Chii chinonzi Neurotransmitter?
Zvinotendwa kuti uropi huine mazana emarudzi akasiyana-siyana emakemikari (neurotransmitters) anoshanda senhengo dzekukurukura pakati pemakemikisi akasiyana-siyana. Aya maikemikari vatumwa masheksiki zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa mafungiro, kudya, kushushikana, kurara, moyo wekutengesa, kutonhora, utsinye, kutya uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvepfungwa uye zvepanyama zvinoitika.
Masayendisiti akacherechedza zvikamu zvitatu zvemaurotransmitter muuropi hwevanhu:
1. Biogenic amine neurotransmitters ave akadzidza kwenguva refu uye zvichida ndiyo yakanakisisa inonzwisiswa maererano nehukama hwavo nekukanganisa kwepfungwa. Zvitanhatu zveiyo biojeneic amine neurotransmitters ndeiyi:
- Serotonin ikemikari messenger iyo inobatsira pakugadzirisa kufunganya, mafungiro, kurara, kudya, uye zvepabonde. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inowanzotorwa semishonga inotangira mishonga kuti iite chirwere chinotyisa .
- Norepinephrine , iyo inoita kuti munhu arara uye akangwarira, anotenda kuti inopindirana nehondo kana kupikisa kunetseka kupindura.
- Epinephrine inowanzofungidzirwa sehomoni inoshungurudza inotungamirirwa neadrenal system, asi inoshandawo seurourotransmitter muuropi.
- Dopamine inopikisa kufamba kwemuviri uye inofanirwawo kuti inobatanidzwa mukukurudzira, mubairo, kusimbisa uye kushaya mitezo maitiro . Mafungiro mazhinji e psychosis anoratidza kuti dopamine inobatsira mune zviratidzo zvepfungwa .
- Histamine inofungidzirwa kuti inokurudzira kumutsa, kutarira, nekudzidza. Inosunungurwawo mukupindura kune zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi. Antihistamines, iyo inowanzoshandiswa kurapa mishonga, inowanzova nemigumisiro yakawanda ye sedation, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera , uye kuderera kweropa.
- Acetylcholine inotendwa inosanganiswa nemasisita activation, kudzidza, nekuyeuka. Alzheimer's type dementia yakabatanidzwa kune acetylcholine basa .
2. Peptide neurotransmitters inotendwa inobatanidza nekupindirana kwekuona kwekutambudzika, kukurudzira kwechido, mutemo wemafungiro uye mamwe mabasa akawanda. Kuipa kwepachipidi neurotransmitters kwave kuchibatanidzwa nekuvandudzirwa kwechichichiphrenia , zvinetso zvekudya, chirwere chaHuntington uye chirwere cheAlzheimer.
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) , kuwanikwa zvitsva, ndeye peptide yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura. Zvinotendwa kuti CCK inowedzera kusununguka kunokonzera GABA nekuderedza dopamine. Zvidzidzo zvakabatanidza CCK nekuzvidya mwoyo nekutyisidzirwa kwevanhu mune kutya kwekutya.
3. Amino acid neurotransmitter inotarirwa nedzimwe nyanzvi sevanonyanya kufarira muhutano hwekudzivirira. Pane maviri makuru amino acid neurotransmitters:
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inonyanya kukanganisa neurotransmitter iyo inoita kuburikidza nehuipi hunoti hurumende inogadzirisa kutumirwa kwechiratidzo kubva kune imwe sero kuenda kune imwe. Zvakakosha kuenzanisa kukanganisa muuropi. Benzodiazepines ( anti-anxiety drugs ) inoshanda paGABA zvakagadziriswa zveuropi, zvichikonzera mamiriro ekuzorora.
- Glutamate inonzi neurotransmitter inofadza uye ndiyo yakawanda yakawanda yemakemikari muuropi. Inotendwa kuti inobatanidzwa mukudzidza nekuyeuka. Zvimwe zvirwere (zvakadai sechirwere cheAlzheimer) kana kukuvara kweuropi (zvakadai sokurova) kunogona kukonzera kuti glutamate yakawanda iwedzere. Izvi zvinogona kuisa danho re excitotoxicity, chirongwa chinogona kutungamirira kukuvadza kana kufa kwemasero europi ehupi.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti GABA uye glutamate zvakanyatsorongwa kuti zvienzane. Kusakosha kweimwe yei amino acid neurotransmitter inokanganisa basa reimwe. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kushamwaridzana kwavo uye kusinganzwisisiki kunokanganisa masero ose europi .
Neurotransmitters iyi Team Team
Zvose zvemakemikari vatumwa muuropi vane ukama hwakanyanya. Basa ravo rinotsigira pane imwe nzira yekuongorora uye zviyero panguva imwe neimwe yeupenyu. Kana chikamu chimwe chetsika chichikundikana, vamwe havagone kuita basa ravo zvakanaka. Dambudziko rekushungurudza nderipi chete rezvirwere zvakawanda zvepanyama uye zvepfungwa zvinotendwa zvinokonzerwa nekubatana kwakakomba kwevanhu vane chirwere chemaurotransmitter.
Sources:
Beinfeld, Margery C. "Cholecystokinin." Psychopharmacology-4th Generation of Progress. 2000.
Kaplan MD, Harold I. uye Sadock MD, Benjamin J. Shanduro yePsychiatry, Eighth Edition . Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1998.
Paul, Steven M. "GABA naGlycine." Psychopharmacology-4th Generation of Progress. 2000.