Psychological and Medical Treatment Options
Vanhu vakave vakapindwa muropa neopioid kwemazana emakore, zvisinei, kushandiswa kweipioid kwave kuchiwedzera kubva muna 2000 pamwe nekugadzirwa nekutsvaga kwevanhu vane simba vane painkillers vanodhakwa zvikuru uye vanotakura dambudziko guru rekudarika. Ichi chava dambudziko rakakomba, nehosha ye opioid inowanikwa muU.S. uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
Opioid zvinodhaka ndeimwe yezvinetso zvakaoma kukunda, asi kune mamwe maitiro makuru ekurapa anowanikwa anogona kubatsira nemuviri, mupfungwa, uye mune zvekugarisana mune zvinoitika zvinotambudza.
Kunyange zvazvo mishonga inonzi opioid painkiller kudikanwa ine zvakawanda zvakaenzana ne heroin zvinodhaka, kune zvakakosha kusiyana kwevanhu izvo zvichabatsira rudzi rwemishonga inobatsira.
Evidence-Based Addiction Treatment
Kunyange zvazvo kune vanhu vakawanda vanotenda kuti vanobata kiyi yekurapa zvinodhaka, chokwadi ndechokuti iyo yakaoma, inonetsa kwenguva refu inowedzera kune vanotambura. Saka kurapwa kunodiwa kunewo kwakaoma uye kwakasiyana-siyana.
Zvakakosha kana uchitarisa chero upi zvawo huri uchapupu-hwakagadzirirwa , izvo zvinoreva kuti kurapwa kwave kwakadzidzwa uye kuratidzirwa kuva yakakwanisa kune vanhu vakawanda vane mamiriro acho. Zvose zvinoratidzwa munyaya ino zvine uchapupu hwakanaka hwezvesayenzi hunotsigira kubudirira kwavo, kunyange izvi zvisingatauri kuti vanoshanda kune munhu wose, nguva dzose, kunyanya kana akashandiswa ari oga kune mamwe, kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Zvakakosha kuti kurapwa kuve kwakabudirira kuti munhu wacho anowana kurapa kwakakwana nokuda kwekuvhiringidza kwepanyama, kugadzikana kwepfungwa, uye zvepanyama zvinokonzerwa nekudhakwa, pamwe chete nemagariro evanhu pamwe nemigumisiro yedambudziko racho.
Kana chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvitatu zvehutachiona hwehupi zvisina kunyatsorapwa, kurapwa hakugone kubudirira, uye munhu wacho achadzokazve, achifunga kunyange kukanganisa kupfuura zvavakaita vasati vaedza kusiya. Nokudaro, kurapwa uku kunofanira kuiswa pamwe chete muurongwa hwehutano hwehutano hunoendeswa mberi, panguva, uye mushure mokunge munhu akasiya opioid.
Kukuvadza kuderedza
Kukuvadza kuderedzwa inzira yekubatsira vanhu vane opioid kushandiswa kwemishonga inotarisa kuderedza kudzvinyirira kwepanyama uye kwemagariro evanhu anokonzera vanhu vanoshandisa heroin, uye dzimwe nguva dzimwe opioid, pane kukurudzira munhu kuti asiye.
Kukuvara kuderedzwa chikamu chinokosha chekurapa kwevanhu vanojoka opioids. Inosanganisira zvirongwa zvakadai semapurogiramu ekutsinhanisa nenyuchi, nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzemajeri, maopioid replacement remitrapies (zvakadai seamethadone yekugadzirisa zvirongwa), uye naloxone sechigadziriswa chekudarika kudarika. Kukuvadzwa kuderedza kunoponesa upenyu hwevanhu avo vangadai vafa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakadai seHIV uye hepatitis, ropa chepfu, uye kudarika. Nharaunda yekudzivirira maitiro inowanzovawo danho rokutanga kune munhu anoshandisa maopioid mukuwana rubatsiro, uye anogona kutungamirira kune dzimwe kurapa.
Psychological Treatments for Opioid Addiction
Kurapa kwepfungwa kwakave kwakanyanya zvikuru mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, uye kutarisa pamatanho ose ekukunda kukura kweopioid, kubva pakuita chisarudzo chekushandura, kurega kana kuderedza kushandiswa kweopioid, kusazvidzivirira, nekudzivisa kudzokazve. Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinofanira kunge dzakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nemumwe munhu ane opioid kushandisa chirwere.
Mamwe ekurapa kwepfungwa kunonyanya kuzivikanwa anotsanangurwa pasi apa.
Kukurudzira Kukurukurirana & Kukurudzira Kuvandudza Therapy
Kukurudzirwa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mupfungwa yekugadzirisa kurapa kwakanaka kwehutano hweopioid. Kana mumwe munhu asinganzwi achida kubvisa opioid, vane dambudziko rakakura rekudzoka zvakare, iro rinogonawo, rinogona kutungamirira kune njodzi huru yekufa nekudarika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kubvunzurudza kunokurudzira kana kukurudzirwa kusimbisa chirwere ichi chiito chakakosha mukubatsira vanhu vanoshandisa opioid kuti vagadzirire kurega vasati vaiedza uye kuti vatungamirire kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekushandura .
Kubvunzurudza kunokurudzira kunowanzogamuchirwa zvakanaka nevanhu vanoshandisa opioid nekuti ndiyo nzira inotsigira. Kunyange zvazvo kune dzimwe nhema dzekukurudzira kubvunzurudza , kurapwa kunowanzobudirira.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cogntive behavioral therapy , kana CBT, ndeimwe yemishonga inoratidzirwa yeapioid use disorder. Mukuwedzera, inonyanya kubudirira pakurapa zvimwe zvinetso zvepfungwa, zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, uye kushungurudzika, izvo zvinowanzobatana neapioid zvinodhaka. Nokudaro, CBT inowanzova kurapa kwakanaka kwepfungwa kunotanga.
Vakaroorana Mazano
Vakaroorana vanopa mazano kana vakaroorana kurapa, dzimwe nguva kunonzi marital therapy, yakaratidzwa kuva yakabudirira mukurapa zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinodhaka uye zvinodhakwa, kusanganisira opioid kushandisa chirwere. Vakaroorana pakupa mazano kunobatsira vose vari vaviri vakaroorana vanoda kugara pamwe panguva uye shure kwekudzikinurwa kubva mune chirwere chewapioid kusangana uye kune avo vari kusarudza kuparadzana. Dzimwe nguva mazano ekuroorana anokwanisa kushandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe mishonga.
Family Therapy
Mishonga yehutano inogona kubatsira mhuri dzakawanda apo mumwe kana vamwe vemhuri vane dambudziko nekudhakwa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka, asi inonyanya kubudirira kune vechidiki vane dambudziko rekushandisa zvinhu. Nzira yekutanga inotarisa pamasimba emhuri semhuri yese seinodiwa kurapwa, uye munhu kana vanhu vane zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinhu zvinonzi sechiratidzo chechirwere chemhuri, panzvimbo yechinokonzera dambudziko racho.
Mishonga yehutano inogona kubatsira zvikuru apo vashandi kana vana vanobatwawo nehutano hwemunhu anenge akapindwa muropa kune opioid. Kunzwa pamusoro pezviitiko zvavo kunogona kubatsira kukurudzira mumwe munhu ane chidhakwa chekuchinja mararamiro avo kuitira kuvandudza hupenyu hweavo vavanoda. Mhuri inogonawo kuwana nzira dzokutsigira munhu kusiya maopioid, uye kuva nehanya zvakajeka nenzira dzaveve dzisina kuita kuti zvive nenhamo dzakaitika munguva yakapfuura.
Mhuri yehutano inowanzozivikanwa, uye inogona kuwanika sechikamu chepurogiramu yakanyatsorapwa, uye yakafukidzwa nenishuwarenzi, pamwe chete inowanikwa iri voga.
Hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy urudzi rwehutano hwepfungwa hunoshandisa zvinowanzoitika pfungwa dzepfungwa uye mazano ekurapa kubatsira vanhu vane zvinodhaka kuti vafunge zvakasiyana nezvekushanduka. Hypnotherapy inoshandisa hypnosis kubatsira vanhu kuti vawane aya maonero epfungwa mune imwe tsika uye yepamusoro. Hazvina kufanana nesheji hypnosis, iyo inoshandisa kuzvipira kana zvigaro 'zvisinganzwisisiki pfungwa zvinofadza vateereri.
Vamwe vanhu vanoona kugunun'una kuti vave vanobudirira mukuputsa nepfungwa dzavo pachavo dzepfungwa dzekuchinja, uye kuwana hypnotherapy kukupa simba, pamwe nekuzorodza, kuvabatsira kuti vawedzere kutonga pamusoro pemamiriro avo epfungwa pasina madhiragi. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo hypnotherapy inonyatsozivikanwa, iyo inopesana uye inogara isinganzwisisi kurapwa. Kana ukasarudza kuedza hypnotherapy, iva nechokwadi chokuti unoshandisa mushonga anokwanisa. Chiratidzo chinoshandiswa nehurumende uye unofanira kutarisira kubhadhara $ 100-200 paawa. Iwe pachako unoda zvidzidzo zvakawanda zve hypnotherapy kukutsigira iwe kuburikidza nekudzoka kwako.
Neurotherapy
Neurotherapy ndiyo inoshandiswa kurapwa zvakanyanya kuderedza zvinodhaka, asi iyo inogona kuva yakabudirira zvikuru, kunyanya kune vanhu vasingateereri zvakanaka kutaura nerapi. Yakawanikwa panguva yekudzidza kwezvipfuwo iyo uropi inogona kudzidziswa kubudisa mauropiyo ehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hunobatanidzwa nehutano hwepfungwa dzehutano, uye kuti kune maitiro e brainwave anokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa, kusanganisira zvinodhaka.
Neurotherapy inosanganisira kuva nemasikironi emagetsi asingabatanidzwi nechapachipa chako ne gel conductive, uye ozorodza apo kombiyuta inokupa mhinduro pamamiriro ako epfungwa. Iyi mhinduro inogona kunge yakafanana nemavhidhiyo emufirimu, unoita sechiedza sezvo uropi hwako huchiita hunodiwa hunodiwa uye hunotonhora sezvo hunobatanidza mafungiro anokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kunodhaka. Zvimwewo, vhidhiyo inogona kuva nemuvara inowedzera kana inopera mukusimba semhinduro. Mimhanzi kana toni dzinotinzwa zvinogona kushandiswa kukupa mhinduro, iyo inokurudzirwa kana yakadzika zvichienderana nehutano hwako, zvichikubvumira kudzorera uropi hwako sezvaunodhura nemeso ako akavharwa. Kana mimhanzi yakasarudzwa ichizorodza uye inofadza, izvi zvinogona kuva chiitiko chinonakidza, chinobvumira vanhu vane zvinodhaka kuti vawane kukwanisa kwavo kukwanisa kufadza pfungwa dzisina zvinodhaka.
Izvo hazvina vashandi vakawanda vanogona kupa neurotherapy services, sezvo isingazivikanwi muhutano hwehutano, uye inoda kudzidziswa kwakakura uye midziyo inodhura kupa basa. Avo vanozvipa, zvisinei, vanowanzozvipira zvakanyanya, uye vanonzwisisa mikana yavo yekubatsira vanhu vasina kupindura zvakanaka kune dzimwe mishonga. Kana uri kutarisa neurotherapy, iva nechokwadi chokuti unosarudza chiremba anozivikanwa neBiofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA), uye anotarisira kubhadhara $ 100-200 paawa, kwezvikamu zvakasiyana.
Kumi-gumi nematanho-Kutungamirira
Gumi nembiri-nhanho yekufambisa isarudzo yakavakirwa pamusana pekuti kushanda muboka rekutsigira pamwe chete seNarcotics Anonymous kana zvinodhaka Anonymous zvinogona kubatsira vanhu kuti vawane uye varambe vachirega. Kunyangwe pane humwe humwe uchapupu hwokuti nzira iyi inoshanda mukurapa kunwa doro nekudhakwa, uchapupu hwekubudirira kune vanhu vanoita maopioid hachiri pachena. Uyezve, sezvo mapoka asiri maitiro akaitwa, dzimwe nguva vanhu vanotambudza vanokwanisa kushandisa vashandi vanotambura, uye vanogona kushandisa mapoka ekugadzirisa zvinodhaka.
Vakawanda vatora mazano mumapoka aya vanobatsirwa neshamwari itsva uye mabasa akangwara anogona kuitika kuburikidza nemapoka maviri ekutsigira seAA kana AA. Misangano ine rusununguko uye inowanika pasi pose. Aya mapurogiramu akavakirwa pakugamuchirwa kwechirwere chechirwere chekushandisa kushandiswa kwemishonga, kuzvipira kune simba rakakwirira, nekudyidzana pakati pezera risina hanya.
Contingency Management
Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisira dzimwe nguva kunoshandiswa apo vanhu vane zvinetso zvekushandiswa kwemishonga vanorayirwa kurapwa nevanoshandira kana dare rematare. Mune urongwa hwehutsananguro hwekutonga, kusakwanisa kutevera zvinogadzirwa nehutano mukurasikirwa kwebasa, kuiswa mutorongo, nekurasikirwa mukurumbira. Kuenderera mberi kwehutungamiri kunogona kuwirirana nemafungiro akanaka kana anokurudzira, apo vatori vechikamu vanogona kuwana mari kana vouketi nekuda kwechirongwa.
Mishonga yeUrapi yeOpioid Addiction
Kune dzimwe nzira dzakasarudzwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzokusarudza kubva kana ukasarudza kurapwa kwemishonga.
Buprenorphine
Mutsara wokutanga wehutano ihofisi-based pharmacological kana mishonga-based therapy ne buprenorphine, mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa iyo inodzivirira maopioid receptors muuropi kudzivirira maopioid kubvisa zviratidzo , pasina kukonzera chiyero chakafanana chechi sedation kana kuti euphoria inowanikwa neaoodoid agonists chaiyo.
Buprenorphine maintenance therapy inotungamirirwa kuburikidza nekliniki. Varwere vanochengeterwa buprenorphine kana methadone havasi kungoshandura kune imwe mishonga yekushandiswa kwechisimba: ivo vose vari pamishonga inoshanda yakagadzirirwa nechiremba anokwanisa.
Vanachiremba vanoda chiremba kana DEA waiver kuti vataure buprenorphine kana Suboxone (buprenorphine plus naloxone, kuodza injection). Vanhu vanoshandisa kurapwa uku vanowanzokwanisa kugadzirisa ukama, kubata mabasa, uye vari pangozi yakaderera yekupara mumugwagwa, chisimba, uye HIV. Vanogadzikana kugadzikana kunobatsira kukwanisa kupindira muzviito zvekuita uye mamwe maitiro ekurapa kwepfungwa.
Methadone
Methadone inogadzirwa neopioid inogadzirisa migumisiro yekutambudzika pamusana penheyo, asi nekuderedza kwemafaro uye sedation inobatanidza heroin uye opioid mishonga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanopindwa muropa neopioid, zvakadai se heroin, vanogona kugadzikana mumuviri we methadone, vachivabvumira kuisa hupenyu hwavo mukuronga, uye kubata kurapwa kurapa izvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwavo. Iyo inoshanda pakurapwa kwekuregererwa kubva kune opioid uye inoshandiswa mumishonga-inobatsira kurapwa kwehutachiona hweopioid zvinodhaka. Inowanzopiwa mumuromo, asi inogona kupiwa nejisi, mumvura yakadzika, kana sehwendefa kana chifukidzo. Inowanzogoverwa kuburikidza nehurumende inotenderwa purogiramu.
Naltrexone
Naltrexone imwe yeropa rezvemasipirini inoshandiswa nguva shoma shoma nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kweipioid. Iyo inogadzirisa zvachose ma-opioid receptors uye somugumisiro, dzimwe nguva vanhu vanoshandisa opioid havadi zvinoitika, kazhinji vanongoshandisa iyo apo chinangwa chavo chokurega ndicho chakakwirira kwazvo. Iyo injini yakareba kwenguva refu, Vivitrol, iyo inonzi naltrexone inoderedza kuterera, inoda mishonga yepamwedzi.
Kusarudza Nyanzvi
Kana uine matambudziko newapioid kushandisa chirwere, kutumira kuhutano hwepfungwa kana kupindwa muropa kwehutano kunogona kubatsira pakusarudza matanho anotevera. Mikana yako yekubudirira inotarisira zvakawanda pane zvaunoda kuita kuti uchinje.
Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa pakurapa zvinowanzopiwa mvumo mune imwe nzvimbo, asi mitemo yehurumende inopesana nekuremekedza zvikwaniso izvo vanhu vanofanirwa kuchengetedza kuti vawane mvumo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo nehurumende, pane zvishoma zvido zvekudzidziswa nekudzidziswa mune zvekushandisa kushungurudzika, uye pane zvingasave nezvo zvinotarisirwa kudzidziswa mune mazano akakodzera. Kune mawebsite akawanda ane zvigadziro zvekubatsira iwe kuwana mishonga yemishonga, kusanganisira mawebsite akachengetedzwa nehurumende dzehurumende seSAMSHA.
Zvakakosha kuwana chiremba wezvechiremba akadzidziswa muropa. Iri boka rinogona kusanganisira vanachiremba vanopupura neAmerican Board of Addiction Medicine, kana avo vanodzidzisa kwemakore muhutano hwemagariro ehupfungwa uye vane ruzivo rwakanaka rwechirwere, kunyange zvazvo nhamba shoma yekurapa vanachiremba, kunyanya avo vanoshanda munharaunda ane mazinga ekushandisa kweopioid, vane ruzivo rwakakwana uye vane ruzivo mukurapa chirwere chekushandisa maopioid.
Zvakakoshawo kuwana unyanzvi wezvokudzivirira uyo haazobatsiri mune zvemari kubva pane zvinorayira kune imwe purogiramu kana boka rezvirongwa. Zvinobatsira kutarisana nenyanzvi ine ruzivo rwakawanda rwezvinhu zvose zvekurapa, kwete muridzi weimba yekurapa.
Kuongororwa kwakakwana nenyanzvi yakarovedzwa mukuongororwa kwezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinoshandiswa kunofanira kusanganisira kuongorora maitiro ako ekushandisa, uwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kusviba, zvinetso zvemutemo kana zvebasa, uye nhepfenyuro inobatsira iyo inogona kusanganisira mazita ezvakaberekwa, mhuri yemhuri, kushungurudzika, unyanzvi hwokugadzirisa, uye sangano rekutsigira.
Vamwe vanodhakwa vashandi vanobvunza kuti vataure nhengo dzemhuri kana shamwari dzepedyo, kuti vawane chinangwa chinowedzera chinangwa chemuenzaniso wechishandiswa. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kutungamirira nyanzvi yehutano kuti uwane chirongwa chakanakisisa chekurapa. Zvakakosha kugadzirisa chirongwa chekutenda kwemunhu uye nesayenzi yezvokurapa.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo inogona kuva nhanho yakaoma yekutsvaga kurapwa kweapioid kushandiswa kwemishonga, uye dzimwe nguva inogona kutora mishonga yakawanda uye kunyange kudzoka zvakare kuti irege kuzvidzora, hapana mubvunzo kuti hauzombozvidembi. Kune nhau dzakawanda dzinokurudzira dzevanhu vakakunda opioid kushandiswa kwechirwere, uye vave neruzivo rutsva rwehupenyu semugumisiro.
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