Kunyange zvazvo neuroni ndiyo yezvivako zvekukurukurirana kwemuviri, ndiyo mutezo wemapuroni anobvumira zviratidzo kuenderera pakati peuropi nemuviri. Izvi zvakarongeka masangano, akaumbwa kusvika kune imwe trillion neuroni, anogadzira izvo zvinozivikanwa sehurongwa hwemagetsi .
Sangano revanhu remagetsi rinoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: iyo inonzi central nervous system, iyo inosanganisira uropi nemutsipa wepelinha, uye chirwere chendangariro dzomukati, iyo inoumbwa nerve uye nerveya mumutumbi wose.
Iyo ye endocrine system inokoshawo pakukurukurirana. Izvi zvinoshandisa zvipembenene zviri mumuviri wose, izvo zvinokonzera mahomoni anotungamirira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semetabolism, kupera, ropa uye kukura. Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa che endocrine chisina kubatana zvakananga nehurongwa hwemagetsi, iyo mbiri inobatanidza nenzira dzakawanda.
The Central Nervous System
Inonzi central nervous system (CNS) inoumbwa neuropi uye musipinha. Nzira huru yekukurukurirana muCNS ndiyo neuron. Uropi nemumutsipa wesipinha zvakakosha zvikuru muupenyu uye kushanda, saka pane zvipingamupinyi zvakadzivirira zvinodzikomberedza zvakatanga nefupa (skull uye musana) uye membrane tishu dzinonzi meninges. Mukuwedzera, zvose zvivako zvinomiswa mumudziyo unodzivirira unonzi cerebrospinal fluid.
Sei uropi uye rwonzi rwomukona zvichikosha? Funga nezvezvivakwa izvi se "chaiyo" yekutaurirana kwemuviri.
ICS inoshandiswa kugadzirisa manzwiro ose uye kufunga kuti unosangana nazvo. Izwi rekunzwisisa rinounganidzwa nemakagadziro mumuviri wose zvino rinopa ruzivo urwu kune imwe nzvimbo yenheyo. Iyo CNS inotumirawo maziso kune imwe yose yomuviri kuitira kuti itungamirire kufamba, zviito, uye mhinduro kune zvakatipoteredza.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Iyo inonzi peripheral system (PNS) inoumbwa nehuwandu hwemitsipa inowedzera kunze kwenheyo yenheyo yenheyo. Netsvo uye nerveya dzinoita iyo PNS ndezvemakumbo emadononi kubva kueuron masero. Mitsipa inogona kubva kubva zviduku kusvika kumahombekombe makuru anogona kuonekwa nyore nyore nemeso evanhu.
IPNS inogona kuwedzera kugoverwa kuva maitiro maviri akasiyana: iyo somatic nervous system uye inotyisa yehurongwa hurongwa.
Somatic Nervous System : The somatic system inotungamirira kushandiswa kwekutaura uye inofanirwa kutungamira nekuzvidira uye chiito. Izvi zvinoumbwa nezvose zvinonzwisisika (afferent) neurons, izvo zvinotakura mashoko kubva mumitsipa kusvika kune uropi uye musana wemutsara, uye motokari (efferent) neurons, iyo inotumira mashoko kubva pakati penheyo system kuenda kumashuga emasisita.
Autonomic Nervous System : Ihurumende yehutachiona yakazvimirira inobatsira kutonga mabasa asingaiti semunhu akadai sehumwe humwe hutano hwepfungwa, kupumha, kudya uye ropa. Iyi nzira yakabatanawo nemhinduro dzemanzwiro dzakadai sokuputika uye kuchema. Iko yezvigadziro zvehurumende zvinogona kuwedzera zvakare kugoverwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinozivikanwa sevanonzwira tsitsi uye sarasmathetic systems.
- Kunzwira Tsitsi Nenzira : Unyoro hunoita kuti mutumbi upindure pane zvinoitika. Apo iyi sarudzo inomutswa, zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinotanga kuitika: mwoyo wako nekufema zvinowedzera, kuchema kunonoka kana kumira, vadzidzi vanodzika uye iwe unotanga kuthuka. Iyo inozivikanwa senhare yekurwisa-kana-ndege , iyi inoita nekugadzirira muviri wako kuti urwise dambudziko kana kutiza.
- Parasympathetic Nervous System: Inoratidzira yehutachiona yakagadzirisa inoshanda kurwisana nehurumende. Mushure mokunge dambudziko kana njodzi yapfuura, sarudzo ino inobatsira kudzivisa muviri. Mwoyo uye kufema kunotonhora, kudya kunopindazve, chikwata chedzidzi uye kuputika kunoguma.
The Endocrine System
Sezvambotaurwa kare, chirongwa che endocrine hachisi chikamu chehurongwa hwemitsipa, asi ichichiri kukosha pakukurukurirana mumuviri wose. Iri sangano rinoumbwa nemafuta, izvo zvinokonzera makemikari nhume anozivikanwa sehomoni.
Mahomoni anotakurwa muropa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri, kusanganisira nhengo uye muviri maviri. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha zvependocrine zvinosanganisira gland pineal, hypothalamus, gland pituitary, utachiona, mavhai uye ma testes. Chimwe chezvipembenene izvi zvinoshanda nenzira dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.
Saka sei chirongwa chendocrine uye nervous chinosanganiswa? Nhengo yehuropi inozivikanwa se hypothalamus inobatanidza izvi zviviri zvakakosha zvekukurukura. I hypothalamus idiki duku rekusanganiswa kwe nuclei iyo inokonzera kudzora chiyero chinoshamisa chekuita. Inowanikwa mujinga re forebrain, iyo hypothalamus inotarisira zvidzidzo zvinokosha zvakadai sokurara, nzara, nyota, uye zvepabonde kunze kwekunetseka mupfungwa uye kunetseka. Iyo hypothalamus inodzorawo maronda epituitary, ayo anobva atonga kusunungurwa kwehomoni kubva kune dzimwe gland mu system endocrine.