Community psychology inzvimbo inokosha inobatanidza nehutano hwehupenyu hwevanhu. Wati wamboshamisika here kuti vanhu vanogona sei kuve vanobatsira zvakanyanya mumharaunda yavo? Kana kuti iwe unombofunga here nezvekuti nharaunda dzeduzhinji dzingakanganisa sei hutano uye hukama hwevanhu? Izvo zvose zviri zviviri nyaya dzinofarira mukati memumunda wepakati pepfungwa.
Iyi inyaya yakazara uye inosvika pakureba mukati mepfungwa, kugadzirisa zvinhu kubva mune dzimwe dzidziso dzinosanganisira hupfumi hwevanhu, sangano rezvematongerwe enyika, hutano hwehutano, hutsika-tsika dzepfungwa uye hutano hwemagariro evanhu . Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinoshanda munharaunda iyi dzichitarisa tsika, hupfumi, hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogadzira uye zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu pasi rese.
Chinonyanya kukosha munharaunda yepfungwa inogona kushandiswa uye inofanirwa, asi inowanzova musanganiswa wezvose. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vomunharaunda vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanoita tsvakurudzo panyaya dzezvinyorwa, vamwe vanotora ruzivo urwu uye vanoisa mumashandisirwo ekutsvaga kutsvaga matambudziko uye kugadzirisa mhinduro mukati mevanhu.
Nhoroondo yeMapfungwa Psychology
Mafungiro emagariro evanhu akatanga kubuda mukati mema1960 seboka rinokura revepfungwa dzepfungwa vakave vasina kugutsikana nekukwanisa kwechirwere chepfungwa yekugadzirisa matambudziko ehupfumi hwevanhu.
Nhasi, vazhinji vanoona musangano wa1955 wepfungwa dzepfungwa pa Swampscott Conference sekutanga kwemazuva ano emagariro evanhu. Pamusangano uyu, avo vaivapo vakapedzisa kuti mafirosology aida kutora pfungwa huru kune vagari vomunharaunda uye kushanduka kwehutano kuitira kuti vagadzirise hutano hwepfungwa uye hukama hwakanaka .
Kubvira panguva iyo, munda wakaramba uchikura. Chikamu chechipiri cheAmerica Psychological Association , Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA), inopihwa panyaya yepfungwa dzevanhu. Magazini akawanda ezvidzidzo akazvipirawo kumusoro, kusanganisira American Journal of Community Psychology , Journal of Community Psychology uye Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology .
Community Psychology at Work
Zvimwe zvinhu izvo munhu wepfungwa yepfungwa angaita zvinosanganisira:
- Kutsvaga nzira dzekubatsira vanhu vanotambura kana kuti vasina kudzivirirwa vanonzwa vachibatanidzwa zvikuru nemisha yavo
- Kunzwisisa nyaya dzehutano pakati pemapoka maduku
- Kuvandudza, kushanda uye kuongororonga zvirongwa zvinotungamirirwa nemagariro evanhu
- Kuvaka ukama pakati pevanhu nemapoka emagariro
- Ongorora masangano, hurumende, uye vagari venharaunda kuitira kuti kukurudzire kubatanidzwa nekusiyana
- Vagari vemagariro evanhu vanogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira dzidzo, hurumende, mapoka asingabatsiri, masangano emunharaunda uye mazano evanomwe. Mukati yehurongwa hwekudzidzisa, vagari vomunharaunda dzepfungwa vanogara vachishanda pamakoroji nemayunivhesiti kudzidzisa zvidzidzo uye kuitisa tsvakurudzo yepakutanga. Mune hugaro hwehurumende, vanogona kushanda mune hutano uye hutano hwevanhu kune vehurumende, vehurumende uye vehurumende.
Community Psychology and Related Fields
Vanhu dzimwe nguva vanovhiringidza masayendisiti emunharaunda nemamwe masangano akafanana akadai sehutano hwevanhu , ruzivo rwepakati-tsika, uye hutano hwemagariro evanhu. Kunyange zvazvo maonero evanhu vomunharaunda ane maitiro akawanda kune dzimwe nyika uye anowanzotarisa pane zvidzidzo izvi, zvakakosha kuziva zvimwe zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, ruzivo rwemagariro emunharaunda runotangira mukuita uye kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakadai sechirwere chepfungwa. Zvisinei, kuchipatara kwepfungwa inowedzera kuva nechinangwa chakanyanya pakugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu, nepo masayendisiti emunharaunda akazvipira kunzwisisa zvinonzwisisika zvehupfumi zvinokonzera zvinetso izvi.
Mafungiro evanhu vemunharaunda anotorawo zvakakwana, maitiro-based approach ekunzwisisa maitiro uye kuti vanhu vanokodzera sei munharaunda, zvakadai semasangano akadai sehutano hwevanhu uye hutano hwemagariro evanhu . Community psychology inowedzera kuva yakanyanya pakushandisa ruzivo rwepfungwa nemagariro evanhu kugadzirisa zvinetso, nekugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu-uye kutora matanho.
Kufanana nehutano hwehutano uye hutano hwehutano hwepfungwa, ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu hunotarisawo pakudzivirira kwezvinetso nekusimudzirwa kwehutano nekugara zvakanaka. Iyo inewo yakasimba zvikuru inotsvakurudza-chinangwa chikamu. Maitiro emagariro evanhu anowanzoita tsvakurudzo yepakutanga, kukudziridza mafungiro ezvinyorwa uye oshandisa ruzivo urwu zvakananga mukati memasangano ehurumende uye ega.
Sezvaunogona kuona, maonero evanhu vomunharaunda anopfuura nemamwe mazano. Zvisinei, ine zvipo zvayo zvakasiyana uye zvinokosha kuti zviite. Zvinangwa zvakakosha zvebasa iri ndezvokuumba nzira itsva dzekupa simba vanhu mukati memharaunda yavo, kukurudzira kushanduka kwehutano nekusiyana, kukurudzira munhu nemagariro evanhu uye kudzivirira dambudziko.
Kudzidzisa uye Kudzidzisa zvinodiwa
Vakawanda vemagariro emagariro evanhu vanobata zvidzidzo zvidzidzo kana chiremba. Kune mamwe mapurogiramu emagariro evanhu anowanika, asi vamwe vadzidzi vanosarudza kuwana dhigirii rezvematongerwo enyika kana dhigirii yepamusoro nekuisa pfungwa pamagariro evanhu vomunharaunda.
Zvimwe zvezvikoro zvinotarisirwa nevanhu vanofunga nezvemagariro evanhu vanofanira kutora zvinosanganisira:
- Maitiro evanhu
- Nzira dzokutsvakurudza
- Statistics
- Utano hwepaguru
- Kuvandudzwa kweHurumende
- Ipa nyora
- Kuvandudza zvirongwa zvekudzivirira
- Developmental psychology
- Sociology
- Matambudziko evanhu
- Community development
Kudzidziswa uye dzidzo mune zvepfungwa dzepakati pepfungwa zvinowedzera pakuongorora uye kushandiswa. Vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza vanowana dzidzo yakawanda mumutsva ekutsvakurudza uye nhamba dzehuwandu hwevanhu, uyewo nzira yekuisa ruzivo urwu nenzira yakashandiswa kuburikidza nekuvandudza mapurogiramu emagariro evanhu.
References:
Dalton, JH, Elias, MJ, & Wandersman, A. (2001). Community Psychology: Kubatanidza Vanhu neVanhu. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth.
Kelly, JG (1971). Unhu hwemagariro evanhu vomunharaunda. Chiremba wepfungwa dzeAmerica, 26 (10) , 897-903.
Levine, M., & Perkins, DV (1997). Nheyo dzeMagariro evanhu (Psychology) (2nd Ed) . New York: Oxford University Press.