Mutengo weMetabolism Unopera Kubva Munhu Munhu
Sei vamwe vanhu vachinwa doro rakawanda uye vamwe? Sei vamwe vanonwa dambudziko vachikurira matambudziko makuru ehutano nekuda kwekunwa kwavo asi vamwe vasingaiti?
Kunwa doro kunowedzera mukana wekusiyana kwehuipi hwehutano hwehutano - doro . chiropa chechiropa uye chirwere. Asi, vamwe vanonwa vanoratidzika sevari pangozi yakakura yokugadzirisa matambudziko aya kupfuura vamwe.
Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti mutsauko unogona kusanganisira kuti muviri unopedzisira sei uye kubvisa doro-izvo zvinogona kusiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe munhu kune mumwe munhu, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kushanya Kwakawedzerwa Doro Kunogadzirwa Sei?
Hazvina mhosva kuti munhu anodha doro rakawanda sei, muviri unogona kungoita zvinodhaka zveawa imwe nguva. Icho chati yakaratidzwa pamusoro apa inoratidza mavhareji nguva iyo yaitora masere evanhurume vakuru kuti vadzokere kune zero ropa-doro rehuwandu hwehuwandu mushure mekutsva nekukurumidza kweiyo 1-4 zvinwiwa zvinodha .
Icho chati chinoratidza kuti avo vanonwa imwe chete yekunwa yakanyorwa BAC ya00 muawa inopfuura maawa maviri gare gare. Vaya vakange vane zvidha zvina panguva yekutanga, havana kudzokera ku-0.00 BAC kusvikira maawa manomwe gare gare.
Ndiko kuti muviri unogona kuputsa doro rakawandisa uye kuubvisa kubva muropa rega kweawa. Nguva dzinoratidzwa muchati ndezvenharaunda; nguva iyo munhu mumwe nomumwe anotora kunotengesa doro kunogona kusiyana, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotsanangurwa pasi apa.
The Metabolism of Alcohol
Apo doro rinopedzwa rinopinda muropa kubva mudumbu uye mumatumbo. Zvadaro enzyme - mishonga yemuviri inoputsa mamwe makemikari - inotanga kushandisa doro.
Maviri enzymes - doro dehydrogenase (ADH) uye aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) - anotanga kuputsa dorosi yewaini kuitira kuti igone kupedzwa kubva mumuviri.
ADH inobatsira kushandura doro kune acetaldehyde. Izvo enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) uye catalase zvakare inoderedza doro kune acetaldehyde.
A Carcinogen Inotyisa
Acetaldehyde inongova mumuviri kwechinguva chiduku nokuti inokurumidza kuchinjwa kuti iite acetate nedzimwe mhepo. Iyo acetate inowedzera kuputsika mumvura uye
Kunyange zvazvo acetaldehyde iripo mumuviri kwenguva pfupi, inonyanya kuora uye inonzi kancinogen inozivikanwa.
Iro doro rakawanda rinoshandiswa nechiropa sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa, asi zvishoma zvishoma zvinobviswa mumuviri nekuumba mafuta ethyl esters (FAEEs), masanganisi akawanikwa achikuvadza chiropa uye pancreas.
Uyewo, shoma shomanana haigoni kuputika uye inopedzwa mumhepo uye mumugini. Iyi ndiyo nzira yeropa-inodhaka yehuwandu inotaridzwa mumhepo yekufema uye urini.
Ngozi dzeAcetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru pachiropa nokuti ndiko kunonyanya kunwa doro kunopisa-chibereko. Zvisinei, imwe doro inoshandiswa mumascreas uye muuropi, apo acetaldehyde inogonawo kukanganisa masero nemaviri.
Zviduku zvedoro zvinoshandiswa mumagadziro emimba, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa neacetaldehyde.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti migumisiro yeAcetaldehyde inopfuura kudarika kunogona kukonzera mishonga, asi inogonawo kuva nemhosva yehumwe hutsika uye hupenyu hunoitika hunoita doro.
IAcetaldehyde Inokonzera Kuora Mwoyo Here?
Apo vatsvakurudzo vaitora acetaldehyde kumhuka ye laboratory yakakonzera kusawirirana, kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa, uye kurara.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti hazvibviri kuti acetaldehyde chete iite kuti zvive nemigumisiro iyi nokuti uropi hunozvidzivirira kubva kune mishonga inotyisa muropa neropa raro rakasiyana-siyana remakumbo.
Zvisinei, apo maitiro enhengo catalase uye CYP2E1 inoshandisa dorosi doro - iyo inongoitika chete kana mari yakawanda inopedzwa - acetaldehyde inogona kubudiswa muuropi pachayo.
The Genetics Pure Metabolism
Kukura kwechiropa uye mumuviri mashoma weanwiwa ndizvo zvinokonzerwa nekudhakwa kwehuwandu hwemunhu kunogona kushandiswa muawa, saka saka iyo iyo munhu anoshandisa doro inogona kusiyana zvikuru.
Asi, kutsvakurudza kunotitaurira kuti ruzivo rwemajini rwemunhu mumwechete ndiro rinonyanya kukosha pakubudirira kana kuti kwete doro kunoputswa uye kubviswa.
Kusiyana kweAIDS uye ALDH enzymes zvakatorwa kune kusiyana kwemajeni anobudisa aya enzymes. Vamwe vanhu vane ADY uye ALDH enzymes inoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura vamwe, asi vamwe vane enzymes inoshanda zvakanyanya.
Vamwe Vanhu Vane Mashoma Enzymes Akabudirira
Zvakare, izvi zvinoreva kuti vamwe vanhu vane enzyme dzinogona kuputsa doro kune acetaldehyde, kana acetaldehyde kuti iite acetate, nokukurumidza kupfuura vamwe.
Kana mumwe munhu ane enzyme yeAA-fast-acting kana inonzi ac-slow-acting ALDH enzyme inogona kuva nehutu yeAcetaldehyde inovaka mumuviri, iyo inogona kuunza njodzi kana kuti isingafadzi kana iyo inwa doro.
Izvi zvinogonawo kuva chikonzero kana kuti haasi iye munhu anokonzerwa nekuita doro kushandisa zvinetso.
Semuenzaniso, kune kuchinja kumwe kwema enzyme inokonzera kuvaka kweAcetaldehyde kusvika pakukonzera kukonzera chiso, kusuruvara, nekukurumidza kwemwoyo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika pamwe nekukodha kunwa doro.
Kudzivirirwa Kukurudzira Kudhakwa
Nokudaro, vanhu vane ruzivo rwakasiyana-ruzhinji rwevanhu vechiChinese, veJapan neKorea-vanowanzomwa zvishoma nekuti vanowana kunwa doro kuti zvive zvakaipa. Maitiro avo akasiyana-siyana ane chidziviriro chekudzivirira kudhakwa .
Icho chivi chekuchengetedza, ADH1B * 2 inowanzowanika kune vanhu vekuEurope neAfrica. Imwe yakasiyana, ADH1B * 3, inowanikwa mu15-25% yeAfrica America uye inodzivirira kurwisa doro.
Zvisinei, imwe tsvakurudzo yakawana kusiyana kwe enzyme ye ALDH, ALDH1A1 * 2 uye ALDH1A1 * 3, inogona kusanganiswa nekudhakwa muAfrica-America.
Hazvisi Zvose Zvipenyu
Kunyange zvazvo kuenzana kwemasvikiro emakemikari kunogona kuita basa mukuchengetedza munhu kurwisana nekudha doro, kana kwete, zvakatipoteredza zvinogona kuita basa rinokosha zvakare.
Semuenzaniso, apo tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti madoroja eJapan aitakura chidziviriro ADH1B * 2 gene version yakawedzera kubva pa2,5 kusvika ku13 kubva muna 1979 kusvika muna 1992, kunwa doro muJapan kwakawedzera zvikuru.
Uyezve, muUnited States vazhinji vekuAmerica vanofa nechinokonzera doro kune dzimwe dzedzinza, asi vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti hapana misiyano mumadziro enzyme kana kuti doro metabolism yeVanhu veAmerica neCaucasians, zvichiratidza kuti pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinotamba mu kukura kwezvinetso zvine chokuita nedoro .
Utano Migumisiro Doro reMetabolism
Dambudziko rakawandisa kana risingaperi rekudhakwa rave rakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwakareba hwehutano husina kunaka hwehutano, asi mamwe matambudziko ehutano akabatanidzwa zvakananga nekuti doro rinoshandiswa sei mumuviri uye kugadzirwa kweacetaldehyde.
Kanzira - Iyo inogadzirisa zvinokonzera acetaldehyde yakabatanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwekenza yemuromo, puroti, kumusoro kwepamusoro, chiropa, colon, uye chifuva. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti majee "anochengetedza" vamwe kubva pakuwedzera kudhakwa kunogona kuwedzera kukanganisa kwavo pakuva nekenza.
Kunyange zvazvo vasingakwanisi kunwa doro rakawandisa, vari pangozi yekukonzera kenza nekuti miviri yavo inobereka acetaldehyde pavanonwa.
Nokudaro, kunyange vamwe vanonwisa zvinonwiwa ingozi yakawanda yekuve nekenza.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) - Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanonwa zvakanyanyisa vari pangozi yakanyanya nokuti vanogonawo kutambura nekushaya zvokudya zvakashata. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kudya kwakashata kunogona kuita kuti amai vagadzire doro zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mwana asina kuberekwa anogona kukuvadzwa nekuwedzera kuwedzerwa kunwa doro nekuda kwekudzikira kwemaitiro kunononoka uye kuwedzerwa doro kunogona kudzivirira mwana kuti asagamuchire kudya kwakakodzera kuburikidza ne placenta, zvichiita kuti pave nekukura kwekukura.
Dorosi Chiropa Zvirwere - Nokuti chiropa ndiro nhengo inoshandisa doro muzhinji mumuviri uye naizvozvo iyo yakawanda yeacetaldehyde inogadzirwa, inonyanya kunetseka nehutachiona hwemagetsi. Vanopfuura 90% vanodhakwa zvinodhaka vanowedzera mafuta echiropa.
Alcoholic Pancreatitis - Nokuti doro rinoshandiswa newaini rinowanikwawo mumapancreas, rinoratidzwa nepamusoro yeAcetaldehyde uye FAEEs. Zvisinei, pasi pe10% yevanwiwa zvinodhaka vanovaka doro rekudhakwa, zvichiratidza kuti kunwa doro chete hakusi chete chinhu chinoita kuti uwedzere chirwere chacho.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kusanganisira kusvuta, kudya, kunwa maitiro uye kusiyana kwekuti doro rinoshandiswa sei doro rinogona kuita basa, asi hapana rave rakanyatsobatanidzwa nehupakitiri.
Vakadzi uye Doro Metabolism
Vakadzi vanonwisa uye vanodhakwa doro zvakasiyana nevarume. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti vakadzi vanogona kunge vane maitiro eAJ enzyme shoma mudumbu, zvichibvumira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwewaini kuti vasvike muropa vasati vashandiswa.
Izvi zvinogona kuva chinhu chimwe chevakadzi vanonwa doro vari kunyanya kunwa doro chechirwere chirwere, kushungurudzika kwemisvo yemwoyo uye kukuvara kwehupi kupfuura varume.
Mimwe Migumisiro Doro reMetabolism
Muviri Weight - Doro rinoshandiswa hazvirevi kuti rinotora kuwedzera kwehutano hwemuviri, pasinei nehuwandu hwepamusoro wekororiki. Kunyange zvazvo kunwa doro zvisina mwero hakuiti kuti uwedzere kuwedzera muvarume kana vakadzi vakadzikama, zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti doro rakawedzerwa kune kudya kwevanhu vanodarika kuwanda kunotungamirira kuhuwandu hwekuwedzera.
Zvepabonde Hora - Muvarume , doro rinokonzerwa nedoro rinokonzera kukuvadza kwepupuriro uye kunokanganisa testosterone synthesis uye mbeu yekubudisa. Nguva yakareba testosterone inoshaya inogona kuita kuti vakadzi vave vakadzi, somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwepamu.
Madzimai, doro metabolism inogona kukonzera kuwedzerwa kwe-estradiol uye kuderera kwesradiol metabolism, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa mazinga. Estradiol inobatsira kuwedzerwa kwehutano hwepfupa uye kupedzisira kwaderedza dambudziko rekushaya chirwere chetachiona.
Mishonga - Alorohol consumptions inokanganisa metabolism yemishonga yakasiyana-siyana, kuwedzera basa revamwe nekuderedza kushanda kwevamwe.
Doro rinopera rinodhaka rakawanikwa richiita basa reYYP2E1 enzyme iyo inogona kuchinja acetaminophen muikemikisi inotyisa inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwechiropa kunyange kana inotorwa mumishonga yenguva dzose yekurapa.
Metabolism-Based Treatment of Alcoholism
Sangano reNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism raibhadhara mari yekutsvakurudza rinoenderera mberi kuongorora kuti kuchinja kwekuti muviri unoita sei doro kunobatsira nei vamwe vanhu vachimwa kupfuura vamwe uye nei vamwe vachikurira zvinetso zvehutano zvakakomba.
Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti muviri unopedzisira sei uye kubvisa doro kunogona kuita kuti chikonzero chekutsanangura kusiyana uye kupfuurira mberi kutsvakurudza kunogona kubatsira mukugadzirisa zvirwere zvemasabolism kune avo vanonwa doro avo vari pangozi yekugadzirisa matambudziko ane chokuita nedoro.
Sources:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. "Doro Metabolism." Alcohol Alert January 1997
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. "Doro Metabolism: Chiitiko." Doro Rinoyevedza July 2007
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. "Mazita ekudhakwa kwewaini doro: basa rewaini dehydrogenase uye aldehyde dehydrogenase zvakasiyana." Mabhuku Akawanikwa 2015