Ndeipi nzira yekuongorora zvirwere zvekudya yakachinjwa?
Zviratidzo zvekuongorora zvirwere zvekudya zvakachinja zvikuru nekubudiswa kweDaagnostic & Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders edition yechishanu, mumatambudziko akawanda zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune vanachiremba kuti vaongorore munhu ane chirwere chekudya.
Iyo DSM inowanzotumidzwa se "bhaibheri" yenyika yezvepfungwa uye yehutano, uye saka kuchinja kuongororwa muzvinyorwa zvitsva zvinotakura uremu hwevamwe vehutano hwepfungwa.
Ikozvino shanduro, DSM-V, yakabudiswa muna 2013 uye yakanga isiri yakamirira kwenguva refu uye inopikisana zvikuru pakati pevanotsvakurudza uye vanachiremba. Iko shanduro yekare, DSM-IV-TR, yakabudiswa muna 2000.
Heano mutsara muchidimbu chekuchinja kwekuongorora zvirwere zvekudya zviri mu DSM-V:
Binge-Eating Disorder
Kwenguva yokutanga, DSM-V inosanganisira kurara-kudya chirwere sehutano hwakakwana uye hunogona kuongororwa.
Sangano reDMM-IV-TR raisanganisira chirwere chekudya-chinetso sechirongwa chemazuva ano che "chinangwa chekutsvakurudza." Chaizvoizvo, shanduro yacho yaifunga kuti binge-kudya chirwere sekunge ichangobva kuziva kuti nzira yehutano yakanga isati yafungidzirwa zvachose kuburikidza nekudhonza kunze.
Zvakanaka, shanduko iyi inofanira kupa zvakanyanya kune avo vari kurwisana nekutengesa binge uye vachava netariro yekuvapa zvimwe zvekugovera nekurapa, pamwe chete.
Anorexia Nervosa
I-DSM-V yakaita mbiri mbiri pakuchinja nzira iyo anorexia nervosa inowanikwa, iyo yose iyo inofanira kuita kuti zvive nyore kuonekwa neine mamiriro.
Mu DSM-IV-TR, kuitira kuti munhu akwanise kuongororwa kweanorexia nervosa, uremu hwavo hunofanira kunge huri pasi kana pasi pe85% yehutano hwakanaka hwemuviri (maererano nemuviri wehutu index), nokudaro kusabatanidzi avo zvaive zvakajeka kutambura asi zvakanga zvisati zvarasikirwa zvakakwana zvakakwana kuti zviongororwe zviri pamutemo.
Iyo DSM-V yakagadzirisa zvakare iyo kuti munhu wacho akawana "zvakanyanya kuderera kuyerwa." Inopawo vashandi vezvokurapa vane mano okurondedzera kusuruvara kwechirwere maererano nehutau hwehuwandu huno.
Chipiri chechipiri chakashandurwa kuongororwa kweanorexia nervosa ndechokuti vasikana vechidiki nevasikana havachafaniri kurasikirwa nenguva (chiitiko chinonzi amamorrhea) kuti vaonekwe ne anorexia nervosa. Mune shanduro yakatanga yeDMM, vakadzi vaifanira kunge vakadarika nguva nhatu kana kupfuura kuti vaongororwe.
Bulimia Nervosa
Zviratidzo zveDMM-V zvebulimia nervosa zvinoda kuti binge kudya uye kuzvipa mhosva zvinowanzoitika kamwechete pavhiki kwemwedzi mitatu. Iko kushanduka kubva kune zvakatemwa kare mu DSM-IV-TR, iyo inoda kuti kudya kwekudya nemaitiro ekudzivirira kubhadharwe kuitike kaviri pavhiki kwemwedzi mitatu.
Iyo yekare yekare yakarongedza zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuchenesa rudzi rwebulimia nervosa (apo iwe pachako-uchiita kurutsa kana kushandisa mairasi) uye kusagadzirisa rudzi rwebulimia nervosa (paunoshandisa kutsanya kana kuwedzera muviri). Mukati mutsva idzva, zvese zvezvipfeko zvekuzvibata zvakabatana pamwe chete, sezvo vanachiremba zvino vanoziva kuti vanotambura vanogona kupinda mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzezviito.
Shanduro itsva inobvumirawo vashandi kuti vatsanangure kana munhu wacho ari muchidimbu kana kuti kukanganwirwa kwakazara kubva kune chirwere, uye kuti chirwere chavo chakanyanya sei.
Nhamba dzekuoma dzakadzika pane kuti munhu anowanzosangana sei nekuchera zvikamu pamwe nekuwanda kwehutano kunobata hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Mamwe Marudzi Ekudya kana Kudya Kudya
Iyo DSM-V inosanganisira mamwe marudzi maviri ehutano hwekudya: "kumwe kudya kwakatsanangurwa kana chirwere chekudya" uye "kudya kusingazivikanwi kana chirwere chekudya." Izvozvi zvakanga zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete se "chirwere chekudya - zvisati zvataurwa" mu DSM-IV-TR.
"Zvimwe zvekudya zvakajeka kana chirwere chekudya" zvinonyanya kujeka uye zvinoshandiswa kunyanya kune vanhu vari kuuya nechimwe kana kuti zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zve anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa kana binge-kudya chirwere asi kana vasina kurasikirwa zvakakwana, havakwanisi zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika kana kuti hazvina kutambura kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti zvikwanise kuwana hutano hwakazara.
Iko kunosanganisira kukonzera chirwere chinowanikwa apo mumwe munhu anoshandisa maitiro ekuchenesa asi asingabatanidzi kuzvidya-tsika maitiro (semu bulimia nervosa).
"Kudya kusingazivikanwi kana kudyidzana kwekudya" ndeyezvipingamupinyi zvisingakodzeri mune imwe nharaunda yemazuva ano kana apo nyanzvi yekuongorora inenge isina ruzivo rwakakwana (yakadai mune imwe nzvimbo yekukurumidzira).
Chirwere chekuziva Chinoshanda Mubasa Rokufambira Mberi
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti DSM iri nguva dzose, uye nguva dzose yave iri, basa rinoenderera mberi. Ikoko kuenderera mberi kuva nhaurirano uye kusagadzikana pakati pevashandi pamusoro pezvinonyanya kukosha zvinongororwa.
Zvisinei, tsanangudzo dzinowanikwa muDMM dzinopa vatsvakurudzi nevakiriniki vane mutauro wokutaura pamusoro uye kutsanangura zviratidzo zvevanhu vakawanda vari kutambura, uye izvo zvavanoda kurapwa.
Kana iwe, kana mumwe munhu waunoziva, uri kutambura kune zvimwe kana zviratidzo zvose zvekudya kwekudya, tapota taurirana nachiremba, chireyikiti kana utano hwehutano hwepfungwa kuti uongorore uye kurapwa.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Munyori.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Kuongorora uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: Munyori.