Mishonga ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakurumbira uye zvinobudirira zvekurapa kwekutya chirwere chinotyisa, panic, uye agoraphobia . Chiremba wako anokwanisa kupa mishonga kubatsira kubatsira kuderedza kusuruvara kwako kwekutyisa , kuderedza mararamiro ako ose ekuzvidya mwoyo, uye kunogona kubata chero mamiriro ezvinhu anoitika , akadai sekuora mwoyo.
Mishonga yekutyisa chirwere inowanzoiswa mune rimwe remapoka maviri: antidepressants uye anti-anxiety medications.
Antidepressants
Pakutanga kubudiswa muma1950, zvirwere zvinodhaka zvakanyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvirwere zvepfungwa, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo uye bipolar disorder. Zvisinei, gare gare yakawanikwa kuti mishonga iyi zvinobudirira inobatsira kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo, kuderedza zviratidzo zvekutyisa, uye kuderedza kusimba kwekutya kwekutya . Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinowanzoshandiswa kurapa matambudziko akawanda ekufunganya, kusanganisira panic disorder uye agoraphobia.
Anodzvinyirira anokonzera makemikari anotumwa muuropi, anozivikanwa seveurotransmitters . Iko kunofungidzirwa kuti kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakemikari aya arikutaurirana pakati pemasero europi.
Sarudzo yeSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Sarudzo yeSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, kana kungova SSRIs, iyo yakakurumbira kirasi yevanorambidzana nehana inorayirwa kuti kuderedze zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo . Iyi mishonga inobata serotonin, neurotransmitter inowanzoitika muuropi.
SSRIs inoshanda nekukurudzira chete serotonin mazinga (kusarudza) uye kudzivisa serotonin inokonzerwa (reuptake) kuburikidza nemasero emagetsi muuropi. Nokuenzanisa serotonin yemunhu kushanda, SSRIs inokwanisa kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo uye kuvandudza mafungiro.
Dzidzo dzakaratidza kushanda kwenguva refu kweRRRIs.
Iyi mishonga yakawanikwa zvakare inokonzera kukanganiswa kwemigumisiro , zvichiita kuti ive mishonga yemishonga inosarudza yekutya chirwere.
Kazhinji SSRIs inosanganisira:
Tricyclic Anodzvinyirira (TCAs)
Tricyclic vanodzvinyirira, kana maTCA, vainyanya kuzivikanwa mukurapa kushungurudzika uye kushungurudzika kwepfungwa pamberi peSSSRIs yakaiswa. Zvisinei, TCAs ichiri chiitiko chinoshanda kurapwa kwevanhu vane matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo . Kufanana neSSRIs, TCAs dzinoshanda kudzivirira reuptake yeikemikari messenger serotonin. Uyezve, mazhinji maTCA anodzivirira zvakare reuptake ye norepinephrine , imwe nyanzvi yemutambo muuropi iyo inowanzobatanidzwa nehondo-kana- inodzvinyirira kupindura.
TCA dzakajairika dzinosanganisira:
- Amitriptyline (Elavil)
- Amoxapine (Asendin)
- Desipramine (Norpramin)
- Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)
- Imipramine (Tofranil)
- Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
- Protriptyline (Vivactil)
- Trimipramine (Surmontil)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) ndiyo imwe yepakutanga yakagadziriswa nehutachiona hunoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvakanyanya mafungiro nemafungiro ekuzvidya mwoyo. MAOI inoshanda nekudzivisa basa re enzyme, monoamine oxidase . Iyi enzyme inobatanidzwa mukuputsa maurotransmitter akaita se norepinephrine, serotonin, uye dopamine.
Dopamine inobatsira kutonga mabasa akawanda, kusanganisira kufamba, simba remuviri, uye manzwiro ekukurudzira.
Pasinei nokubudirira kwavo, MAOIs inorayirwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamusana pemiganhu yezvokudya zvinodiwa paunenge uchivatora uye unogona kuita zvakakosha zvinodhaka zvinogona kuitika kana uchitora MAOIs nemimwe mishonga.
Maitiro anowirirana anosanganisira:
- Phenelzine (Nardil)
- Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
- Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
- Selegiline (Emsam)
Kurwisa Kuzvidya Mishonga
Kunyanya kuzvidya mwoyo mishonga inorayirirwa nokuda kwekuita-kushanda kwekurumidza kwekutya kwezviratidzo. Iyi mishonga inoita kuti isunungure hurumende yehurumende , iyo inogona kuderedza kusimba kwekutya kurwisa uye kuita kuti munhu anzwe akanyarara.
Pamusana pekugadzikana kwavo kwekugadzirisa uye kubatsirwa kwakakurumidza, mishonga inopesana nezvinodhaka inowanzotarisirwa kuti iite chirwere chinotyisa.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines ndiyo yakawanda inonyanyogadzirirwa boka remishonga inopesana nekutya kuzvidya mwoyo kwekutya chirwere. Vachizivikanwa nokuda kwekuita kwavo, mishonga iyi inogona kukurumidza kupedza kutyisa kurwisa zviratidzo uye kuita kuti pave nehana yakawanda. Benzodiazepines inononoka pasi nepakati penheyo system kuburikidza nekutsvaga gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) zvakagamuchirwa muuropi, zvichiita kuti munhu afare. Pasinei nezviitiko zvinogona kuisa njodzi nemigumisiro yemishonga iyi, benzodiazepine yakawanikwa kuti yakachengeteka uye inobata zvakanaka kutyisa chirwere.
Kazhinji benzodiazepines inosanganisira:
- Xanax (alprazolam)
- Klonopin (clonazepam)
- Valium (diazepam)
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Librium (chlordiazepoxide)
Sources
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC: Munyori.
Preston, John D., O'Neal, John H., Talaga, Mary C. (2010). Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Therapist, 6th ed. 2010 Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Silverman, Harold M. (2012). Pill Book. 15th ed. New York, NY: Bantam Mabhuku.