Kuzvinyima kwechinhu chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chinosanganisira kamwe kamwe kuratidzira mufambiro waifungidzirwa kuti hauna kupera. Izvi zvinogona kushanda kune mhinduro dzakagadzirwa kuburikidza zvose zvechikoro uye zvinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu. Kuzvinyima kunogona kunotsanangurwa sekudzoka kwemaitiro akachengetwa mushure mekuzorora kwenguva kana nguva yekupindura kuderera. Kana mamiriro ekusimudzirwa uye kusagadziriswa kusinganzwisisiki hazvisati zvichisanganiswa, kuparara kuchaitika nokukurumidza zvikuru mushure mekudzikinurwa kwepano.
Mienzaniso
Kunyange kana iwe usingazivi zvakawanda zvepfungwa dzepfungwa, iwe pamwe wakanzwa zvishoma nezvekuongorora kweIvan Pavlov kunowanzozivikanwa nembwa. MuPavlov's classic experiment , imbwa dzaive dzakagadziriswa kuti dzirambe dzichinzwa inzwi rekutaura. Kutinhira kwekutaura kwaiwanzobhurana pamwe chete nehurukuro yezvokudya. Pakupedzisira, kutinhira kwekutaura kwacho ndiko kwakatungamirira imbwa kuti dzigadzikane. Pavlov akacherechedza zvakare kuti haasisiri kuwirirana nekutaura kwezvokudya zvakaita kuti kupera, kana kuti kuparara, kwekuita salivation.
Saka chii chaizoitika kana paiva ne "nguva yokuzorora" iyo yaive isisipo. Pavlov akawana kuti mushure memazuva maviri ekuzorora, kupindura kwakakonzerwa nokukurumidza apo izwi rakataurirwa. Chaizvoizvo, mhuka dzakangoerekana dzawana mhinduro iyo yakanga yapfuura.
Kune mumwe muenzaniso, fungidzira kuti wakashandisa classical conditioning kudzidzisa imbwa yako kutarisira chikafu chero nguva paanonzwa ding bhero.
Paunenge uchingoridza bhero, imbwa yako inomhanyira kukicheni inogara nehombodo yezvokudya. Mushure mokunge mhinduro yave yakagadziriswa, iwe unobva urega kupa chikafu mushure mekuridza bhero. Nokufamba kwenguva, mhinduro inodzimwa, uye imbwa yako inorega kupindura inzwi. Iwe unorega kuridza bhero zvachose, asi mazuva mashomanana gare gare unosarudza kuedza kurira bhero zvakare.
Imbwa yako inomhanyira muimba uye inomirira ndiro yake, ichiratidza muenzaniso wakakwana wekudzikinura kwepachimwe chekuita mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kunyatsogadzirisa Kudzokorora Kunoshanda
Kuti unzwisise zvakakwana kuponeswa kwepachivande uye kuti inoshanda sei, zvinokosha kuti utange nekunyatsonzwisisa classical conditioning process pachayo.
Ko classical chimiro chinoitika sei:
- Chikoro chechimiro chinosanganisira kuumba sangano pakati pekusarerekera kune zvematongerwe enyika uye kusagadziriswa kusingaverengeki kwomuzvarirwo uye zvinowanzoita mhinduro. Kusvetuka mukupindura kune inzwi guru rekunyengedzera mukupindura kunhuhwira kwekudya kwemanheru muvheni zvose mienzaniso yekusagadzikana kusingaiti. Mhinduro yako kune zvinhu izvi inoitika kamwe-kamwe pasina ruzivo rwekudzidza, ndicho chikonzero iyo inotumidzwa semhinduro isina kubvumirwa .
- Mushure mekunge uchinge uchinganisa chimwe chinhu nechisimba chisingadikanwi, chiitiko chakanga chisati chava neutachiona chinotanga kutanga kuita mhinduro imwe chete, panguva iyo inozozivikanwa sechirongwa chekusimudzira . Idzidziro yekudzidzira kune chinokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu ikozvino inotumidzwa semhinduro yakagadziriswa .
Semuenzaniso, mumutambo wainzi Little Albert , vatsvakurudzi John B. Watson naRosalie Rayner vakaramba vachikwirirana nenzwi guru (kusagadziriswa kusingadi) nekutaura kwechichena chikwata (iyo isina kutora pfungwa).
Mwana ari mukuedza kwavo akanga asingatyi mhuka asi kazhinji anotya nezwi guru (mhinduro isina kufanirwa). Mushure mokunge paine maitiro akawanda emutinhiro uye kuonekwa kwekato, mwana wacho akazopedzisira aratidza kutya kwekutya (ikozvino kwave kuzivikanwa sechimiro chemuitiro) chero nguva paakaona chichena chichena (iyo yakagadziriswa stimulus).
Saka chii chingave chakaitika kudai Watson naRayner vakamira pakurongedza pfumo uye ruzha? Pakutanga, mwana wacho aizongoramba achitya. Pashure pemitambo yakawanda yekuona mhuka pasina chero ruzha rwuripo, kutya kwomwana kungangotanga kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma uye pakupedzisira angave akatorega kuratidza kutya kwekutaura.
Chikonzero nei Kuvandudza Pasi Pose Kunokosha
Asi kana mhinduro yakagadziriswa ichidzimwa, inonyangarika zvachose here? Dai Watson naRayner vakabva vapa mukomana nguva shomanana yekuzorora vasati vadzorerazve kamu, Little Albert angangodaro akaratidzira kugadzirisa kwega kwekutya kwekutya.
Sei kuporeswa kwepachivande kwakakosha zvikuru? Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuparara hakusi chinhu chakafanana nekusaziva. Kunyange zvazvo mhinduro inogona kupera, izvi hazvirevi kuti yakanganwika kana kubviswa.
Mushure mokunge mhinduro yakagadziriswa yadzimwa, kuregererwa kwepanyama kunogona kukura zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo nguva inopfuura. Zvisinei, mhinduro yakadzoka kazhinji haizovi simba rakafanana neshoko rekutanga kunze kwekunge mamwe maitiro akaitika. Kuwandisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekutsakatika kwakateverwa nekudzoka kunowanzoguma nekupindurwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuzvinyima kwepanyama kunogona kuramba kuchiitika, asi mhinduro ichave isina kunyanya.
Sources:
Schacter, DL, Gilbert, DT, & Wegner, DM Psychology. New York: Worth Worth Publishers; 2011.
Watson, JB & Rayner, R. Zvakataridzika mafungiro emweya. Zvinyorwa zveUongorori Pepychology. 1920; 3: 1-14.