Maererano nenyanzvi yepfungwa uye nekudhakwa, nyanzvi, Jim Orford, zvinodhakwa zvinogona kunzwisiswa sezvido zvekare izvo zvakanyanyisa kuburikidza nehutano hwepfungwa. Iyi ndiyo maonero akasiyana zvakasiyana kubva pamaitiro evanhu vanoita zvinodhaka sezvinonyanya kutungamirirwa nechirwere chinodhaka chinopedzwa, soro, cocaine, kana heroin.
Imwe nzira yaJim Orford yekunyatsonzwisisa kukanganisa yakatanga kusimbiswa muna 1985, pamwe nekudhindwa kwebhuku rake-break-out Appetites: A Psychological View of Addictions. Shanduro yechipiri yebhuku yakabudiswa muna 2000.
Chinangwa Chaicho
Pfungwa huru pakati penyaya iyi ndeyokuti kutengesa kune marudzi ezvokudya zvakanyanya, kwete maitiro ekuvimba nemishonga. Izvinyorwa zvishanu zvepfungwa dzaakatsanangura munyaya idzi dziri kunwa doro, kubhejera, kutora zvinodhaka, kudya, uye kurovedza muviri. Iyi mienzaniso inosarudzwa semuenzaniso wakajeka uye wakanyatsotaridzirwa wezvakaitika zvekudhakwa, zvose zviri pachena uye kwete zvinetso kune vanhu vazhinji, asi zvakanyanya uye zvinotambudza kana zvibatanidziro zvakasimba kwavari zvakagadzirwa mune vashomanana vevanhu.
Kunyange zvazvo kuwedzerwa kwekuda kwemaonero kunonzwisisa doro uye zvinodhaka sezvinodhakwa, zvinoratidzika semuenzaniso wekudhakwa, pane kutora zvose zvakaitika zvekudhakwa nega .
Muzvokwadi, maererano nemaonero aya, zvinetso zvinoshamisa zvinosanganiswa nemishonga yekudhakwa zvakanyanyisa zvakanyanyisa kunzwisisa kwatinoita zviri kuitika nekudhakwa. Panzvimbo pokuva purogiramu chaiyo yepanyama, maonero aya anotsanangura kusagadzikana senzira yakaoma yepfungwa, inosanganisira nhamba huru yezvipo zvinopa.
Zviitiko Zvinosanganiswa Mukudarika Kwezvokudya Zvipfeko
Pfungwa yokuti kusvuta ndeyekudya kwakanyanya kwakasiyana nedzidziso dzakare kare munzira mbiri dzinokosha. Chokutanga, kusvuta kunorondedzerwa senzira huru yemagariro, kwete chirwere chepanyama. Chechipiri, kupindwa muropa kunogona kuitika mukupindira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviito zvakasiyana, kwete kungoita doro nemimwe mishonga, iyo inowanzoita basa rekudhakwa.
Kunyanya kuda kudya chirevo chekunyadzisa ndeimwe yezvimbiso zvakasimba uye zvakajeka zvekuvapo kwezviito zvekutadza , zvakadai sekubhejera kusagadzikana , kudya zvinodhaka uye kushandiswa kwemishonga , izvo zvakanyatsobatanidzwa uye zvakaongororwa munyanzvi. Zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nehutano zvinosanganisira kushungurudzwa kwepabonde , kutengesa kweterevhizheni, kutengesa terevhizheni , utambo hwemutambo wevhidhiyo , nezvimwewo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinomanikidzirwa. Anotaurawo nezvekuita zvinetso zvakadai sekutengesa mabhii uye kufara sezvinogona kukanganisa.
Zvisinei, zvichida zvinoshamisa, muvambi wezvidzidzo, Jim Orford, akakavhiringidza pfungwa yake yekutsvaira kushandiswa yakawedzerwa kusvika pakuderedza pfungwa, uye nokudaro nekuderedza kukosha kwayo. Kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vedzidziso vakaderedza pfungwa iyi kuti isinganzwisisiki, sekuti kana musingaiti chirevo ichocho, pfungwa yokuti iwe unogona kupindwa muropa nemabasa ezuva nezuva asina migumisiro yakaipa, yakadai sekutamba tennis kana kuti mitambo, iri kunyanya kushaikwa pfungwa yacho zvachose - - iyo yose yenharo ndeyokuti kune misi yakaipa inokonzera kukuvadza kune mumwe munhu kana kune avo vakavapoteredza.
Munhu ane chinodhaka angave kana kuti asingafariri basa racho, uye haisi kufarira kana kupokana kunokonzera dambudziko. Iko kusagadzikana kwebasa racho kusvika pakurema kunoshungurudza vanhu, uye zvakadaro tsika dzinoramba dzichiripo, kunyange kana munhu achida kumira, ndicho chinetso.
> Sources
> Orford, J. Kuwedzerwa Appetites: Mafungiro ePfungwa Nezvokudhakwa. Yechipiri Edition. New York neLondon: Wiley.
> Orford, J. Zvidimbu sezvido zvakanyanya. Addiction, 2001 Jan; 96 (1): 15-31.