Kunzwisisa Mhuri Kusvuta Kuchengetedza uye Fodya Control Act
Mhuri Kusvuta Kuchengeta uye Kugadzira Mutemo Mutemo (Tobiti Control Act) yaiva chiitiko chezvakaitika kuMelika uye inoshumira semuenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika. Kusvikira nyaya iyi-kuputsa mitemo yakasayirwa mutemo musi waJune 22, 2009, neMutungamiri weBarack Obama, makambani efodya akanga ashanda zvachose kunze kwese kutungamirirwa kwehurumende nehurumende yeUnited States.
Izvo hazvisisiri zvakadaro.
Mazuva ano, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inotarisira makambani ekuFodya eSouth Africa muzvinhu zvose zvekugadzira, kutengesa, nekusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvavo. Kunyange zvazvo FDA isingagoni kubvisa fodya zvachose, kubatanidzwa kwavo kunobatsira kudzivirira vanhu nenzira dzakawanda.
Ikozvino FDA ine simba pazvibereko zvefodya:
- fodya
- tsvina yakasvibirira (nokuti gadzira fodya yako )
- utsi husina kusvuta fodya
- cigai
- pipe fodya
- hookah
- electronic cigarettes
- nicotine gels uye nicotine yakasvibiswa
Pane zvikamu zvishanu zvinokosha zvinoshumira senheyo yeTocco Control Act. Izvo zvakanyorwa pasi apa.
Rinodzivirira Marketing nekutengesera kuvana
Zvakanyorwa mumutemo ndizvo zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira vechidiki pasi pezera remakore gumi nemasere kubva pakusununguka kune zvekutengesa fodya nekutsvaga.
- Vanogadzira fodya havakwanisi kutsigira mitambo, varaidzo kana zvimwe zvemagariro evanhu / tsika.
- Vagadziri vefodya havagoni kupa mishonga yefodya yakasununguka kana isiri-fodya yemagetsi zita rezvinhu sepapaaaways.
- Cigaretti haigone kutengeswa mumagetsi ekugadzira kunze kunze kwekunge vari munzvimbo dzevanhu vakuru chete.
- Kutengesa kune vana vaduku hakubvumirwi.
- Ngarave haigone kutengeswa mumapakaji emidzanga ine pasi pemakumi maviri. (Kutengesa fodya mumatare maduku kana sechinhu chimwe chete inzira inotarisa vana)
Mutemo weTocco Control inopa hurumende yeUnited States uye Drug Authority simba rokutora matanho ekuwedzera mune zvekuchengetedza utano hwevanhu kana zvichidiwa.
Inoda Kuti Usasvibe Fodya Product Health Warning Labels
Muchiedza kukurudzira kuti hutano hwehutano hwekushandisa fodya hunosanganisira fodya dzisina kusvuta, ( fodya , snus, chew, dipwende) Mutemo Wekutengesa Fodya unoda vashandi kuti vape chimwe chezviyevero zvinotevera kune zvekutengesa fodya zvisina kukwana. Mharidzo inofanirwa kuvhara zvinenge makumi matatu kubva muzana yemapuranga.
- CHENYENZO: Chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kukonzera kenza yemuromo .
- CHENENZISO: Chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kukonzera chirwere chemaini uye kurasikirwa zino.
- CHENYENZO: Ichi chigadzirwa hachisi imwe nzira yakachengeteka kumidzanga.
- CHENYENZO: fodya isina tsvina inodhaka.
Mishonga yekushaya fodya isina kushandiswa inoshandiswa zvikuru nevanhu. Nhamba dzegore ra2014 dzakaratidza kuti kuvanhu vakuru vanopfuura 18, 7 mu100 varume vakashandisa michina isina kusvibiswa, asi vasati vasvika 1 kuvaridzikadzi vakashandisa iyo. Kushandiswa kwevakawanda kwevanhu vakuru veUnited States vane 3 mu100 *.
Nhamba dzegore ra2015 dzinoratidza kuti 6 muzana yevana vechikoro chesekondari * (10 muzana yevarume, 1.8 muzana vakadzi) vari kushandisa ikozvino fodya isina kusvuta.
* Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira zviyero zvevarume, vakadzi, Vatsvene vasiri veSpain, Black-non-Hispanic nevanoshambadzira.
Inovimbisa kuti Mhosva dze "Modified Risk" Dzinotsigirwa neScientific Evidence
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana kambani yefodya inoda kutora, somuenzaniso, kuti " cigareti chizere" chiri nani pane hutano hwako , iyo FDA inoda kuti vadzorere zvakare neuchapupu hwezvesayenzi.
Kana ikambani yefodya ikatanga chigadzirwa chitsva chavanonzwa kuti ichaderedza ngozi dzehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunoshandiswa nevatengi, zvino vanofanira kuunza fomu yakagadziriswa fodya yemuchina (MRTP) kune FDA kuti iongororwe.
Maererano nechitsauko 911 cheStar Food, Drug uye Cosmetic (FD & C) Act, sechiri kugadziriswa neTobacco Control Act, FDA inoda kuti makambani aratidze, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti MRTP yavanoda kubudisa uye kutengesa inotarisirwa kubatsirwa huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vose (vanosvuta nevasina kusvuta zvakafanana).
Chirevo chakareba chechigadzirwa chefodya kuraramira, kutaura zvishoma. Zvisinei, pasina kubvumirwa kwaDFA, chigadzirwa chacho hachizoenda kumusika - kunyanya kwete se MRTP.
Nepo pasina chimwe chinhu chakadai semuchengetedza wakachengetedzwa wefodya, kune zvimwe zvinotyisa kune dzimwe. Nzira yeMTPTP ichabvumira michina inopa ngozi shoma nzira yekutengesa, nekudzivirira vanhu kubva kune zvingave zvichinyengedza zvinotaurwa nekambani dzefodya, sezvakaitika kare.
Kusvika iye zvino, FDA haina kubvumidza kutengeswa kweMTPTP, saka haisati yanyatsojekesa kukosha kwemazinga ekugamuchirwa.
Nenzira, izwi rokuti "chiedza" harisati rabvumirwa mukureva fodya, nokuti rakaratidzwa kuti rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera tsvina sezvinogara iri fodya.
Inoda Kuti Fodya Makambani Anzwisise Izvo Zvokudya Muzvinhu Zvavo
Havasi ivo chete vanofanira kugovana zvigadzirwa, vanofanirwawo kutaurira chaiyo zvakakwana uye "mapeji" evanhu mumwe nomumwe wefodya chigadzirwa chinoitwa pasi peumburera yekambani yemakwenzi. Uye, kana ruzivo rwakashandurwa, mugadziri anofanira kufanotaura zvakananga zvekuchinja.
Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukutengeserana fodya zvinogona kuonekwa zvisina kunaka uye zvinotenderwa neRDA kuti zvishandiswe mune zvekudya, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vakanga vasingadi kupiswa uye / kana kupisa, izvo zvinogona kuchinja maitiro avo , zvichiita kuti vamwe vavo vave nehupfu. Vanosanganawo pamwe chete, vachigadzira mishonga yemakemikari inokuvadza pamwe chete.
Sayenzi yakafumura kumusoro kwema7000 makemikisi akasiyana-siyana mumusvuta wefodya, kusanganisira 250 inouraya uye makumi manomwe-inokonzera kenza yemakemikari. Kutsvakurudza kunowedzera.
Kuchengetedza State, Local, uye Tribal Authority
Izvi zvinoreva kuti hurumende dzehurumende uye dzomunharaunda dzichiri nekwanisi yekuisa zvirongwa zvekutera fodya panzvimbo yepamunharaunda yemunharaunda, zvakadai sekusimudza mitero yefodya, kugadzirisa mitemo isina kusvuta yebasa, kusabvisa kutengesa fodya, uye kupa hurumende inobhadhara kusvuta purogiramu.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa zveTobacco Control Act
- Makambani efodya anofanirwa kunyoresa gore negore neDFA uye ozarura michina yavo yekugadzira kune FDA kuti iongorore makore ose maviri.
- Iyo FDA yakarambidza chero kunhuwa kwefodya kunze kwerunghol uye kusvuta fodya yenguva dzose.
- I-FDA ine simba rokutonga nicotine uye zvigadzirwa zvezviyo mumiti yefodya.
- Iyo FDA inoshandisa mutemo wezvigadzirwa zvefodya kuburikidza nemari inokonzerwa nekambani dzefodya. Mari inotarirwa negovana ravo rekuAmerica.
Izvo izvo FDA Hazvikwanisi Kuita Muzvigadziro zveTocco Control Act
Mutemo unopa FDA simba rokutonga zvinhu zvefodya nekuda kwevanhu veAmerica zvakare inopa zvikamu zvishomanana pane izvo sangano racho risingagoni kuita.
- I-FDA haigone kuti vanhu vawane chiremba chechiremba kutenga zvigadzirwa zvefodya.
- I-FDA haigoni kutsvaga makambani ekufodya kuderedza nicotine maitiro mumiti yefodya kusvika kune zero.
- I-FDA haigoni kurambidza kusangana-ne-chiso kutengesa mune imwe nzvimbo yezvitoro zvezvitoro.
- I-FDA haigoni kurambidza mamwe makirasi emidziyo yefodya.
ITocco Control Act ndiyo inofanirwa kuchinja maitiro ayo United States ari kutarisira dambudziko rekufuta riri kuwedzera nyika nenyika. Icho basa riri kuenderera mberi, asi nheyo dzinokosha pakuita kuti mutemo uyu unoshanda sei kudzivirira vaAmerica kubva mukunyengedzwa nemafuta efivha uye zvirwere zvakasangana nefodya uye rufu ndiyo kutanga kwakasimba.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana iwe uri kusvuta uyo akagadzirira kusiya, shandisa izvi kurega zvidzidzo zvekusvuta sekutanga. Kana iwe uchiziva zvaunosangana nazvo nekurega kusvuta, kurega kunobva kuva chinangwa chamuchaona nokukurumidza sekubudirira.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. Kusvuta Kushandisa Fodya muUnited States.
US Food and Drug Administration. Fodya Control Act.
US Food and Drug Administration. Pasina Mungozi Mubhuku Refodya? Chero kana Sayenzi Ichiti So.
US Food and Drug Administration. Dambudziko Rakashandurwa Fodya Products.
US Food and Drug Administration. Ichokwadi Pamusoro peKutonga Kwebutsva kweDhakwa Dhava.