Chirwere chaBambuura chakakurumbira pamusoro pechisimba
Unoita zvechisimba izvo vana vanozviona mumapurogiramu ezerevhizheni, mafirimu, uye mitambo yemavhidhiyo inovatungamirira kuti vaite zvechisimba here? Uyu mubvunzo unopisa nhasi, asi zvakare waiva nehanya zvikuru makore makumi mashanu apfuura apo chiremba wepfungwa akaendesa kuedza kunozivikanwa seBobo doll muedzo wokuona kuti vana vanodzidza sei utsinye kuburikidza nekuona.
Chii chaiva Bobo Doll Kuedza?
Kuita zvechisimba nemhirizhonga yakadzidza maitiro here?
Mune mukurumbira unozivikanwa uye unobudirira unozivikanwa seBobo doll muedzo, Albert Bandura nevamwe vake vakaratidza imwe nzira iyo vana vanodzidza utsinye. Maererano neBurura's social learning theory, kudzidza kunoitika kuburikidza nekucherechedza nekubatana nevamwe vanhu. Chaizvoizvo, vanhu vanodzidza nokuona vamwe uye kutevedzera izvi.
Kushungurudzika kunowanzokonzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvehutano kubva pakurwisana kwevanhu kune hondo. Hazvishamisi saka iyo nyaya yacho ndeimwe yezvidzidzo zvakanyatsodzidza mukati mepfungwa. Social Psychological is the subfield devoted to the study of human interaction and group behavior and the scientists working in this field have provided much research on human aggression .
Bandura's Predictions
Kuedza kwekuisa pachena vana kuvana vakuru vaviri vakasiyana; muenzaniso wechisimba uye kwete munhu ane utsinye. Mushure mokunge vapupurira maitiro evanhu vakuru, vana vaizoiswa muimba isina mufananidzo uye vakacherechedzwa kuti vaone kana vaizotevedzera maitiro avakaona pakutanga.
Bandura akaita huwandu hwezvakaitika pamusoro pezvaizoitika:
- Akafanotaura kuti vana avo vaiona munhu mukuru achiita zvechisimba vangangodaro vaita zvechisimba kunyange kana mufananidzo wevanhu vakuru vasipo.
- Vana vakacherechedza munhu asiri munhu ane hutsinye hwemuenzaniso wevakuru vangasava nehasha kupfuura vana vakaona muenzaniso wehasha; boka risina utsinye rinokonzera boka rinogona kunge risina kunyanyisa kupfuura boka rinodzora.
- Vana vachange vava kunyanya kutevedzera maitiro ehutano hwakasiyana pane zvemhando dzepabonde.
- Vakomana vaizoita zvechisimba kupfuura vasikana.
Method Inoshandiswa muBhobo Doll Kuedza
Vakatora chikamu chekuedza kwaiva nevakomana makumi matatu nemasere nevasikana makumi matatu nemakumi matatu vakanyoresa kuStanley University Nursery School. Vana vainge vari pakati pemakore matatu uye anenge makore matanhatu, uye muvhareji wevadzidzi vakapinda makore makumi mana mwedzi mina.
Kwakanga kune mazana masere emapoka ekuongorora . Kubva kune avo vatori vechikamu, 24 vakagoverwa kuboka rinodzora risina kuwana kurapwa. Vamwe vose vana vakabva vapatsanurwa kuva mapoka maviri evanhu makumi maviri nemaviri. Chimwe chezvikwata zvekuedza chakanga chave chichiratidza mhando dzakashata, asi vamwe vana makumi maviri nemana makumi mana nemana makumi mana nemasere vakaonekwa kune mienzaniso isingaiti.
Pakupedzisira, mapoka aya akaparadzaniswa zvakare muboka revarume nevasikana. Mumwe nomumwe wemapoka aya akazogoverwa kuitira kuti hafu yevatori vechikamu vaonekwe nemuenzaniso wevanhukadzi wevakadzi nemumwechete uye imwe hafu yakave yakananga kune mumwe munhu mukuru wepabonde.
Asati aita kuedza , Bandura akaongororawo maitiro evanhu aripo ehasha. Makira akazofananidzwa zvakaenzana kuitira kuti ivo vaive nehuwandu hwehutsinye.
Nzira Dzakashandiswa muBhobo Doll Kuedza
Mwana mumwe nomumwe akaedzwa ari oga kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mufambiro hauzove wakakanganiswa nevamwe vana.
Mwana wacho akatanga kuiswa muimba yekutamba umo kwaive nemabasa akasiyana-siyana okuongorora.
Iko kuedza ndokubva akukoka mufananidzo wevanhu vakuru muimba yekutamba uye akakurudzira muenzaniso kuti agare patafura uye ugobatana mumabasa. Kwemaminitsi gumi emaminiti, vatungamiri vakuru vakatanga kutamba nemasikoni ematayipi emaipi. Mune zvisiri mhirizhonga, mhando yevanhu vakuru yakangotamba nechokudya uye isina kuchengetedza Bobo doll kwenguva yose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane utsinye, kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vakura vanorwisa zvakanyanya Bobo doll.
"Muenzaniso wacho wakaisa Bobo kudivi raro, akagara pamusoro payo, uye akarova iyo kakawanda mumhino." Muenzaniso wacho wakamutsa Bobo doll, wakatora chikara, ndokurova chido chacho mumusoro. akadzingira chido chacho mudenga, uye akachikanda pamusoro pekamuri. Izvi zvakafanana zvezviitiko zvechisimba zvakadzokidzwa katatu, zvakapindirwa nemashoko ekutsinyeka. "
Mukuwedzera kumhirizhonga yemuviri, vanhu vakuru vakashandisawo mazwi nemashoko anonyadzisa akadai sekuti "Kumutambudza" uye "Pow." Mifananidzo yacho yakawedzerawo mazwi maviri asingasviki: "Iye chokwadi ndeye simba fella" uye "Anoramba achidzoka kune zvimwe."
Mushure memaminitsi gumi ekutsanangurira muenzaniso wevakuru, mwana mumwe nomumwe akaendeswa kune imwe kamuri yaiva nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana inofadza kusanganisira dhora rakagadzirwa, injini yemoto, uye ndege yekutamba. Zvisinei, vana vakaudzwa kuti vakanga vasingabvumirwi kutamba nemumwe weiyi maidhoni anoedza. Chinangwa cheizvi ndechekuvaka kushungurudzika pakati pevaduku vechidiki.
Pakupedzisira, mwana mumwe nomumwe akatorwa kunzvimbo yekupedzisira yekuongorora. Imba iyi yaiva ne "mavhiringi" ematayipi aisanganisira machete, bhodhi yebhokisi rine chiso chakashongedzwa pamusoro payo, pfuti, uye, hongu, muBobo doll. Nzvimbo iyi yaisanganisira mazita emamwe maitiro "asingasviki" anosanganisira makrayoni, mapepa, mapurole, mhuka dzeplastiki, uye matori. Mwana mumwe nomumwe akazobvumirwa kutamba mukamuri iyi kwemaminitsi makumi maviri apo vateereri vakaona mufambiro wemwana kubva shure kwegiratiro imwe-girasi uye vakatonga maitiro emwana wese wechisimba.
Chii chakazoitika muBhobo Doll Kuedza?
Migumisiro yekuedza yakatsigira zvitatu zvezvirevo zvina zvepakutanga.
- Vana vainge vatsanangurwa nemuenzaniso we violet vaida kutevedzera maitiro chaiwo avakaona apo munhu mukuru akanga asiripo.
- Bandura nevamwe vake vainge vagara vafanotaura kuti vana vari muboka risina utsinye vaizoita zvisinganyanyisi kupfuura avo vari muboka rekutonga. Zvibereko zvakaratidza kuti nepo vana vevari vaviri vari muboka risina utsinye vakaratidza kusaderera kuduku kupfuura boka rekutonga, vakomana vakange vaona mhando yepabonde yepabonde vasingateereri vakawanda kupfuura avo vari muboka rekutonga kuti vaite zvechisimba .
- Paiva nekusiyana kwehutano pakati pehutano kana zvaiitika kana murume mumwechete kana wepabonde wepabonde akaonekwa. Vakomana vakaona vakomana vakuru varume vachiita zvechisimba vakanyanyiswa kupfuura avo vakange vaona maitiro evakadzi vachiita zvechisimba. Zvinofadza kuti vatsva vakawana mumapoka evanhu vanoita zvepabonde, vakomana vainyanya kutevedzera zviito zvechisimba apo vasikana vainyanya kutevedzera kurwisana nemashoko.
- Vatsvakurudzi vakanga vakarurama zvakare mukufanotaura kwavo kuti vakomana vaizoita zvechisimba kupfuura vasikana. Vakomana vanoita zvinopfuura kaviri zvakawanda zvechisimba kupfuura vasikana.
Saka Chii Chinonzi Bandura's Results?
Zvibereko zveBhobo doll yeruzivo yakatsigira bandura yekudzidza kwekugara kwevanhu. Bandura nevamwe vake vaifunga kuti kuedza kunoratidza kuti maitiro api anogona kudzidziswa kuburikidza nekucherechedza uye kutevedzera. Vanyori vakatsanangurawo kuti "kutevedza kwemagariro evanhu kunogona kukurumidzira kana kukurumidza-kutema kuwanikwa kwezvitsva zvitsva kunze kwekudikanwa kwekusimudzira kufungidzira kwakatarisana sezvinonzi Skinner ."
Maererano neBandura, maitiro echisimba evanhu vakuru mairenda kumahombe akaita kuti vana vatende kuti zviito zvakadaro zvaigamuchirwa. Akaratidzawo kuti semugumisiro, vana vanogona kunge vachida kutarisana nekugumburwa nechisimba munguva yemberi.
Mune chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitwa muna 1965, Bandura akawana kuti kunyange zvazvo vana vainyanya kutevedzera tsika dzechisimba kana mufananidzo wevakuru akakomborerwa nekuda kwezvaakaita, ivo vakanga vasingakwanisi kutevedzera kana vakaona muenzaniso mukuru mukurangwa kana kuti kurangwa nokuda kwekuita kwavo nehasha.
Kururamisa kweBobo Doll Kuedza
Sezvo nekuedza kupi zvako, chidzidzo cheBhobo doll hachisi pasina kutsoropodza:
- Nemhaka yokuti kuedza kwakaitika murairo yakarongwa, vamwe vatsoropodzi vanoratidza kuti migumisiro inowanikwa munzvimbo iyi yenzvimbo ingave isingaratidzi yezvinoitika munyika chaiyo.
- Chidzidzo chacho chinogona kutambura kubva pakusarudza kusarudza. Vose vatori vechikamu vakakweverwa kubva mudzimba rakadzika revadzidzi vanobatana nemadzinza mamwechete uye emagariro evanhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuwedzera zviwanikwa kune huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda.
- Sezvo dhiyabhorosi yakaunganidzirwa pakarepo, zvakaomawo kuziva kuti inguva yakareba inogona kunge yakave yakaita sei.
- Kugadzirisa zvakanyanya kudhongi zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nekuratidzira utsinye kana kurwisana kune mumwe munhu uri munyika chaiyo.
- Izvo zvakare zvakataurwa kuti vana vakanga vasina kunyatsokurudzirwa kuratidzira utsinye apo vakarova dhokwe raBobo; pane kudaro, vangangodaro vave vachiedza kufadza vanhu vakuru.
- Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanopikisa kuti chidzidzo chacho pachacho hachina kunaka. Nokuita kuti vana vave nekuita nehasha, vanopikisa, vanoedza ndivo vaidzidzisa vana kuti vave nehasha.
Shoko Rinobva
Kuongorora kwaBurura kunoramba kuri imwe yezvidzidzo zvakanyatsozivikanwa mune zvepfungwa. Mazuva ano, masayendisiti ezvemagariro evanhu vanoenderera mberi kudzidza nezvekuita kwekuona chisimba pamusoro pekuita kwevana. Mukati yezana remakore remakore kubva muongororo yeBobo doll, pane mazana ezvidzidzo pamusoro pekuti kucherechedza chisimba chinokanganisa sei maitiro evana. Nhasi, vanotsvakurudza vanoramba vachifungisisa mubvunzo wekuti hutsinye hunopupurira terevhizheni mumafirimu hunoshandura kune hutsinye kana hutsinye huri munyika chaiyo.
Sources:
Bandura, A. Simba rekufananidzira kwekusimudzira zvigadziriswa pakutsvaga kwekutevedzera mhinduro. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology. 1965; 1: 589-595.
Bandura, A., Ross, D. & Ross, SA Kutumirwa kwechisimba kuburikidza nekutevedzera mitemo ine utsinye. Zvinyorwa zveHasina Kunaka uye Zvemagariro Psychology. 1961; 63: 575-82.
Ferguson, CJ Blazing Angels kana Resident Evil? Mitambo Yemavhidhiyo Inoita Zvechisimba Inogona Kuva Simba Rakanaka Here? Kudzokorora kweGeneral Psychology. 2010; 14: 68-81.