Inonzi Muller-Lyer isingazivikanwi inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekunyengera umo mune miviri miviri yehurefu hwakafanana inoita sehurefu hwakasiyana. Ikokunyengedza kwakatanga kusikwa nemudzidzi wepfungwa wechiGermany ainzi Franz Carl Muller-Lyer muna 1889.
Uri kuonei?
Mumufananidzo wepamusoro, ndeupi mutsetse unowirika kwenguva refu? Kune vanhu vazhinji, mutsetse nemapapiro emuseve unobuda kunze unoratidzika kuva wakareba zvikuru apo mutsara nemiseve inopinza inotarisa mukati inowanikwa shoma.
Apo maziso ako angakuudza iwe kuti mutsara uri pakati ndihwo hurefu kwazvo, mumvuri wemitsara miviri yakafanana yakareba yakareba.
Kutanga kuwanika muna 1889 naC FC Muller-Lyer, kunyengedzwa kwave kwakava nyaya yekufarira uye nharo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabuda kuti dzitsanangure chiitiko.
Chinoshanda sei?
Mafungiro anokwanisa anogona kufara uye anofadza asi anoshandawo sechinhu chinokosha kune vatsvakurudzi. Nokutarisa maonero atinoona zviratidzo izvi, tinogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehutano hwehupfungwa nehutano . Zvisinei, nyanzvi haibvumirani nguva dzose pamusoro pechikonzero chaicho chinokonzera optical illusions, sezvinoitika kuna Muller-Lyer chinyorwa.
The Size Constancy Explanation
Maererano nenyanzvi dzepfungwa Richard Gregory, kunyengedzwa uku kunoitika nekuda kwekusashandisa kwekukura kwemazuva ose. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kukura nguva dzose kunotibvumira kunzwisisa zvinhu zviri munzira yakagadzikana kuburikidza nekutora kure.
Munyika nhatu-dimensional, mutemo uyu unotibvumira kuona munhu akareba serefu kana kuti akamira pedyo nesu kana kuti kure kure. Apo patinoshandisa mutemo iwoyo kune zvinhu zviviri-zvisikwa, Gregory anotaura, zvikanganiso zvinogona kuguma.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanopikisa kuti tsanangudzo yaGregory haina kunyatsotsanangura ichi chinyengeri.
Semuenzaniso, dzimwe shanduro dze Muller-Lyer tsvina dzinoshandisa midzungu miviri pakuguma kwehaft. Kunyange zvazvo pasina huno hwakadzika, zvinyorwa zvichiri kuitika. Izvo zvave zvichiratidzwawo kuti kunyengedzwa kunogona kuitika kana iwe uchiona zvinhu zvitatu-dimensional zvinhu.
The Depth Cue Explanation
Kunaya kunoita basa rinokosha mukukwanisa kwedu kutonga kure. Imwe tsanangudzo ye Muller-Lyer kunyengera ndeyokuti ubongo hwedu hunoona zvakadzika pamashizha maviri zvichienderana nehupamhi cues. Apo mapepa ari kutarisa kumucheto wemutsara, tinoiona semhepo yakanyanyisa yakafanana nekona yedzimba. Izvi zvinotitungamirira kuti tione mutsetse iwoyo zvakanyanya uye zvishoma naizvozvo.
Apo mapepa ari kutarisa kunze kubva kune mutsara, inoratidzika seyakona yekamuri rinotarisana nechemuona. Izvi zvinokurudzira kuti tive nokutenda kuti mutsara uyu uri pedyo nekudaro kwenguva refu.
The Conflicting Cues Tsanangudzo
Imwe tsanangudzo yakasarudzirwa inorongwa neRH Day inoratidza kuti Muller-Lyer kunyengera kunowanzovapo nekuda kwemashoko anopesana. Kukwanisa kwedu kuona urefu hwemitsara kunobva paurefu chaihwo hwemutsara wacho pachayo uye hurefu hwakawanda hwemufananidzo.
Sezvo urefu hwose hwechimwe chimiro chakareba kupfuura urefu hwemitsara pachayo, inokonzera mutsetse nekunze unotarisana nemafuta kuti uone sehurefu.
Vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeLondon vanoratidza kuti kunyengera kunoratidza kuti uropi hunofungidzira sei nezvehurefu uye hukuru pane chimwe chinhu.
"Mafungiro mazhinji anoonekwa angave akabudirira nokuti anongedzera kuti huro hwehupi hwevanhu hunofungisisa sei ruzivo.Nokuti kunyengera kunogona kutora pfungwa nenzira iyi, zvino izvi zvinoratidza kuti uropi hunoita zvinhu izvi zvinotaridzika zvakakurumidza uye zvisingazivi. kufungidzira kunomirira izvo bongo dzedu dzinofarira kuona, "akatsanangura kudaro muongorori Dr. Michael Proulx.
Tarisa mamwe mafungiro anonakidza ekufungidzira:
Sources:
> Zuva. RH (1989). Zvinyorwa zvepanyama uye zvekugadzira, maonero ekunyengera uye nheyo yekutenderera nekufungidzira kusinganzwisisiki. Muna D. Vickers & PL Smith (Eds.), Human information processing: Nzira nemaitiro . North Holland, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
DeLucia, P., & Hochberg, J. (1991). Maitiro ekugadzirwa kwejeriyumu mune zvinhu zvakasimba pasi pemaonero ekuona maitiro. Pfungwa uye Psychophysics, 50, 547-554.
Gregory, RL (1966) Ziso neuropi . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Proulx, MJ & Green, M. (2011). Iko kuoneka kwakakura kunonyatsotariswa mune zvitsva zvitsva? Uchapupu kubva kuMüller-Lyer chinyorwa. Nhamba yeChiratidzo, 11 (13), nei: 10.1167 / 11.13.21