Upiyona weKushandiswa Kwepfungwa
"Nyaya yefungwa dzisinganzwisisiki inogona kuudzwa mumashoko matatu: hakuna." - Hugo Münsterberg
Hugo Münsterberg aiva gweta rekuGermany anonyanya kuzivikanwa sepayona yekushandiswa kwepfungwa, kusanganisira mhizha-sangano, kliniki, uye forensic psychology.
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Hugo Münsterberg akaberekerwa muDanzig, Germany (zvino yava Gdansk, Poland), musi waJune 1, 1863, kune baba vatengesi uye amai vevanomhanya.
Mhuri yacho yakanga ine rudo rukuru rwehutano uye Münsterberg akakurudzirwa kuongorora mimhanzi, mabhuku, uye unyanzvi. Paaiva nemakore gumi nemaviri, amai vake vakafa. Rufu ramai vake rwakaratidza kuchinja kukuru muupenyu hwemukomana, zvichimuchinja kuva mukomana akaoma. Münsterberg akanyora nhetembo, akatamba cello, akabudisa pepanhau rechikoro uye akaita mumitambo yemunharaunda. Muna 1880, baba vake vakafa zvakare.
Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuGymnasium yeDanzig muna 1882, akanyoresa paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga akatanga kudzidza psychology social , Münsterberg akazoshandura kurapa kwake. Mushure mekunge vachinge vasangana nemapfungwa ehupiyona piyona Wilhelm Wundt , uyo akamukurudzira kuti ave chikamu chebhuku rezvepfungwa panyunivhesiti, Münsterberg akasarudza kuzvipira padzidzo yekuongorora kwepfungwa. Akawana Ph.D yake. mune Psychology muna 1885 pasi pekudzidzisa kwaWundt uye akawana chiremba wezvokurapa paYunivhesiti yeHeidelberg muna 1887.
Career
Muna 1887, Münsterberg yakagamuchira chigaro semumwe mudzidzisi wega uye mudzidzisi paYunivhesiti yeFeburg uye akazonyora bhuku duku rinonzi Basa reChirongwa . Bhuku racho rakatsoropodzwa naWundt, pamwe chete nomudzidzi wepfungwa, Edward Titchener , uyo akanyora, "Dr. Münsterberg ane chipo chinouraya chokunyora nyore-chinouraya kunyanya nesayenzi ... apo kunyatso ndicho chinhu chimwe chinodiwa."
Nyanzvi yezvemagariro eAmerica William James , kune rumwe rutivi, yakashamiswa zvikuru nemafungiro aMünsterberg, kunyanya nokuti vakatsigira Jakobho pachake pfungwa dzekunzwa.
Muna 1891, Münsterberg akava mubatsiri purofesa paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig. Mugore iroro, akaenda kuInternational Congress of Psychology muParis, France, kwaakasangana naWilliam James. Vaya vaviri vakaramba vachisangana uye vachinyorerana kakawanda uye muna 1892, James akabvunza Münsterberg kuti atore mari yebasa repfungwa paHarvard. Nemhaka yehutano hwake hunotaura chiChirungu panguva iyoyo, iye aigara akashanda mubazi uye akabudisa basa rake muchiGerman. James McKeen Cattell akaratidza kuti labori yaMünsterberg yaiva "inonyanya kukosha muAmerica."
Mushure memakore matatu emakore pabazi, Münsterberg yakapiwa nzvimbo yakasimba. Akaramba kupa uye akasarudza panzvimbo pfupi kudzokera kuEurope. Makore maviri gare gare, akadzokera kuHarvard, kwaakaramba achishanda kweupenyu hwake hwose. Muna 1898, akasarudzwa mutungamiri weAmerican Psychological Association .
Kutsigira kwake kuGermany munguva yeHondo Yenyika I kwakaita kuti iye ave chinonyanya kutsoropodza, zvose mumutsara uye pakati pevamwe nhengo dzehutano kuHarvard. Musi waDecember 16, 1916, Hugo Münsterberg akafa kamwe kamwe kwechirwere chekushaya ropa, achigumburwa asati agona kupedza mutongo wake wokutanga pahurukuro yaRadcliffe.
Contributions to Psychology
Münsterberg inozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rake pamashandisirwo epfungwa, kunyanya chipatara, forensic uye industrial psychology. Pepanhau rake ra1990 rakanzi "Psychology and Market" rakaratidza kuti psychology inogona kushandiswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashandisirwo emabhizimisi kusanganisira kutonga, kusarudza basa, kushambadzira, basa rekushanda uye kushanda kwevashandi. Kutsvakurudza kwake kwakapfupiswa mubhuku rake rinonzi Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913), iyo yakaratidza kuti kushandira vashandi avo vaiva noukama uye mano ekufunga zvakanakisisa zvakakodzera kune mamwe marudzi ebasa ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuwedzera kukurudzira, kushanda, nekuchengetedza.
Hugo Münsterberg anozivikanwawo nokuda kwezvipo zvake ku forensic psychology . Bhuku rake ra 1908 On The Witness Stand rinonyatsotsanangura kuti maonero epfungwa angakanganisa sei mugumisiro wekutongwa. Mune mubhuku, akakurukura matambudziko neuchapupu hwekuona, kupupura kwenhema, nekubvunzurudzwa.
Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwake pamagariro evanhu pasina mubvunzo, maonero ake pamusoro pevakadzi anowanzotsoropodzwa. Kunyange zvazvo aifunga kuti vakadzi vanofanira kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro, akanzwa kuti dzidzo dzekudzidza dzakanga dzakaoma uye dzakaoma. Akaratidzawo kuti vakadzi havafaniri kubvumirwa kushumira pajuri nokuti vakange "vasingakwanisi kuronga mazano."
Basa rake semuzvigadziri wevatongi veGermany munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese yakamuita chinangwa chekuzvidza pakati pevakawanda uye zvichida chinotsanangura kuti sei nhaka yake inokosha yakadzingwa uye yakarambwa kwemakore akawanda. Sezvakataurwa naDavid Hothersall, panguva yekufa kwaMünsterberg "akavengwa navaAmerica vakawanda kupfuura chero nyanzvi yezvepfungwa kare kare." Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku akawanda emapepanhau emabhuku mabhuku anopa nzvimbo shomanana kuMünsterberg uye simba rake, pfungwa dzake dzinoramba dzichigadzirisa uye dzinobatsira pakuongorora kwemazuva ano.
Selected Publications
Hugo Münsterberg akabudisa nhamba yemabasa, kusanganisira:
- Münsterberg, H. 1908. Pachiratidzo cheZvapupu. New York: Doubleday
- Münsterberg, H. 1908. Psychology and Crime. London: TF Unwin
- Münsterberg, H. 1909. Eternal Values. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
- Münsterberg, H. 1909. Psychotherapy. New York: Moffat, Yard
- Münsterberg, H. [1913] 2005. Psychology and Industrial Efficiency. Adamant Media Corporation
- Münsterberg, H. 1914. Psychology and Social Sanity. London: TF Unwin
Sources:
Domingue, E. & Rardon, J. (2002) Hugo Munsterberg. Earlham College, http://www.earlham.edu/~dominel/webpage.htm.
Hothersall, D. (1995). Nhoroondo yePsychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Schultz, DP, & Schultz, SE (2004). A History of Modern Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Stern, William. (1917). Hugo Munsterberg: In memoriam. Nhamba yeApplied Psychology, 1 (2), June, 1917, 186-188.