Abnormal Psychological is a branch of psychology inobata nehupfungwa dzepfungwa uye unhu husina kujairika, kazhinji mumagariro echechi. Izwi rinosanganisira yakawanda yakawanda yevhiringidzi, kubva pakuora mwoyo kusvika pakuzara-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (OCD) kumatambudziko ehupenyu. Vakuru, mapiriniki epfungwa, uye vanoona nezvepfungwa vanowanzoshanda zvakajeka mundima iyi.
Kunzwisisa Mafungiro Asina Kunaka
Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwepfungwa dzisina kufanira, zvinokosha kuti utange kunzwisisa kuti chii chatinoreva neshoko rokuti "zvisingaiti." Pamusoro penyika, zvinoreva zvinonzwisisika; kusina kusimba kunoratidza chimwe chinhu chiri kunze kwechimiro.
Maitiro akawanda evanhu anokwanisa kutevera izvo zvinozivikanwa sechinyakare chaiwo. Tichitarisa hutenderedzwa iyi yakagadzirwa nebhere, ruzhinji rwevanhu rwakabatanidzwa nechepamusoro-soro kwepamusoro, iyo inozivikanwa seyeroji. Vanhu vanowira kure kwazvo pamagumo echinyakare chaiwo vangaonekwa se "vasina kujairika."
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kusarudzwa pakati pezvakanaka uye kusina kufanana hazvifananidzi zvakanaka kana zvakaipa. Funga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekuchenjera. Munhu anowira pamucheto wepamusoro wekavharo angapindira pasi peshoko redu risina kujairika; uyu munhu aizotorwawo seane nyanzvi . Zviri pachena, ichi chiitiko apo kuwira kunze kwemitemo chaizvoizvo chinhu chakanaka.
Paunofunga nezvepfungwa dzisina kufanira, panzvimbo yekuisa pfungwa pane zvakasiyana pakati pezvakanaka uye izvo zvisingawanzoitiki, tarisa panzvimbo yekutambudzika kana kukanganiswa kwekuti unhu hunovhiringidza hunogona kukonzera.
Kana mufambiro uri kukonzera matambudziko muupenyu hwemunhu kana kuti hunovhiringidza kune vamwe vanhu, saka izvi zvingava "tsika isingawanzo" iyo inogona kuda imwe mhando yehutano hwepfungwa inopindira.
Mafungiro muHasarmal Psychology
Pane maonero akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa mukusafunga kwepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanofunga nezvepfungwa kana vezvepfungwa vanogona kutarisa pane pfungwa imwe chete, vashandi vakawanda vehutano hwepfungwa vanoshandisa zvinhu kubva munzvimbo dzakawanda kuitira kuti vanzwisise zviri nani uye vanorapa zvinetso zvepfungwa.
Aya maonero anosanganisira:
- Nzira yekufunga nezvepfungwa: Maonero aya anobva mumagariro e Sigmund Freud. Nzira yekugadzirisa pfungwa dzepfungwa inoratidza kuti maitiro akawanda asina kukanganisa anokonzerwa nemafungiro asingazivi, zvido, uye pfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo manzwiro aya ari kunze kwekuziva, ivo vachiri kutendwa kuti vaite zvavanoita. Vanachiremba vanotora nzira iyi vanotenda kuti nekuongorora zviyeuchidzo, maitiro, pfungwa, uye kunyange kurota , vanhu vanogona kuzarura nekubata nemamwe manzwiro ayo ave ari kutungamirira ku maladaptive mafungiro uye kutambudzika.
- Nzira yekuzvibata: Nzira iyi yepfungwa dzisina kujairika inonyanya kutarisa maitiro anoonekwa. Mukurapa maitiro, chinangwa chirikusimudzira maitiro akanaka uye kwete kusimbisa maladaptive mafungiro. Nzira yekuzvibata inongorongedza chete mararamiro pachawo, kwete zvikonzero zvinokonzera. Kana uchitarisana nemafambiro asina kunaka, unyanzvi wehutano angashandisa nzira dzakadai sechikafu chekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kubatsira kubvisa maitiro asina kukodzera uye kudzidzisa maitiro matsva.
- Nzira yezvechiremba: Iyi nzira yekusagadzikana kwepfungwa inonyanya kufunga nezvezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwepfungwa, kusimbisa kunzwisisa kwechikonzero chinokonzera kushungurudzika, izvo zvingasanganisira mazita ekuberekwa kwepabonde, hutano hwepanyama, zvirwere, uye kusawirirana kwemakemikari. Zvirwere zvokurapa zvinowanzotengeswa mumasikirwo emasikirwo, kunyange zvazvo mishonga inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nedimwe rudzi rwepfungwa .
- Nzira yekufungidzira: Kuziva kwekufunga kwepfungwa dzisina kufanira kunotarisa kuti pfungwa dzemukati, maonero, nekufunga zvinokonzera sei kushaiwa kwepfungwa. Mafungiro ehupfungwa anowanzoisa pakubatsira mumwe munhu kuchinja mafungiro ake kana kusateerera. Chirwere chekufunga chinogonawo kushandiswa pamwe chete nemitemo yekuzvibata mune imwe nzira inozivikanwa sekunzwisisa kugadzirisa tsika inonzi therapy (CBT).
Mhando dzePsychological Disorders
Zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinotsanangurwa sezvirongwa zvezviito zvepfungwa kana zvepfungwa zvinokonzera nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu. Izvi zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinokonzera kutambudzika kune munhu ane zviratidzo.
Bhuku Rekuziva uye Rokusimudzira reMental Disorders rakabudiswa neAmerica Psychiatric Association (APA) uye rinoshandiswa nevanodzidzisa nezvehutano hwepfungwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Bhuku racho rine mazita ezvirwere zvepfungwa, zviratidzo zvekuongororwa, ruzivo pamusoro pekupararira kwedambudziko rimwe nerimwe, uye chirwere chekuongorora.
Zvimwe zvezvikamu zvehutano hwepfungwa zvinosanganisira:
- Simba rinoshandisa zvinetso
- Matambudziko epfungwa, akadai sokuora mwoyo uye bipolar disorder
- Matambudziko okuzvidya mwoyo, akadai sehutano hwehutano hwevanhu, panic disorder, uye zvinokonzera kushungurudzika kwepfungwa
- Neurodevelopmental disorders, zvakadai sokuremara kwepfungwa kana autism spectrum disorder
- Matambudziko eurourogogital sezvinonzi delirium
- Unhu hwehutano hwevanhu, hwakadai semuganhu wehutano hwehutano hwehupenyu, kudzivisa hutano hwehutano, uye kukanganisa-kusagadzikana kwehutano hwehutano
Kunzwisisa Kusakanganisika Kunogona Kuvandudza Upenyu
Abnormal psychology inogona kutarisa pamatongerwo ematauriro, asi chinangwa chake hachisi chekuita kuti vanhu vose vakwanise kuve netsanangudzo shoma ye "yakanaka." Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko angave achikonzera kushushikana kana kuora mwoyo pane zvimwe zvehupenyu hwomunhu. Nekunzwisisa zviri nani "zvisingawanzoitiki," vatsvakurudzi nevarapi vanogona kuuya nenzira itsva yekubatsira vanhu kurarama hupenyu huri nani uye hunozadzisa hupenyu.