Ivan Pavlov akanga ari muzivi wenyika yeRussia anonyanya kuzivikanwa mupfungwa dzepfungwa nokuda kwekuwanikwa kwake kwechikoro chechimiro. Munguva dzekudzidza kwake pamusoro pemagadziro ekugadzirisa imbwa, Pavlov akanyora kuti mhuka dzakanyatsozvigadzika pamusangano wekudya. Zvisinei, akacherechedzawo kuti mhuka dzakatanga kumira pose pavakaona bhandi jena rekuyera mubatsiri.
Izvo zvaive kuburikidza nekuona uku kuti Pavlov akawana kuti nokubatanidza kuiswa kwezvokudya nebazi rekubatsira, mhinduro yakagadziriswa yakaitika.
Iyi kuwanikwa yakanga ine simba rekudzorera pane zvepfungwa. Pavlov aikwanisawo kuratidza kuti mhuka dzaigona kugadziriswa kuti dzirambe dzichinzwa inzwi rezwi zvakare. Kuwanikwa kwaPavlov kwaive nechisimba kune vamwe vanofunga pamwe naJohan B. Watson uye vakabatsira chaizvo pakuvandudzika kwechikoro chekufunga chinonzi behaviorism.
Nyatsotarisa hupenyu hwaIvan Pavlov uye basa rake muchidimbu chidiki.
Ivan Pavlov Anozivikanwa Zvikuru Kwazvo:
- Classical conditioning
- Tsvakurudzo panyaya yehutano uye yekudya.
- 1904 Nobel Prize muPhysiology.
Upenyu Hwake Hwokutanga
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov akaberekwa musi waSeptember 14, 1849 mumusha muduku muRyazan, Russia, uko baba vake vaiva muprista wemusha. Zvidzidzo zvake zvepakutanga zvakanga zvichinyanya kutaura nezvechechi yebhaibheri, asi kuverenga Charles Darwin On On the Origin of Species yakanga ine simba guru pane zvaaida mune ramangwana.
Akakurumidza kusiya zvidzidzo zvake zvechitendero ndokuzvipira pachake pakudzidza kwesayenzi. Muna 1870, akatanga kudzidza masayenzi echisikigo paYunivhesiti yeSt. Petersberg.
Basa raPavlov uye Kuwanikwa kweClassical Conditioning
Pavlov's primary interest was the study of physiology and natural sciences.
Akabatsira kuwana Dhipatimendi rePhysiology paInited of Experimental Medicine uye akaenderera mberi kutarisira chirongwa chemakore 45 anotevera.
"Sayenzi inoda kubva kumunhu hupenyu hwake hwose kana uine hupenyu huviri husingakwanisi iwe." Iva nechido mubasa rako uye pakutsvaga kwako, " Pavlov akambotaura.
Paanenge achitsvakurudza basa rekudya gorosi, akadaro vatongi vake vaizoguma vasati vauya zvokudya. Mune ruzhinji rwezviitiko zvinonyatsozivikanwa , akaratidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvisati zvataurwa nezvekudya, pakupedzisira akawana kuti, mushure mekunge vadzoka kushamwaridzana, imbwa yaizoenda kune imwe nguva kunze kwekudya. Akataura mhinduro iyi kubvumirana kwakagadzikana . Pavlov akacherechedzawo kuti mafungiro aya anobva mumarara ekurota europi.
Pavlov akagamuchira zvikuru basa rake, kusanganisira kusarudzwa kwa1901 kuRussia Academy of Sciences uye 1904 Nobel Prize muPhysiology. Hurumende yeSoviet yakapawo rubatsiro rwakakura mubasa raPavlov, uye Soviet Union munguva pfupi yakava hurukuro inotungamirira pakuongorora kwehupenyu.
Akafa musi waFebruary 27, 1936.
Zvipo zvinokosha kuMapychology
Vakawanda vasiri kunze kwepfungwa vanogona kushamisika kuziva kuti Pavlov akanga asiri wepfungwa dzepfungwa zvachose.
Kwete chete iye akanga asiri wepfungwa; iye akati haana kufarira munda wepfungwa yepamusoro zvachose. Zvisinei, basa rake rakange rine simba guru pamunda, kunyanya pakuvandudzika kwehutsika . Kuwanikwa kwake nekutsvakurudza pane mafungiro kwakakonzera kukura kwevanhu vanoita zvekuita, uye basa rake raiwanzorehwa muzvinyorwa zvaJohn B. Watson .
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa basa raPavlov mukudzidza nezvekugadzirisa mafungiro sechimiro chekudzidza. Kutsvakurudza kwake kwakaratidzawo maitiro ekudzidza kugadzirisa kune zvakatipoteredza mune chinangwa, nzira yesayenzi .
Sarudza Mabhuku naIvan Pavlov
Imwe yePavlov yakatanga kunyora mabhuku aiva 1902 mubhuku rinonzi The Work of the Digestive Glands , iyo yakanyanya kuongorora nezvehupfungwa dzake.
Mabasa akazotevera akaiswa pakutsvaga kwechikoro chechimiro chinosanganisira bhuku rake ra1927 rakanyorwa Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation yePhysiological Activity yeCerebral Cortex uye Dzidziso Pamamiriro Akarongeka: Makore makumi maviri nemashanu Echinangwa Kudzidza Basa Rakawanda Rokunyanya (Maitiro) Mhuka iyo yakabudiswa gore rimwe gare gare.
Shoko Rinobva
Ivan Pavlov angave asina kusarudza kuchinja chiso chepfungwa, asi basa rake rakange rine simba rakasimba uye rinogara kwenguva refu pane sayenzi yemafungiro nemafambiro. Kuwanikwa kwake kwechikoro chekugadzirisa kwakabatsira kusimbisa chikoro chefungidziro chinonzi inozivikanwa. Vongai nebasa revanofunga mafungiro akadai saWatson naClubner, kuzvibata kwakasimudza kuva simba guru mukati mekufunga kwepfungwa mukati mehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.
> Sources:
> Schultz, DP, & Schultz, S. E (Eds.). (2012). Nhoroondo yeNhasi Psychology. Australia Belmont, CA: Thomson / Wadsworth.
> Todes, DP. Ivan Pavlov: Upenyu hweRussia muSayenzi. New York: Oxford; 2014.