn.
Race uye IQ Zvikoro
Mumakore ekuma1920, US Army yakashandisa kuongorora kweIQ pakutsvaga uye yakawana kuti vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vakaratidza kusiyana kweboka pamusana weIQ scores. Kuwana kwakadaro kwakabatsira kufambisa kufamba kwe eugenics nevaya vakatsigira rusarura.
Bhuku ra1994 Bell Bell rakadzorerazve nharo uye kukakavadzana, sezvo bhuku racho rakatsigira pfungwa yokuti maonero evanhu vemadzinza akasiyana-siyana mukati mezvikoro zveIQ zvakanyanya kuwanikwa nemagumisiro. Vatsoropodzi vanoratidza kuti kusiyana kwakadaro kweboka kwakanyatsokonzerwa nekugadzirisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nharo dzakadaro pamusoro pechirudzi neIQ dzakaratidza zvekuzvarwa kwepakutanga nekukakavadzana nharo. Pane humwe unhu, unhu, uye unyanzvi hwakanyanya kunyanya kuchinjwa nejenetic kana kuti zvinokonzera zvinhu zvakasikwa? Avo vanotenda kuti rudzi urwu runogadziriswa yeIQ iri kutora rutivi rwezvakasikwa, zvichiratidza kuti kukodzera ndeyoyo inonyanya kugadzirisa yeIQ.
Zvisinei, kutsvakurudza kwakawana kuti kunyange ruzivo ruine rutivi mukugadzirisa huchenjeri, zvakatipoteredza zvinoitawo basa rinokosha. Zvimwe zvinhu izvo zvakabatanidzwa neboka zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mezvikoro zveIQ zvinosanganisira dzidzo, hutano uye chikafu, hupfumi hwehupfumi, hutano hwekuedza, uye huwandu hunoita.
Mukupindura, American Psychological Association yakagadzira boka rinokosha reboka rinotungamirirwa nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa Ulric Neisser kuti aongorore zvirevo zvakagadzirwa nebhuku racho. Havana kuwana humwe uchapupu hwakananga hwokutsigira mazita ezvinyorwa zvekuongorora mupiko kusiyana pakati pevatema nevatsvene. Pane kudaro, vakataura kuti panguva ino, hapana tsanangudzo dzinozivikanwa dzekusiyana kwakadaro.
Nationality Kusiyanisa muAverage IQ Scores
Zvidzidzo zvehutano hwemagariro ehurumende zvinoratidza kuti kune kusiyana kune IQ zvikoro pakati pemarudzi akasiyana. Dzidzo dzakadaro dzinoramba dzisina kukwana, asi kumwe kutsvakurudzwa kwechinyorwa ichi kwave kuchiitwa nekugadzira kuongororwa kwemavhareji IQ kumarudzi akasiyana. Kusiyana kwakadaro kungave kwakabatanidzwa kune zvakakonzerwa nemasikirwo akadai sehutano hwezvematongerwe enyika, kuverenga nekuverenga, mazinga ezvidzidzo, uye kutarisira upenyu.
Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakagadzirwa naRichard Lynn naTatu Vanhanen, Hong Kong yakanga ine yepamusoro yepamusoro yeIQ muna 108 uye Equatorial Guinea yakanga yakaderera kusvika 59. Avhareji mapoka eIQ emamwe nyika aisanganisira United States pa98, United Kingdom pa100, uye Italia pa110.
Kusiyana kwepabonde muAverage IQ Scores
Mumakore ose aya, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakatsigira kuti varume kana vakadzi vakabata zvakanakira maererano neIQ asi vamwe vakakavhiringidza kuti hapana maonero akasiyana pakati pevarume nevakadzi. Chimwe chekudzidza chakawana kuti kunyange zvazvo pakanga pasina mavheji akasiyana pakati pezvikoro zveIQ pakati pevarume nevakadzi, ikoko kwaitarisirwa kuve nekusiyana kukuru muIQ zvikoro pakati pevarume.
Kutsvakurudza kwakawana kuti pane zvishoma zvakasiyana mukushanda kwemashoko nemashoko epakati, nevakadzi vachiita zviri nani pane mamwe mazwi emashoko uye varume vanoita zviri nani pane mamwe mabasa emunharaunda. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti kupesana uku kunongokonzerwa chete nekusiyana kwezvisikwa uye kunokanganisawo netsika, zviitiko, uye dzidzo.
Iko Avhareji yeIQ Score inoreva iwe
Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvishoma zvishoma zvinogona kuenzaniswa maererano nehuwandu hweIQ score, chengetedza zvinotevera mupfungwa:
- Zvinoreva kuti iwe unowanzoita mazano nekugadzirisa matambudziko. IQ yako yepamusoro inogona kuva chiratidzo chinonyanya kuratidza mafungiro ako nekugadzirisa matambudziko , asi vazhinji vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanofunga kuti izvi zvidzidzo hazvitauri nyaya yose.
- Avhareji IQ purogiramu haagoni kuudza nyaya yose pamusoro pezvaunokwanisa. Zvinhu zvishomanana zvavasingagoni kuenzanisa unyanzvi hunoshanda uye matarenda. Iwe unogona kuva nechiyero cheIQ chikwata, asi iwe unogonawo kunge uri muimbi mukuru, muenzi wekusika, muimbi anoshamisa kana mhepo inoshandiswa. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Howard Gardner akatanga nheyo yengano dzakawanda dzakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kukanganisa uku kunowanikwa mune zvakakurumbira pfungwa dzeIQ.
- IQ zvikoro hazvisati zvichishandiswa mumatombo. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana zvakare kuti maIQ scores anogona kuchinja munguva. Chimwe chidzidzo chakatarisa IQ yevanenge vachiri kuyaruka pavanenge vachiri kuyaruka uyezve zvakare makore mana gare gare. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nemapfumbamwe makumi maviri pamusoro pemakore mana emakore.
- Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti EQ inogona kukosha kunyange kupfuura IQ. IQ miedzowo inokundikana kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakadai sokuda kuziva iwe pamusoro penyika yakakupoteredza uye kuti iwe uri nani pakunzwisisa nekugadzirisa manzwiro. Dzimwe nyanzvi, kusanganisira munyori Daniel Goleman, dzinoratidza kuti kuchenjera kwepfungwa (kazhinji kunonzi EQ) kunogona kuva yakakosha kupfuura IQ . Uye vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kunyange zvazvo vane IQ yakakwirira chaizvoizvo vanogona kupa vanhu nechepakati munzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu, hazvisi chokwadi chekubudirira hupenyu .
Shoko Rinobva
Usanetseka kunze kwekuti iwe hausi " nyanzvi " -huwandu hwevanhu hausi masimba. Pane kudaro, vanhu vakawanda pane imwe nzvimbo mukati me-15-point range yevhareji IQ chikwata.
Kungofanana nekuva neIQ yakakwirira hakuiti kuti kubudirira, kuva nechiyero kana chechidiki IQ hazviiti kuti kusakundikana kana kuti kuratidzika. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sekushanda zvakaoma, kusimba , kutsungirira, uye maitiro akazara zvikamu zvinokosha zvepikicha.
> Sources:
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> Johnson, W, Carothers, A, & Deary, IJ. Kuita zvepabonde kusiyana kwekusiyana pakati pehuchenjeri huzhinji: kutarisa patsva mubvunzo wakare. Mafungiro aMapfungwa Masayenzi. 2008; 3 (6): 518-531. doi: 10.1111 / j.1745-6924.2008.00096.x
> Ramsden, S., Richardson, FM, Josse, G., Thomas, MSC, Ellis, C., Shakeshaft, C., Seghier, ML, & Price, CJ (2011). Kutaura kwemashoko uye kusina mashoko kunoshandura muhuropi hwevechiri kuyaruka. Nature. 2009; 479: 113-116. doi: 10.1038 / nature10514
> Rindermann, H. I-g-factor yenyika yose yekufananidza kukwanisa kuenzanisa: Kubatana kwemigumisiro yePISA, TIMSS, PIRLS uye IQ-kuongorora kumarudzi ose. European Journal of Personality. 2007; 21 (6): 67-706. doi: 10.1002 / per.634
> Schaffer, DR & Kipp, K. Developmental Psychology: Kubata uye Kuyaruka. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2010.