Ndeipi chaiyo iyo purogiramu yeropa yenheyo uye inobatei mutsika mumuviri? Kutanga, zvakakosha kuona kuti hurongwa hwemitsipa hwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: inonzi central nervous system uye purogiramu yenheyo yenheyo. Iyo yakakosha yenheyo inosanganisira uropi uye rwonzi rwomumumvuri, nepo chirwere chendaneti chinosanganisa chinosanganisira mitsipa yose inobuda kubva muuropi nemumutsipa wepelinha uye inoenderera kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri dzinosanganisira misumbu nhengo.
Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chegadziriro inotora basa rinokosha mune kuti ruzivo runoratidzwa sei mumuviri wose.
Ngationei pamusoro pezvishoma pamusoro pemabasa uye sarudzo yehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehurongwa.
Chii Chinonzi Peripheral Nerveous System?
Iyo inoputika nervous system (PNS) ndiyo kugoverwa kwenheyo yenheyo ine mitsipa yose iri kunze kwekati central nerve system (CNS). Basa rinokosha rePNS nderekubatanidza CNS kune nhengo, nhengo, uye ganda. Iyi miviri inobuda kubva pakati penheyo system kusvika kumativi ekunze emuviri. Izvo zvinoshandiswa purogiramu zvinobvumira uropi nemutsipa wepemutsi kugamuchira uye kutumira mashoko kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri, izvo zvinotibvumira kuti titeerere kune zvinokurudzira munzvimbo yedu.
Mitsipa iyo inoumba purogiramu yenheyo yenheyo ndeyechokwadi inonzi axons kana mashomanana emadononi kubva kumasero e-neuron . Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mishonga iyi yakanyanya kuduku asi dzimwe nhengo dzenzara dzakakura zvikuru zvokuti dzinogona kuonekwa nyore nyore neziso revanhu.
Iyo purogiramu yenherera yega inoparadzaniswa kuita zvikamu zviviri:
- The somatic nervous system
- Izwi rinotyisa remagetsi
Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chinotora basa rinokosha mukushandura kwenheyo yenyika.
Somatic Nervous System
The somatic system ndiyo chikamu chetachiona chendaneti chinokonzerwa nekutakura nzwisiso uye motokari mashoko kune uye kubva munharaunda yepamusoro yenheyo.
Sangano rekuti somatic nervous rinowana zita rayo kubva muchiGiriki izwi soma , rinoreva "muviri."
The somatic system inofanirwa kutumira ruzivo rwechinangwa uyewo nekuzvidira. Iyi sangano ine miviri miviri mikuru yeuroni:
- Sensory neurons (kana afferent neurons) dzinotakura mashoko kubva mumitsipa kusvika kune imwe nheyo yenheyo. Izvo izvi zvinonzwika neuroni zvinotitendera kuti titore ruzivo rwemashoko uye titumire kuuropi nemutsipa wepelinha.
- Motokari neurons (kana efferent neurons) dzinotakura mashoko kubva muuropi uye musana wemagunha kusvika kumagetsi emasumbu mumuviri wose. Aya magetsi anotitendera kuti tibate chiito chemuviri tichiita zvinopesana mumamiriro ezvinhu.
The Autonomic Nervous System
Iyo yezvigadzirisheni zvirongwa zvikamu zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nekugadzirisa mabasa asingaitiki emuviri, zvakadai sekubuda kweropa, kushaya moyo, kufema, nekufema. Mune mamwe mazwi, ndiyo inyanzvi yehurumende inodzora zvinhu zvemuviri izvo kazhinji zvisiri pasi pekuzvidira. Iyi sangano inobvumira basa iri kuti riitike pasina kudikanwa kuti tifunge kufunga pamusoro pavo iri kuitika.
Iri sangano rinowedzera kugoverwa mumatavi maviri:
- Netsitsi inoronga huronga-kana-kurwisa . Iyi nzira inogadzirira muviri kushandisa simba uye kugadzirisa zvinogona kutyisidzira munzvimbo. Kana chiito ichidikanwa, hurongwa hwekunzwira tsitsi huchaita mhinduro kuburikidza nekukurumidza kufara kwemwoyo, kuwedzera kufema kwekufema, kuwedzerwa kweropa kunopinda kumisungo, kushandura kusuruvara kwekudzivirira, uye kuwedzera kwevadzidzi. Izvi zvinobvumira muviri kuti upindure nokukurumidza mumamiriro ezvinhu anoda chiito chekurumidza. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, tinogona kugara uye kurwisana nekutyisidzira, asi pane dzimwe nguva tingasvibisa pangozi.
- Izvo zvinoshandiswa nemapasimasi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza zviito zvemuviri mabasa uye kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvepanyama. Pane imwe nguva kutyisidzira kwatopfuura, urongwa uhwu huchadzikisa kutara kwemwoyo, kunonoka kufema, kuderedza ropa kuenderera kumisungo, uye kudzivirira vadzidzi. Izvi zvinotibvumira kudzorera miviri yedu kune imwe nzvimbo yekuzorora yakakwana.
Sources:
Coon, D. & Mitterer, JO Kutangisa kuPychology : Nzira dzekufunga uye maitiro neChiratidzo Mapeji. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2010.
Eyesenck, MW Simply Psychology . New York: Taylor & Francis; 2012.