Top Risk Fact Fact in Teen Substance Abuse, CASA Inoti
Sei vamwe vechidiki vachibatanidzwa mukushandisa zvinodhaka asi vamwe vasingaiti? Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu kana kuti zvinokurudzira zvinowedzera njodzi iyo vechidiki vachasvuta fodya, kunwa doro, kunwa doro uye kushandisa zvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka, kana vamwe vachienda kuchikoro chesekondari vasingadi?
Kuti tipindure mibvunzo iyi, The National Center inodhakwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu (CASA) paColumbia University inotora "kudzokera shure kuchikoro" zvimwe zvinonzi "National Survey yeAmerica Maitiro Nezvokushandisa Dambudziko Rokushandisa Dambudziko."
Kubvira muna 1995, kuongororwa uku kwakaedza kuziva maitiro, mamiriro ezvinhu, nemamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera kana kuderedza mikana yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvepabonde.
Kubva pamigumisiro yezviverengero zveCASA zvakabudiswa zvidzidzo, zvinotevera zvinokonzera ngozi kune huwandu hwekuti vechidiki vachabva vachiputa, vanwe kana kushandisa madhiragi vakabuda:
Kushungurudzika, Kunyanya uye Kuwanda Kwemari Ndezviitiko Zvikuru
Mune imwe yezvidzidzo zveCASA zvekutanga (2003), tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti vechidiki vakanyanya kusimbiswa , vachienzaniswa nevaduku vanoremekedzwa vane mikana yakawanda yekubatanidzwa mukushandisa zvinodhaka:
- Vanonyanya kunetseka vechidiki vanowanzokwanisa kusvuta, kunwa, kudhakwa uye kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera .
- Vechidiki vanorondedzera kuti vanowanzoora mwoyo ndevamwe 50% vanogona kunge vanosvuta, vanwe, vanodhakwa uye vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera.
- Vechidiki vane $ 25 kana kupfuura kwevhiki mukushandisa mari vanowanzokwanisa kusvuta, kunwa nekushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera uye zvinopfuura kaviri zvingaita kuti vadhakwa.
- Vechidiki vane zvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu zvezviitiko izvi vanopfuura katatu kazhinji kacho kuti vashandise zvinodhaka.
- Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinopfuura hafu yevane makore 12 kusvika kune gumi nemaviri muAmerica
Vechiduku Vanotanga Kushandisa Kare Kare Kupfuura Vabereki Funga
Vechidiki vari kutungamirirwa kusvuta, kunwa nekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinotanga zvakapfuura muupenyu hwavo kupfuura vabereki vangada kufungidzira, maererano nevekupedzisira kweCASA yakawanikwa mitsva.
- Avhareji yekutanga kushandisa doro makore gumi nemaviri, mwedzi miviri.
- Avhareji yemakore ekutanga kusvuta fodya ndeye makore 12, mwedzi mitanhatu.
- Avhareji yekutanga kushandisa mbanje ndeye makore 13, mwedzi 11.
Tsvakurudzo iyi yakawana kuti pakati pezera remakore gumi nemaviri nemakore gumi nemana makumi matatu nemaviri, mukana wekuyaruka utsi, kunwa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinowedzera kanomwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, kubva pazera remakore gumi nemaviri kusvika ku17, chikamu chevechiri kuyaruka vanotaura kuti vane shamwari dzinosvuta mbanje dzinowedzera ka14.
Kunamata Kunobatsira
Ongororo yeCASA yakaramba ichiwana kuti vechidiki vanopinda misangano yechitendero kamwe chete pavhiki vari kunyanya kuisa pangozi yekubatanidzwa mune zvinodhaka.
Kufurirwa kweInternet Networking: Digital Digital Peer Pressure
Vechidiki vakaona mifananidzo paIndaneti kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekubudisira mitambo dzevamwe vana vanodhakwa, vanodarika kana kushandisa madhiragi vanowanzobatanidzwa mukushandisa zvinodhaka ivo pachavo, kana vachienzanisa nevana vasina kuona zvifananidzo zvakadaro. Vari:
- Kakawanda kanowanzove yakashandisa mbanje
- Zvinopfuura katatu zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa kushandisa doro
- Inenge katatu nguva yakawanda yekushandisa fodya
- Zvinopfuura kaviri zvingaita kuti vafunge kuti vachaedza zvinodhaka munguva yemberi.
Mukuwedzera, vechidiki vanopedza nguva yakawanda pamagariro evanhu ndevaya:
- Kaviri kanowedzera kukwanisa kuwana mbanje
- Katatu kakawanda huwandu hwekukwanisa kuwana mishonga yemishonga
- Kaviri zvichida kukwanisa kunwa doro mukati mezuva kana kupfuura
Vechidiki vanobatanidzwa mumasangano evanhu vanowanzoita kuti vave neshamwari uye vaunodzidza navo avo vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera uye kushungurudzwa zvinodzora zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Migumisiro yepamusoro pepfungwa pamusana pekushushikana kwechiri kuyaruka
Kuenzaniswa nevechiri kuyaruka vakataura kuti vari pasi pekunetseka (5 kana kuti pasi pamwero we1 kusvika kune 10), vechidiki vari pasi pekunetseka (6 kana kukwirira pamwero we1 kusvika ku10) vanonyanya kushandisa zvisiri izvo zvinhu:
- Katatu kakawanda kazhinji kacho yekushandisa mbanje
- Kaviri zvichida yakashandisa doro
- Kazhinji vangangodaro vakashandisa fodya
Kuva Pamwe Chete Pausiku
Vechiduku vanowanzosara pamba pega usiku vasina hutungamiri hwevanhu vakuru vanogona kunge vashandise zvinodhaka, vachienzanisa nevechiri kuyaruka vasingambosiyi voga usiku.
- Kazhinji vangangodaro vakashandisa mbanje
- Inenge kaviri inogona kunge yakashandisa doro
- Inenge kanenge katatu zvichida yakashandisa fodya
Kudzvinyirirwa kweCyberbullying kune Dambudziko Guru
CASA inotsvakurudza inoratidza kuti vechidiki vanoona kubudiswa kwepabonde zvinopfuura kaviri zvingangodaro kusvuta, kunwa uye kushandisa mariko kana vachienzaniswa nevechidiki vasingadzvinyirirwa.
Mafungiro evechidiki Anoratidza Dambudziko Dzakawanda Dzekushandisa Kushandisa
Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, kana vechidiki vachitora tsvakurudzo vakati vakabvumirana nemashoko ari pasi apa, vaive katatu kakawandisa kushandisa mariko, kanenge kaviri inogona kunwa doro, uye kazhinji kazhinji kacho kusvuta fodya:
- "Kana shamwari yangu inoshandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera, haisi yebhizimisi rangu."
- "Ndinofanira kuita zvandinoda nemuviri wangu."
- "Haisi chinhu chikuru chekuita zvepabonde nemumwe munhu wausina hanya nazvo zvakawanda."
Vabereki Vasingadikanwi Icho Chinonyanya kukosha
Mumakore ose aya, tsvakurudzo yeCASA yakawana kuti kuvimba kwakasimba kwevabereki kusabatwa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka ndicho chinhu chekutenda kwevechidiki nemafambiro. Vechidiki vanoti vabereki vavo "vanogumbura kwazvo" kuti vaone kuti ivo vanosvuta, vanwa kana kushandisa mbanje vaifanira kunge vasingagoni kushandisa zvinhu pachavo kana kufunga kuti zvakakodzera kuti vezera ravo vashandise.
Apo vana vakaudza kuti vabereki vavo havazogumbuki zvakanyanya, zvakadaro, tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti vabereki:
- Nguva nhatu nehafu zvinowanzoreva kuti zvakakodzera kuti vechidiki vavo vave nemakore ekushandisa mariko.
- Nguva gumi zvinowanzoreva kuti zvakakodzera kuti vechidiki vave nemakore ekudhakwa.
- Zvipfumbamwe zvinowanzoreva kuti zvakakodzera kuti vechidiki vezera ravo vasvuta fodya.
Vabereki Vanofanira Kufanana Neji
Izvo zviongorori zvinowana kuti zvakakosha kuti vabereki vatume shoko risingachinji uye rakabatana kune vechidiki pamusoro pezvinodhaka uye doro. Kuenzaniswa nevechidiki vane vabereki vanobvumirana zvachose pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka, vechidiki vabereki vasingagari kupindirana ndevokuti:
- Katatu kakawanda kakanyanya kushandisa mbanje
- 3.3 dzimwe nguva yakawanda yekuedza zvinodhaka munguva yemberi
- Kazhinji kaviri yekushandisa doro
Nguva nenguva, tsvakurudzo yeCASA yakawana kuti kubatanidzwa kwevabereki mumakore avo evechidiki vanogona kuita basa rinokosha kana vasina ivo vanobatanidzwa mukushandisa zvinodhaka, kunyanya kana vabereki vachiona kushungurudzika muupenyu hwevana vavo, kunzwisisa nguva uye nei ivo vanosemesa, uye vanogadzirisa uye vanocherechedza mari yavo yekushandisa mari.
Nzira Iyo Vabereki Vanogona Kuderedza Dambudziko reMwana
Maererano neNational Center pamusoro pemishonga yekurwisa uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, idzi inzira shanu dzingabhadharwa nevabereki kuti vana vavo vade kusvuta, kunwa, kunwa doro kana kushandisa doro zvisina kutenderwa vasati vava nemakore 18:
- Iva nehanya nekunetseka kwehupenyu hwevechiri kuyaruka uye uvabatsire kurarama.
- Kunzwisisa nguva uye nei vechidiki vakaora mwoyo uye kubatsira kubvisa kusuruvara kwavo.
- Deredzai mari yevechiri kuyaruka yavanoshandisa uye chengetedza kuti mari inoshandiswa sei.
- Ziva kuti shamwari dzako dzevechiri kuyaruka ndeipi.
- Iva nemhiko muupenyu hwevana vako
CASA inoratidzira kuti vabereki vanogona kuva nehanya nevechidiki vavo nekuvabatsira nebasa ravo rechikoro, kuenda kune zviitiko zvavo zvekare, kuronga mabasa aunogona kuita pamwechete, uye kutaura navo nezvezvinodhaka, doro, uye fodya.
Sources:
The National Center inodhaka uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu. "Ongororo Yenyika yeAmerica Mafungiro Pamusoro pekushandisa Dhirairi VIII: Vechiduku nevabereki." Addiction Research August 2003.
The National Center inodhaka uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu. "Ongororo Yenyika yeAmerica Mafungiro Pamusoro pekushandisa Dambudziko Rokushandisa VI: Vechiduku nevabereki." Addiction Research August 2011.
The National Center inodhaka uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu. "Ongororo Yenyika yeAmerica Mafungiro Pamusoro Pokushandisa Dhirairi XVII: Vechiduku." Addiction Research August 2012.