Chimwe Chedu-Chizivikanwa
Pakati pevashoma-vanozivikanwa uye vashoma-vakadzidza kudya chirwere chepfungwa maitiro aya anozivikanwa sekucheka nekupfira . Basa iri rine chekudya, kazhinji zvokudya zvinonakidza uye simba-dense, uye zvinoputira iyo isati yambedza. Chinangwa chemuitiro ndechokunakidzwa nekutarisa kwekudya panguva yekudzivirira kuiswa kweakori. Kucheka nekupfira kune zvimwe zvakafanana nekudzivirira mune zvekuti zvinosanganisira kudya zvakakura zvekudya kwekoriyori pane zvazvakatarisirwa, asiwo zvakafanana nekugadzirisa kudya mune kuti zvokudya hazvisi zvekudya.
Kucheka nekupfira mu DSM-5
Pakutanga, kusvetwa kwaifungidzirwa kuti ndiyo imwe nzira yokurutsa , saka yakadzidzwa zvikuru mumadzimai ane bulimia nervosa . Mushanduro yepakutanga yeDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), kutsva nekupfira kwakarongerwa sechiratidzo chekudya chirwere chisina kutsanangurwa (EDNOS), icho chiri mu DSM-5 chakatsiviwa nechikamu chezvimwe zvakatsanangurwa kudya uye kudya chirwere (OSFED ).
Zvisinei, DSM-5 haina kunyora kucheka nekupfira pasi chero dambudziko rimwe chete nokuti zvino rave richiziva kuti chiito chinogona kuitika mukati mehutano hwehutano hwekutsvaga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kuratidzirwa nevarwere vanoonekwa vane anorexia nervosa , bulimia nervosa, kana zvimwe zvinorondedzerwa chirwere. Yakaramba ichitaridzwa kuti inowanikwa mumatunhu akakwirira pakati pevanhu vakawana chirongwa chebhaatric, kuwedzera kwevanhu.
Research in Chewing and Spitting
Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakatanga kubudiswa nyaya (De Zwaan, 1997) yemafambiro akatsanangurwa mukadzi ane makore 19 ane anorexia aiperekedzwa nekucheka nekupfira:
Anogona kupedza maawa akawanda muimba yekugezera kana kusvibisa chikafu mumabhegi anotakura, zvose mumba uye paaifamba mumigwagwa. Kucheka nekupfira kwakatora kusvika maawa matanhatu zuva rega roga, kuchidzivirira kuti asaidzidza uye kubva kune vekugarisana nevamwe. Amai vake vakatsigira kudya kwemhuri mazuva ese. Sezvakaitika mumazuva ake anorectic, akabudirira pakuvanza zvokudya kubva patafura yake muhomwe dzake uye pasi petafura pasina vabereki vake vachizviona. Akanyara kwazvo pamusoro pemafambiro ake uye pakutanga akaramba kunyange kutaura pamusoro pazvo, kana mumwe munhu kana muchirongwa cheboka.
Kutsvakurudza nezvekucheka nekupfira kwakapfupika. Kucheka nekupfira kunowanzobatanidzwa nezvimwe zvinogadzirisa zvinetso zvekudya zvirwere (zvakadai sokudyiwa kwepiritsi, kushandiswa kwezvokudya, uye kurovedza muviri zvakanyanya ) pane kubata binge / purge behavior. Nzira yacho inogona kuva yakanyanya uye inogona kuwirirana nehukuru hwepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Kucheka nekupfira kunobatanidzawo zvakanyanya zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere uye kuzviuraya. Vanhu vanochera uye vanopfira mate, kune vamwe varwere vane zvinetso zvekudya vasingatsvaki uye vanopfira mate, vane zvikwiriso zvakakwirira pamusoro pezviyero zvemuviri wezvido zvemuviri, kufungisisa nehuwandu uye kuyerwa, kuora mwoyo, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kusazvibata kunokanganisa maitiro.
Pakati pekudya chirwere chevarwere vanobvumirwa kune chirongwa chekuzvibata, chirwere chepachirwere, uye chisina kukodzera chirongwa chekuchengetedza chirwere chekudya kwekutenda kwakabvumirwa kubatanidzwa mukudzidza naWalda nevanoshanda navo, 34 muzana vakabvumirwa kune imwe nhamba yekucheka nekupfira mumwedzi musati vapinda, uye 19 muzana vakataura kuva nguva dzose chewers / spitters avo vaiita mutsika kazhinji pavhiki. Mune chidzidzo chevarwere veKorea vane zvinetso zvekudya, 25 muzana vaiita mukucheka nekupfira. Kuwanda kwekucheka uye kuparadzira zvokudya kwakafungidzirwa kuti inenge 31 muzana yevarwere vanotevera chirongwa chebhaatric.
Mune mapepa avo, Guarda nevanoshanda navo vanodaro kuti "Kunyange zvazvo vakasiyana mukuratidza, maitiro anotsanangurwa seanotungamirirwa uye anoomanikidza uye dzimwe nguva anobatanidzwa nemanzwiro ekurasikirwa kwekutonga. Sezvakanyanya kudya kudya kwepfungwa, kukwira kwayo kunogona kukonzera kusabatanidzwa kwevanhu, kushaya zvokudya zvakanyanya, kuzvizvidza, kushaya mhosva, uye kuzvidemba. Kune vanhu vanotsvaga uye vanoparadzira zvakawanda zvezvokudya zuva rega rega, matambudziko emari anogona kuva mamwe maitiro. "
Kucheka nekupfira: Murefu weGona
Kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvekucheka nekupfira kunoratidza kuti tsika inoshandiswa seyo nzira yekudzivirira-kurema uye "kazhinji yaibatanidza nemafungiro asina kunaka sekuzviti kuzvidemba, kuora mwoyo, uye kunyadziswa, asi kungangodaro kusina kunetseka kudarika kubhadhara uye kuchenesa . "
Munharaunda yeIndaneti, varwere vanochera uye vanopfira vanotaura kunyadziswa kukuru pamusoro pemafambiro. Inotsanangurwawo sehutsika hunoendeswa mberi uye hunoomanikidza uye hwakaoma zvikuru kumira. Iko kune kazhinji kakawanda pakavanzika pamusoro pemafambiro uye avo vanobatana mukucheka nekupfira vanogona kunge vari voga sezvavanoedza kuzvivanza.
Migumisiro yeUrwere yekuchera nekupfira
Kunyange zvazvo zvingaratidzika sechiratidzo chinonyanyisa, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nekurutsira, migumisiro yekucheka nekupfira ingave yakakomba. Zviratidzo zvakafanana kune zvakawanikwa nekurutsira mu bulimia nervosa uye zvinogona kusanganisira:
- zvinonzwika dzikadzikira salivary glands
- mudumbu ulcers
- Zvinetso zvemadzinha zvakadai semapanga uye kuora kwezino
- hormonal imbalances
Kutaura nezvezviratidzo izvi zvekurapa kunoda kudzivisa maitiro. Kusungurudzika kwemafuro uye mapundu echetera kunogona kubatsira kupa ruzamuro rwezvinyungudzuru zvekudzivirira. Varwere vanofanira kuona chiremba uye chiremba wemazino kuti vakurukure nzira dzinogona kushandiswa pakuchengetwa kwemakumbo, mahomoni, uye mazino.
Kuongorora uye Kuchengeta Kucheka nekupwanya
Kucheka nekupfira hazviwanzoongororwa nevashandi, uye vatengi vangave vasingadi kuitaura nekuda kwekunyadziswa pamusoro pemafambiro.
Muduku mumabhuku ekurapa anonyatsotaura nezvekucheka nekupfira. Psychotherapy uye chirongwa chekudya kunovaka muviri kune varwere vane zvinetso zvekudya vanochera uye vanopfira vanofanira kugadzirisa kumira kwekudya mafambiro kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kwekudya nguva dzose. Nzwisisiro-maitiro mazano anobatsira pakugadzirisa kutsva nekupfira kunosanganisira kubvuma manzwiro ezvinonyadzisa, zvinopesana nemitemo yezvokudya, kushandiswa kwekunetseka mupfungwa, uye tsika yekuwedzera kuchinja.
Mazano Kune Nhengo dzemhuri
Kana nhengo yemhuri yako ichiratidza zviratidzo zvekudya kwekudya, unogona kutarisira zviratidzo zvekucheka nekupfira. Zviratidzo zvakananga zvekucheka nekupfira zvinogona kusanganisira:
- mitsva yekuchekwa asi zvokudya zvisina kugadzirwa muimba yavo, muimba yekugezera, kana mumarara
- kudya muchivande kana kunze kweimba
- kuchengetedza pakavanzika pakudya
- kunyadziswa kunopoteredza kudya
Kana iwe (kana mumwe munhu waunoziva) ari kutsva nekupfira, zvinokosha kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva kune unyanzvi uyo anonyatsoziva zvirwere zvekudya.
> Sources:
> Aouad, P., Hay, P., Soh, N., & Touyz, S. (2016). Chew and Spit (CHSP): kurongeka kwakarongeka. Nhoroondo yeDambudziko rekudya, 4 , 23. https://doi.org/ 10.1186 / s40337-016-0115-1
> Conceição, EM, Utzinger, LM, & Pisetsky, EM (2015). Kushungurudzwa Kwekudya uye Zvinetso Zvokudya Zvokudya Zvisati Zvasara uye Pashure Pokuvhiya Bariatric: Kufananidza, Kuongorora uye Kushamwaridzana neMitambo Yezvokurapa. Kudyidzana kweEurope Eating Disorders Review: The Journal of the Eating Disorders Association , 23 (6), 417-425.
> De Zwaan, M. (1997). Kucheka nekupfira zvokudya mukutambudzika kwekudya. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice , 1 (1), 37-38.
> Guarda, AS, Coughlin, JW, Cummings, M., Marinilli, A., Haug, N., Boucher, M., & Heinberg, LJ (2004). Kucheka nekupfira mumatambudziko ekudya uye ukama hwahwo nekudya zvakadzama. Kudya Zvinyorwa , 5 (3), 231-239.
> Rwiyo, YJ, Lee, J.-H., & Jung, Y.-C. (2015). Kucheka nekupfira zvokudya sechipo chekudzikinura kune varwere vane dambudziko rekudya. Comprehensive Psychiatry , 62 , 147-151.