Clark Hull aiva chiremba wepfungwa anozivikanwa nekutengesa kwake dzidziso nekutsvakurudza pamusoro pevanhu. Nokudzidzisa kwake, Hull aivewo nemafungiro kune mamwe mazita anozivikanwa uye ane simba ane masayendisiti epfungwa anosanganisira Kenneth Spence, Neal Miller, naAlbert Bandura.
Mune humwe hutsika hwevamwe vezvepfungwa dzepfungwa dzemazana ezana remakore rechi20, Hull yakarongerwa sechirevo chechigadzirwa chepfungwa chinowanzotaurwa kakawanda.
Dzidza zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwake, basa rake, uye zvipo kumunda wepfungwa.
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
- Dhiyabhorosi kuderedza pfungwa
- Behaviorism
- Tsvakurudzo panyaya ye hypnosis
Kuberekwa uye Rufu
- Clark Hull akaberekwa musi waMay 24, 1884 muAkron, New York.
- Akafira musi waMay 10, 1952 muNew Haven, Connecticut.
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Upenyu hwekutanga hwaClark Leonard Hull hwakaratidzwa nezvirwere zvekurwara. Akazvarwa muNew York uye akakurira purazi kumaruwa Michigan. Dzidzo yake yepakutanga yakaitika pane imwe imba yechikoro, iyo yaizodzidzisa kwegore rimwe apedza kudzidza asati apfuurira chikoro cheAlma Academy. Mushure mekunge apedza chikoro kubva kuchikoro, dzidzo yake yakanonoka kwegore nekuda kwechiitiko chakakomba chefifoid fever.
Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, akabata chirwere cheporiyo ndokubva ava mutezo wekupedzisira muhudyu rake rworuboshwe, achimusiya achivimba nesimbi yakagadziriswa uye dhaka kufamba. Akanga aine chido chekudzidza unyanzvi, asi hutano hwake hwakamuita kuti aite zvaanoda pane zvepfungwa.
Kunyange zvazvo hutano hwake husina hurombo uye matambudziko emari zvakaita kuti pave nekukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana mumudzidzo wake, pakupedzisira akawana zvikoro zvake uye zvidzidzo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeMichigan. Muna 1918, akapiwa chikoro chake cheP.D. kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison.
Basa reHull uye Mazano
Mushure mekunge apedza Ph.D. yake, Hull akagara paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison kudzidzisa.
Munguva iyi, akatanga kutsvaga kuyerwa nekufanotaura kwehutano uye akabudisa bhuku rake Aptitude Testing muna 1928.
Muna 1929, akatora chikoro paYunivhesiti yeYale apo aizoramba achiita basa rake rose. Akava mumwe wevadzidzi vekufunga kwepfungwa ekutanga kudzidzira kuongorora hypnosis . Munguva ino, iye akatangawo kukura izvo zvaizozopedzisira zvave chikonzero chake chokutsvaga maitiro. Hull yakaisa pfungwa uye kutsvakurudza kwevamwe vanhu vaifunga, kusanganisira Charles Darwin, Ivan Pavlov , John B. Watson , uye Edward L. Thorndike .
Kufanana nemamwe maitiro, Hull aidavira kuti maitiro ose aigona kutsanangurwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Maererano neHull's drive reductions theory, kushayikwa kwezvakaberekwa kunoumba zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinoda kushandisa zvinotungamirira izvo zvinokurudzira maitiro. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nechinangwa-chinotungamirirwa, kubva pakuzadzikisa zvinangwa izvi muhupenyu hwehupenyu.
Hull yakafuridzirwa naDarwin uye yakatenda kuti kushanduka kwekushanduka kwakagadzirisa madhairiro aya uye maitiro ekuguma. Akataura kuti kudzidza kwakaitika kana kusimbiswa kwezviito kwakaguma pakusangana nemhando yehupenyu hwekuda.
Semuenzaniso, zvinodiwa zvinokosha zvakadai senzara uye nyota zvinokonzera zvipenyu kuti zviwane kugutsikana kwezvidikanwi izvi nekudya nokunwa.
Izvi zvinotungamirira zvishoma nezvishoma. Ndicho kuderedzwa kwezvifambisi zvinoshanda sekusimbisa kwehutano. Maererano neHull, mufambiro ndiwo mugumisiro wekuenderera mberi nekubatana kwakakomba kwehupenyu uye zvakatipoteredza.
Mipiro Kumunda wePychology
Hull's driving reduction theory yakashanda senzira yakawanda yekudzidza yakabatsira kusimbisazve mamwe mabasa nevatsvakurudzi. Semuenzaniso, Miller naDollard vakashandisa Hull's basicory theory more broadly to include social learning and imitation. Zvisinei, ivo vakaratidzira kuti kukurudzira kunokurudzira hakubviri kuti kusungirirwe kuzvinodiwa zvehupenyu.
Clark Hull akafambisawo dzimwe nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzepfungwa. Akava mumwe wevanonyanya kutaurwa nezvepfungwa dzepfungwa panguva dzema1940 nema1950. Isati yasvika pakugadzirisa kwekufunga kwema1960, pfungwa dzake dzakange dzine simba guru mune zveAmerican psychology.
Akarayirawo vadzidzi vanoverengeka vakapedza kudzidza. Vakaenderera mberi vachiita zvipo zvakakosha kumapfungwa, kusanganisira Neal Miller, OH Mowrer, Carl I. Hovland, uye Kenneth Spence. Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvedzidziso dzake zvisingakanganwi mune zvepfungwa, kusimbiswa kwake pakuedza kwekuedza kwakaisa chimiro chepamusoro chevanotsvakurudza munguva yemberi.
Selected Publications
Hull, C. (1933). Hypnosis uye Suggestibility: Nzira yekuongorora . New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Hull, C. (1943). Nheyo dzemitemo . New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Hull, C. et al. (1940). Mathematico-Deductive Dzidziso yeRote Kudzidza . New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press.
> Sources
Hothersall, D. (1995). Nhoroondo yePsychology, 3rd ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
Hull, C. (1943). Nheyo dzemitemo. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Miller, N. & Dollard, J. (1941). Kudzidza Kwemagariro uye Kutevedzera. New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press.
Schrock, J. (1999). Clark L. Hull.
Spence, KW (1952). Clark Leonard Hull: 1884-1952. The American Journal of Psychology, 65 (4), 639-646.