Paakatanga kutaurira muma1950, mishonga inodzvinyirira yakashandiswa kubatsira kuderedza zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo . Zvisinei, kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti vanodzvinyirira vanogona kubata zvakanakisisa manzwiro akasiyana-siyana uye kushungurudzika. Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka ndezvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukanganisa kurapwa kwepenic disorder (kana pasina agoraphobia ).
Kunyanya Kudzvinyirira Kunobata Sei Nhamo Dambudziko?
Neurotransmitters maikemikari anowanzoitika mumasikirwo uye anoonekwa seasina kuenzana nevanhu vane mafungiro nemafungiro ekuzvidya mwoyo .
Anodzvinyirira anoshanda nekubata idzi neurotransmitter nenzira inogona kubatsira kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo uye kuderedza kuwanda uye kuwedzera kwekutya kwekutya . Makirasi akasiyana-siyana evanhu vanorwisa zvinodhaka anokanganisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana evanhu vane chirwere chemaurotransmitter.
Mapoka akawanda anonyanya kurongerwa evanhu vanodzvinyirirwa nokuda kwekutya chirwere chinosanganisira:
Sarudzo yeSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Kusarura serotonin reuptake inhibitors , kana SSRIs, rudzi rwakakurumbira rwehutachiona hunogona kushandiswa kurapa chirwere chinotyisa. SSRIs inoshanda kuenzanisa serotonin, neurotransmitter iyo inobatanidzwa nekugadzirisa kwemabasa akawanda emumuviri, kusanganisira mafungiro uye kurara. Nokudzivirira maitiro ako europi kuti asawana serotonin, SSRI inogona kubatsira mukusimudzira mafungiro uye kuderedza kunzwa kwekutya uye kuzvidya mwoyo.
SSRIs yakatanga kubudiswa muUnited States muma1980 uye yakaramba ichiramba yakakurumbira kurapwa kusarudzwa kwehutano hwakawanda hwehutano hwepfungwa.
SSRIs inowanzofarirwa nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwavo, kubudirira, uye mashoma emigumisiro kupfuura mamwe maitiro evanhu vanodzvinyirira.
Dzimwe dzeSRRIs dzakawanda dzinosanganisira:
Tricyclic Anodzvinyirira (TCAs)
Tricyclic vanodzvinyirira, kana TCAs, yakatanga muma 1950s.
Pasinei nekusanyanya kududzirwa kubva pakuiswa kweSRRIs, TCAs zvichiri kushandiswa kuti zvibudirire kubata zvirwere nezvinokonzerwa nemanzwiro. Saizvozvowo neSRRIs, TCAs inoshandawo kuenzanisa maitiro e serotonin. TCAs dzinobatawo norepinephrine , neurotransmitter yakabatanidzwa nekuchenjerera uye kurwisana-kana-kupoteredza kushungurudzika mhinduro.
Dzimwe TCA dzakajairika dzinosanganisira:
- Elavil (amitriptyline)
- Asendin (amoxapine)
- Norpramin (deipramine)
- Adapin, Sinequan (doxepin)
- Tofranil (imipramine)
- Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Vivactil (protriptyline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Kutanga kuwanika muna 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) ndeimwe yekare kare maitiro evanhu vanodzvinyirira. Pamusana pemiganhu mizhinji yezvokudya uye zvinogona kutyisa zvinodhaka zvinowanzobatanidzwa nemaMaOIs, SSRIs uye TCAs dzinowanzodiwa. MAOI, zvisinei, achiri kutaridzika kuti anoshanda mukurapa mamiriro ezvinhu ane chokuita nemafungiro uye kufunganya.
Kufanana neTCAs, MAOIs inokonzera kuwanikwa kwe serotonin uye norepinephrine. MAOI inowedzera kugadzirisa dopamine , neurotransmitter iyo inobatanidzwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko, zvakadai sesimba remagetsi, kufamba kwepanyama, uye manzwiro ekukurudzira.
Zvimwe zvinowanzodiwa MAOI zvinosanganisira:
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Emsam (selegiline)
Anodzvinyirira uye Njodzi Yokuzviuraya
Nyevero yakabudiswa muna 2007 neUnited States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mushure mekutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuwirirana pakati pezvinodhaka nekushandiswa kwekuzviuraya. IA FDA yakarayira kuti vana, vechidiki, uye vechidiki vepakutangatanga kutanga pavanodzvinyirira ndivo vari panjodzi yekufunga kuzviuraya nekuzvibata. Iyo inozivikanwa se "black box warning," FDA inoda kuti vose vanodzvinyirirwa varatidze nyevero iyi nemirairo.
Vanhu vazhinji vanorwara nehutachiona havazopindi mumungozi aya.
Zvisinei, vechidiki vanotangotanga kunetseka kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvakanyatsonaka kuti vawedzere kuora mwoyo, pfungwa dzekuzviuraya, uye chero maitiro asina kujairika. Nguva dzose bvunza chiremba wako kana uine mibvunzo uye / kana zvinetso pamusoro pehutano hwako hwehutachiona.
Sources:
Dudley, William. Antidepressants. San Diego, CA: Reference Point Press, 2008.
Silverman, Harold M. Pill Book. 14th ed. New York, NY: Bantam Mabhuku, 2010.