Chimwe chezvikoro zvepfungwa zvekutanga zvepfungwa
Structuralism inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yekutanga yechikoro chepfungwa mune zvepfungwa . Zvaisanganisira kuputsa uye kuongorora pfungwa mupfungwa duku kudarika. Structuralist psychology inowanzobatanidzwa naWilhelm Wundt , uyo aive akakurumbira kuburikidza nekugadzira yekutanga yebazi rakashandurwa pakuongorora kwepfungwa uye inowanzoonekwa sebaba vepfungwa dzemazuva ano.
Kubva Kwekugadzirisa Zvinhu
Wundt chaizvoizvo ndiye akatanga nheyo yechikoro ichi chekufunga? Kunyange zvazvo Wundt inowanzonyoresa sevakagadzirisa sarudzo, haana kumboshandisa izwi iri. Pane kudaro, Wundt akataura nezvepfungwa dzake sekuzvipira . Akanga ari mudzidzi wake, Edward B. Titchener , uyo akagadzira zita rokuti structuralism .
Kunyange zvazvo Titchener kazhinji inonzi yakagadzirwa nekugadziriswa kwemasangano uye kuunza pfungwa kune America, pfungwa dzakatanga naWundt. Titchener yakashandura zvakawanda zve izvo Wundt aidzidzisa. Wundt aidavira kuti pfungwa inogona kuputsika muzvivako nekugadzirisa zviitiko zvekuziva muzvikamu zviduku zvinogona kuongororwa, zvakafanana nedzimwe sciences. Titchener akasarudza kukora mararamiro eWundt ekugadzirisa maitiro nokuti zviitiko zvinoziva hazvirevi nyore kuzvidzora mukuedza sezvinoita.
Kunyatsoziva: Chimiro cheStrucuralism's Main Tool
Titchener akatora Wundt's experiment technique, inozivikanwa se introspection , uye yakashandisa iyo kuisa pfungwa pazvivako zvepfungwa dzevanhu.
Chero chipi zvacho chisingagoni kuongororwa uchishandisa nzira iyi, Titchener aidavira, akanga asiri munharaunda yepfungwa.
Titchener aifunga kuti kushandiswa kwekutsvaga, kwakashandiswa vanocherechedza avo vakanga vakadzidziswa zvakasimba kuongorora manzwiro avo nekunzwa pavakaratidzwa kushamisa, zvinogona kushandiswa kuwana zvigadziro zvepfungwa uye akashandisa chikamu chebasa rake rakazvipira kuita basa iri .
Titchener's Structuralism
Titchener's structuralism yakasimbisa zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha mukudzidza kwepfungwa dzevanhu:
- Kuti uone kuti ndangani matanho aivepo, tsvaga zvinhu zvezvinhu izvi, uye tsanangura kuti vanoshanda sei pamwe chete.
- Kuchengeta mitemo inodzora kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvepfungwa.
- Kuti uongorore kusangana kwepfungwa nepfungwa yenheyo.
Kutchener's Influence
Kwenguva yemakore makumi maviri, Titchener yakatungamirirwa nepfungwa dzeAmerica. Aivewo akawandisa zvikuru, achibudisa 216 mabhuku uye mapepa munguva yehupenyu hwake. Akadzidzisa huwandu hwevanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa, vanotarisira basa rechiremba yevadzidzi vanosvika 60 kusanganisira Margaret Floy Washburn naEridwin C. Boring. Asi nanhasi basa rake rinowanzotaurwa nezvekunze kunze kwezvakaitika kare. Akaramba akabata simba rakasimba panyaya dzepfungwa dzeAmerica munguva yehupenyu hwake uye akabatsira pakufunga kwepfungwa kuva davi rinoremekedzwa rezvesayenzi, asi simba rake rakatanga kupera shure kwekufa kwake.
Chimiro chekugadzirisa zvinhu chingangodaro chave chiine nguva shoma yekukurira mune zvepfungwa, asi chikoro chepfungwa chakanyanya kufa kunze kwekufa kwemuvambi wayo. Izvo zvakaita, zvisinei, zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kweimwe kufamba, kusanganisira basa , hutsika , uye Gestalt psychology.
> Sources:
> Encyclopaedia Britannica. Structuralism.
> Encyclopaedia Britannica. Wilhelm Wundt: ChiGiriki Physiologist uye Pfungwa yePfungwa. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Wundt.
> Hockenbury, DH, Hockenbury, SE. Nhanganyaya uye Nzira dzokutsvakurudza. Muna: Psychology. 5th ed. New York, NY: VaBhizimisi Vanokosha; 2010: 4-5.
> New World Encyclopedia. Structuralism: Structuralism in psychology (19th century).