Vygotsky akafa wechidiki, asi akave nechinonyanya kukosha pane zvepfungwa
Lev Vygotsky akanga ari musayendisiti wepfungwa weRussia wepfungwa uyo anonyanyozivikanwa nokuda kwetsika yake ye sociocultural . Akatenda kuti kushamwaridzana kwemagariro kunoita basa rinokosha mukudzidza kwevana. Kuburikidza nekubatana kwakadaro kwevanhu, vana vanopfuurira nenzira yekuenderera yekudzidza. Vygotsky akacherechedza, zvisinei, kuti tsika dzinobatsira zvikuru izvi. Kunyengedza, kudzidza kutungamirirwa, uye kudzidza pamwe chete zvinotora chikamu chakakosha munyanzvi yake.
Upenyu Hwapakutanga hwaVigotsky
Lev Vygotsky akaberekwa musi waNovember 17, 1896, muOrsha, guta riri kumadokero kwenyika yeRussia.
Akaenda kuMoscow State University, kwaakadzidza nedhigiriji mumutemo muna 1917. Akadzidza mhando dzezvidzidzo paaipinda yunivhesiti, kusanganisira masangano evanhu, linguistics, psychology, uye uzivi. Zvisinei, basa rake rakagadzirirwa mune zvepfungwa rakaramba risati rasvika kusvika muna 1924 paakapinda Institute of Psychology muMoscow.
Akapedzisa shanduro muna 1925 pamusoro pepfungwa yehupirisiti asi akapiwa chikoro chake mukusafa nemhaka yehutachiona hwekurwiswa kwetachiona hwakamuita kuti ave asina kukwanisa kwegore. Mushure mekurwara kwake, Vygotsky akatanga kutsvakurudza nyaya dzakadai semutauro, kucherechedza, nekuyeuka nekubatsirwa kwevadzidzi kusanganisira Alexei Leontiev naAlexander Luria.
Basa raVigotsky uye Theories
Vygotsky aiva munyori akawandisa, achibudisa mabhuku matanhatu mumusoro wepfungwa panyaya yemakore gumi.
Zvaaifarira zvaive zvakasiyana asi zvinowanzotarisana nezvekukura kwevana uye dzidzo. Akatsvaga nyaya dzakadaro saiyo psychology yeunyanzvi nekuvandudza mutauro.
The Zone of Proximal Development
Maererano neVigotsky, nzvimbo yekufambira mberi kunowedzera
"nzvimbo iri pakati pechiratidzo chaiyo yekusimudzira sekugadziriswa nekuzvigadzirisa zvinetso nekugadzirisa kwekugadziriswa kunogona kusarudzwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa matambudziko pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevanhu vakuru kana kubatanidzwa nevamwe vezera rako vanogona." - Lev Vygotsky, Mind in Society, 1978
Chaizvoizvo, nzvimbo iyi ndiyo gaka pakati pezvinozivikanwa nemwana uye zvaasingazivi. Nzira yekuwana iyo ruzivo inoda unyanzvi iyo mwana asati aine kana asingakwanisi kuzvimiririra, asi anogona kuita nerubatsiro rwevamwe vanoziva.
Vabereki nevadzidzisi vanogona kukurudzira kudzidza kuburikidza nekupa mikana yezvidzidzo inenge iri munzvimbo yevana yekuvandudza zvakanyanya. Vana vanogonawo kudzidza zvakawanda kubva kune vezera rako, naizvozvo vadzidzisi vanogona kukurudzira nzira iyi nekubatanidza vana vashoma vane unyanzvi nevanodzidza navo kuchikoro.
Izvo Zvakawedzerwa Zvimwe Zvimwe
Vygotsky akatora pamuviri kune mumwe munhu ane ruzivo semunhu ane zivo huru uye unyanzvi kupfuura mudzidzi. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, munhu uyu munhu mukuru semubereki kana mudzidzisi. Vana vanodzidzawo zvakawanda kubva pakubatana kwavo nevezera ravo, uye vana vanowanzobhadhara zvakanyanya kune izvo shamwari dzavo uye vaunodzidza navo vanoziva uye vari kuita pane zvavanoita kuvanhu vakuru muupenyu hwavo.
Hazvina mhosva kuti ndiani anoshanda semumwe anoziva, chinokosha ndechokuti anopa mazano ehutano hwevanhu nehuwandu hwekusimudzirwa kwepamusoro apo mudzidzi anonyatsonzwa kutungamirirwa. Vana vanogona kuchengeta uye kutevedzera kana kutotanga kurairirwa kutungamirirwa kuti vawane zivo itsva uye unyanzvi.
Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky akataurawo kuti kukura kwevanhu kunoguma nekubatana kwakasimba pakati pevanhu nevevanhu. Nesungano iyi, vana vanodzidza zvishoma nezvishoma uye vachiramba vachibva kuvabereki nevadzidzisi. Ichi chidzidzo, zvisinei, chinogona kusiyana kubva kune imwe tsika kusvika kune inotevera. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti pfungwa yaVigotsky inokurudzira simba rekubatana uku. Sosaiti haisi kungogutsa vanhu; vanhu vanochinjawo hupenyu hwavo.
Contributions to Psychology
Upenyu hwaVigotsky hwakatemwa zvinosuruvarisa musi waJune 11, 1934, paakafa nechirwere cheshuga pazera remakore 37.
Anofungidzirwa kuti anofungidzira mafungiro mune zvepfungwa, uye zvizhinji zvebasa rake zvichiri kuwanikwa uye kuongororwa nhasi.
Kunyange zvazvo aigara panguva yeConner , Pavlov , Freud , uye Piaget , basa rake harina kumbobvira rakaita paukuru hwavo munguva yehupenyu hwake. Chikamu cheizvi ndechekuti Chechi yeCommunist yaiwanzozvidza basa rake muRussia, uye saka zvinyorwa zvake zvakanga zvisingawanikwi kunyika yeWestern. Kufa kwake nguva isati yasvika pazera remakore makumi matatu uye kwakabatanidzwa mukusaziva kwake.
Pasinei neizvi, basa rake rakaramba richikura kubva pakufa kwake, kunyanya mundima dzekuvandudza uye dzidzo yepfungwa .
Yakanga isati yasvika kuma1970 apo maTygotsky maonero akazozivikanwa muWest West sezvo mazano matsva nemafungiro akaiswa munharaunda yekudzidzisa uye kukura kwepfungwa. Kubva panguva iyoyo, mabasa aVigotsky ave akashandurwa uye ave ane simba, kunyanya munharaunda yezvedzidzo. Mune chikwata chemafungiro epfungwa dzepamusoro, Vygotsky akacherechedzwa sewe 83 inowanzotaurwa kakawanda mune zvepfungwa munguva yezana remakore rechi20.
Vygotsky vs. Piaget
Piaget naVigotsky vairarama panguva imwe chete, asi pfungwa dzaVigotsky dzisina kumbozivikanwa kusvikira nguva refu mushure mekufa kwake. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzavo dzakagovana zvakafanana, pane zvimwe zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, kusanganisira:
- Vygotsky haana kuputsa kukurudzira kuva nhamba yezvikamu zvakagara zvatemwa sezvakaitwa naPiaget.
- Vygotsky akasimbisa basa rinokosha iro tsika inotamba, kuratidza kuti kusiyana kwemitambo kunogona kuva nekunaka kwekusimudzira. Pfungwa yePiaget inoratidza kuti kubudirira kunowanikwa pasi rose.
- Pfungwa yePiaget inonyanya kufunga nezvekuwirirana nevezera rako apo pfungwa yaVigotsky inokurudzira kukosha kwevanhu vakuru uye vezera vanoziva.
- Dzidziso yaVigotsky yakanyanya kusimbisa basa iro mutauro unotamba mukukura, chimwe chinhu icho Piaget akanyanya kucherechedza.
Mumashoko Ake Oga
"Kudzidza kunopfuura kungowanikwa kwekwanisi yekufunga, ndeye kuwana kune mikana yakawanda yekufunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana." - Lev Vygotsky, Mind in Society, 1978
Selected Publications
Vygotsky LS. Kufunga muSocial: Kuvandudzwa kwePfungwa dzepamusoro dzepfungwa. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press; 1978.
Vygotsky LS. Mafungiro uye Mutauro . Kozulin A, kutengesa. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 1986. (Basa rekutanga rakabudiswa muna 1934)
Vygotsky LS. Kufunga uye Kutaura. Minick N, trans. New York: Plenum Press; 1987.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga mamwe emabasa aVigotsky, zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zvake zvinowanikwa mumabhuku ose zvakanyorwa paVigotsky Internet Archive.
> Sources
- > Haggbloom SJ, Warnick JE, Jones VK, et al. Vane 100 Vakawanda VeMapfungwa Masayendisiti Ema2000. Kudzokorora kweGeneral Psychology. 2002; 6 (2): 139-152. doi: 10.1037 / 1089-2680.6.2.139.
- > Vygotsky LS. Mafungiro uye Mutauro . Kozulin A, kutengesa. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 1986. (Basa rekutanga rakabudiswa muna 1934)
- > Woolfolk AE. Educational Psychology. 14th edition. Pearson; 2018.