Freudian Theory

by Kendra Cherry

Chirongwa cheSigmund Freud's Theories

Kana iwe uri kunyange mudzidzi anonyanya kushamwaridzana wepfungwa, saka iwe wakangodaro wakashandisa nguva yakakwana yekudzidza nezvemashoko aSigmund Freud. Kunyangwe vanhu vasingazivikanwe nekufunga kwepfungwa semuenzaniso vane zvimwe kuziva kwepfungwa dzepfungwa , chikoro chepfungwa chakagadzirwa naSagmund Freud. Kunyange iwe ungave uine ruzivo runopfuura ruzivo rwemashoko makuru mupfungwa dzepfungwa dzakadai sekusaziva, kugadzirisa, nzira dzekudzivirira , uye kurota zviratidzo, unogona kushamisika chaizvo kuti mazano aya akabatanidzwa sei pamwe uye ane simba rei pane vanyori vepfungwa panguva ino.

Muchidimbu ichi pfupiso ye Freudian nheyo, dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peimwe pfungwa huru yakakurudzirwa na Sigmund Freud.

Anna O uye Kuvandudzwa kweTalk Therapy

Imwe yezvipo zvakanyanya zvikuru zveFrud kuhutano hwepfungwa ndezvekutaura kwemashoko , pfungwa yokuti kungotaura pamusoro pematambudziko edu kunogona kubatsira kuderedza. Yaiva kuburikidza neshamwari yake yepedyo neshamwari yake Josef Breuer kuti Freud akaziva nezvemukadzi anozivikanwa munhoroondo yacho se Anna O. Zita remukadzi wechidiki rainzi Bertha Pappenheim uye akava murwere waBreuer mushure mekunge atambura nezvakazozivikanwa se hysteria , zviratidzo zvaro zvaisanganisira zvinhu zvakadai semafungiro akajeka, maitiro ekutsvaga, uye kupora zvishoma. Yaiva panguva yekurapwa kwake Breuer akaona kuti kukurukura nezvezvakaitika kwaari zvaiita seine humwe hutano hwekununurwa kubva kune zviratidzo zvake. Yaiva Pappenheim pachake iye akatanga kutaura nezvekurapa se "kutaura kurapa."

Apo Anna O anowanzotsanangurwa seumwe wevarwere vaFrud, avo vaviri havana kumbosangana. Freud aiwanzokurukurirana nyaya yake naBreuer, zvisinei, uye avo vaviri vakabatanidza mubhuku ra1895 rakabva pamushonga wake unonzi Studies in Hysteria . Freud akagumisa kuti hysteria yake yakanga yakaguma nekushungurudzwa kwepabonde kwevana , maonero akazoguma aperekedza kukanganisa muhukama hwaFréud naBreuer uye hwehukama.

Anna O angave asina kunge ari murwere wa Freud, asi nyaya yake yakanyatsoziva basa raFrud uye gare gare mazano ekurapa uye psychoanalysis.

Mafambisi Anotungamirira Anoita Munhu

Maererano naFreud psychoanalytic theory, simba rose repfungwa rinogadzirwa ne libido . Freud akarayira kuti pfungwa dzedu dzepfungwa dzakatungamirirwa nemasimba maviri anokwikwidzana: cathexis uye anticathexis . Cathexis yakatsanangurwa sekutsvaga kwemafungiro emunhu mumunhu, pfungwa kana chinhu. Kana iwe uine nzara, somuenzaniso, unogona kuumba chimiro chepfungwa chekudya kunonaka kwawakave uchida. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ego inogona kubatanidza imwe simba re id kuti tsvaga mabasa anowirirana nebasa racho kuti aparadzire zvimwe zvekuwedzerwa simba kubva kune id. Kana iwe usingakwanisi kutsvaga zvokudya kuti unyatsofadza nzara yako, iwe unogona kupfuudza mubhuku rinobika kana kutarisa kuburikidza nebhuku raunofarira bhuku.

Anticathexis inosanganisira ego ichivhara zvido zvisingagamuchirwi zvevanhu zve id. Kudzvinyirira zvinokurudzira uye zvido ndeimwe nzira yakawanda yeanticathexis, asi inosanganisira kubhadharwa kwemasimba makuru. Yeuka, maererano nenheyo yaFrud, kune kungova nehuwandu hune simba hunowanikwa . Apo yakawanda ezvo simba iri iri kuzvipira kubvisa zvishuvo kuburikidza ne anticathexis, pane simba shoma rinowanikwa kune dzimwe nzira.

Freud aidavirawo kuti zvakawanda zvehutsika hwevanhu zvaikurudzirwa nekutungamira maitiro maviri: hupenyu hwehupenyu uye hupenyu hwekufa . Hupenyu humwe humwe humwe hunoenderana nechoko chinodiwa chekupona, kubereka, uye kufara. Zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekudiwa kwekudya, pokugara, rudo, uye zvepabonde. Akaratidza zvakare kuti vanhu vose vane chido chisingazivi chekufa, icho chaakataura nezvavo sehupenyu hwekufa. Kuzvibata kunoparadza, aidavira, kwaive chiratidzo chekufa kwekutya. Kunyange zvakadaro, aidavira kuti izvi zvinyorwa zvekufa zvakanyanya kunyoroveswa nehupenyu hwehupenyu.

The Psyche: The Basic Structure of Personality

Mune Freudian nheyo, pfungwa dzevanhu dzakagadzirirwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: pfungwa inoziva uye isingazivi .

Pfungwa dzinoziva dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvatinoziva kana zvinogona kuunza nyore kuziva. Iko pfungwa isina ruzivo , kune rumwe rutivi, inosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvisiri kunze kwekuziva kwedu-zvose zvido, zvido, tariro, zvinokurudzira, uye zviyeuchidzo zvisiri kunze kwekuziva asi huri kuramba huchibata maitiro. Freud akafananidza pfungwa nechando. Icho chidimbu chechando chinonyatsooneka pamusoro pemvura chinomiririra chikamu chiduku chepfungwa, asi nzvimbo huru yechando yakavanzwa pasi pemvura inomiririra chikuru chisingazivi.

Mukuwedzera kune izvi zviviri zvikamu zvikuru zvepfungwa, Freudian nhauridzo inoparadzanisa unhu hwevanhu kusvika muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: id, ego, uye superego . Iyo id ndiyo chikamu chepakutanga cheunhu hunokonzerwa nezvose zvatinonyanya kukosha. Ichi chikamu chehupenyu hachizivi zvachose uye chinoshanda sechinhu chezvinhu zvose zvinokonzera simba. Ego ndiyo chikamu cheunhu hunokonzerwa nekubata neichokwadi uye inobatsira kuona kuti izvo zvinoda zve id zvakagutsikana munzira dzinofanirwa, dzakachengeteka uye dzakagamuchirwa nevanhu. Icho chouperego chikamu cheunhu hunobata zvose zvidzidzo zvemukati uye maitiro atinowana kubva kuvabereki vedu, mhuri, uye nharaunda.

Masangano ePsychosexual Stages of Development

Freudian theory inoratidza kuti vana pavanokura, vanofambira mberi kuburikidza nezvikamu zvezvikamu zvepfungwa . Pane imwe nhanho, libido yekutsvaga mafaro inotarisa kune rumwe rutivi rwomuviri.

Aya matanho mashanu ekugadzirwa kwepfungwa dzepabonde nde:

Iro Oral Stage: Izvo simba re libidinal rinowedzera mumuromo.
The Stage Stage: Iyo simba re libidinal rinotarisa pane anus.
Iyo Phallic Stage: Iibidinal simba rinowedzera peni kana kuti clitoris.
Nhanho Yokupedzisira: Nguva yekudzikama umo zvishoma zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa zviripo.
The Genital Stage: Iyo simba re libidinal rinotarisa pamadzimai.

Kubudirira kubudirira kwekutungamira kwega rimwe nerimwe kunhu hune utano semunhu mukuru. Kana, kunyange zvakadaro, kupesana hakusi kugadziriswa pane imwe nhanho, munhu wacho anogona kuramba akagadziriswa kana kusungirirwa pane imwe pfungwa yekufambira mberi. Chigadziro chinogona kusanganisira kuwedzeredza kana kuora mwoyo nechimwe chinhu chine chokuita nechikamu ichocho chekusimudzirwa. Somuenzaniso, munhu ane "kugadziriswa mumuromo" anotenda kuti anonamatira pamuromo wekutaura. Zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa muromo zvinogona kusanganisira kunyanya kuvimba nemitemo yemuromo yakadai sekusvuta, kunyorera zvigunwe, kana kudya.

Dream Analysis

Iyo pfungwa isina ruzivo yakaita basa rakakosha mune zvose zvedzidziso dzaFrud, uye akafunga kuti kurota ndeimwe yenzira dzinokosha dzekutora pane izvo zvisiri kunze kwekuziva kwedu. Akareva kurota "mugwagwa wamambo kuenda kune chaasingazivi" uye akatenda kuti nokuongorora mapuroto, aisagona kuona chete kuti pfungwa dzisina ruzivo dzinoshanda asi chii chiri kuedza kuvanza kubva pakuziva.

Freud akatenda kuti zvido zvezviroto zvinogona kuputsika mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana. Izvo zvinoratidzirwa zvehuroto zvaisanganisira zvose zviripo zvehuroto - zviitiko, mifananidzo, nemifungo zviri mukati meroto. Izvo zvinoratidzika zviri izvo chaizvoizvo izvo muroti anoyeuka paanomuka. Izvo zvakanyatsogadziriswa , kune rumwe rutivi, zvose zvakavanzika uye zvinomiririra mukati merota. Freud aidavira kuti kurota kwaive chimiro chekuda-kuzadzika. Nokutora pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki, manzwiro, uye zvido uye nekuzvishandura kuva maitiro asina kutyisa, vanhu vanokwanisa kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo kwe ego.

Anowanzoshandisa kuongorora kurota sechinhu chinotanga muhurukuro yake isina kushandiswa. Uyu muongorori aizotarisa pane imwe chiratidzo cheroto uye oshandisa kusununguka kushamwaridzana kuti aone kuti dzimwe pfungwa nemifananidzo zvakabva zvasvika sei mupfungwa dzemuteereri.

Nzira dzokudzivirira

Kunyange kana usina kumbobvira wadzidza mafungiro aFrud zvisati zvaitika, zvimwe wakanzwa izwi rokuti "nzira dzokuzvidzivirira" dzakakanganiswa kakawanda. Apo mumwe munhu achiita seasingadi kutarisana nechokwadi chinorwadza, unogona kuvopomera kuti "vari mukuramba." Kana munhu akaedza kutsvaga tsanangudzo inonzwisisika yemufambiro unogamuchirwa, unogona kuratidza kuti ivo "vanofungidzira."

Zvinhu izvi zvinomirira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvidziviriro kana maitiro ayo ayo anoshandisa kuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvidya mwoyo. Imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzinozivikanwa dzekudzivirira dzinosanganisira kuramba, kudzvinyirira, uye kuderedzwa, asi kune dzakawanda zvakare. Tsvaga zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando dzezvidziviriro uye kuti dzinoshanda sei kuti dzidzivirire ego mune zvinongororwa zve nzira dzekudzivirira .

Contemporary Views pa Freudian Theory

Nepo nhepfenyuro dzaFrud dzave dzakatsoropodzwa zvakanyanya, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti basa rake rakapa zvipo zvakakosha kumapfungwa. Basa rake rakaunza shanduko huru mune maonero atinoita chirwere chepfungwa nekuratidza kuti haisi matambudziko ose epfungwa ane zvikonzero zvepanyama. Kutenda kwake kuti zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinogona kugadziriswa nekunyatsotaura pamusoro pavo zvakabatsira kuchinja sarudzo.

Sezvo vazhinji vanofunga nezvepfungwa dzemazuva ano vasingatauri zvakawanda kuvhiringidza pfungwa dzakawanda dzeFrud, unogona kuzviwana uchibvunza kuti nei uchifanira kunetseka kudzidza pamusoro peHedudian dzidziso zvachose. Kutanga uye zvichida zvakakosha, kuitira kuti unzwisise kuti kupi kwepfungwa dziripo nhasi, zvinokosha kutarisa kumashure kwatakanga takaita uye kuti tave sei pano. Basa raFreud rinopa ruzivo rwekufambisa kunokosha mune zvepfungwa dzakabatsira kusimbisa maonero atinoita utano hwepfungwa uye kuti tinosangana sei nezvinetso zvepfungwa .

Nokudzidza dzidziso idzi uye izvo zvakazouya shure, unogona kuwana kunzwisisa zviri nani kwepfungwa yehupfumi uye inofadza. Mazwi akawanda e-psychoanalytic akadai sekuzvidzivirira , Freudian kumira , uye kuratidzika kwekare zvakave chikamu chemutauro wezuva nezuva. Nokudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pebasa rake nemafungiro, iwe unogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti pfungwa idzi nemafungiro zvakagadzirwa sei muzvinyorwa zvevanhu vanozivikanwa.

Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakanyanya pamusoro pa Freud, iva nechokwadi chekuongorora zvinotevera:

_Sources:

_{Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1955).} _{1893-1895 Studies on Hysteria Standard Edition 2 London.}

_{Freud, Sigmund.} _(1900). _{Tsanangudzo yezviroto.} _{Standard Edition, 5.}

_{Freud, S. (1920). Kupfuura Mutemo Wekunakidza (The Standard Edition).} _Trans. _{James Strachey.} _{New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 1961.}

_{Freud, S. (1920).} _{Ratidzai Dream Dream Content uye Latent Dream Thought.} _{New York.} _{Boni & Liveright.} _{A General Nyaya yePychoanalysis.}

_{Freud, S. (1923) Ego uye Id.} _{London: The Hogarth Press Ltd.}