Kudya Zvinetso Zvichienderana nePobia Inofanirwa Kuita (Emetophobia)
Iwe unotya kukanda mapfumo pasi here? Izvi zvinokubatsira here kudya kwako? Wakamboonekwa kuti une chirwere chekudya here? Zvingaita here kuti chirwere chako chekudya chaicho (kana zvakare) chive chebibia?
Kungofanana nekutya kwekubhururuka kana kutya kwezvitsinye , kutya kwekurutsira kunogona kuva kwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti kunowedzera. Izvo zvakashata zvekurutsira (SPOV), iyo inonziwo emetophobia , inoratidzirwa mune zvekurapa.
Bhuku Rekuziva uye Rokusimudzira reMental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) rinoritora se "phobia", "imwe" "subtype".
SPOV inosanganisira kutya kwakasimba uye kusinganzwisisiki kwekurutsira nekudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana nekurutsa. Inogona kutarisa yakawanda sechirwere chekudya, uye kazhinji iko-inowanikwa neyeye. Vanhu vazhinji vane dambudziko rekutya kwekurutsira vanotsvaka kurapwa nekudya chirwere chekurapa zvirwere kana pakudya zvirwere zvepfungwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakawanda vane SPOV vanonzwisiswa sevane chirwere chekudya-imwe yekudzidza muna 2013 yakaratidza kuti vazhinji vanorwara nehutano vangave vasingazivi nezve SPOV kana kuti vanozviziva pavanozviona.
Kunyanya phobia yekurutsika haina kunyatsotsvakurudzwa. Iyo inobata vakadzi vakawanda kupfuura varume uye kazhinji inokura muhuduku kana kuyaruka. Mutevedzeri ane chirwere anotambudzwa kwemakore 25 asati achitsvaga kurapwa. Vanachiremba vanowanzoona SPOV sechinetso chokurapa nekuda kwekuderera kwepamusoro uye kushaya rubatsiro pakurapa.
Inogona kuva imwe yezvinonyanya kukanganisika zve phobias nokuti vanhu vane nayo vanouya kuti vasabatanidzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemamiriro ezvinhu.
Zviratidzo uye Kuongororwa
Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana zvinogona kuratidza kuti une chirwere chekurutsa.
Sensations
Chiratidzo chikuru che SPOV chinowanzotambudza chirwere, chishuwo chisingafadzi chinokonzerwa nehutachiviri hwemuviri.
Vanhu vane SPOV vanonzwa vanyunyuta kakawanda kupfuura vanhu vasina phosbia. Vanhu vakawanda vane SPOV vanonzwa vanonzwa vachinzwa neuseated mazuva ose kusvika kumazuva maviri, kazhinji kwemaawa anopfuura panguva. Chiitiko chekunyunyuta kunoratidzika kunge kuchibatana zvakasimba nekukura kwekutya kwekuti vanhu vanonzwa. Vaya vane SPOV vanowanzofungisisa zvakare vanoita sevanorasikirwa nemutoro.
Thoughts
Kana iwe uine SPOV, iwe unotya nepfungwa yekurutsira. Iwe unogonawo kutya kutya kurasikirwa uye kurwara. Paunonzwa uchirwara, iwe unogona kuve nehanya nekufunga, "Ndichaenda kurutsa," nekutenda kwakasimba kuti iwe uchadaro.
Iwe unogona kutya iwe kurutsa uye vamwe vanokupoteredza kurutsa. Vanhu vazhinji (47 muzana) nemarutsi anonzi phobia zvikuru vanotya kuzvirutsa, uye nepamwero muduku vanotya vamwe kurutsa. Nhamba shomanana (41 muzana) inotya ivo pachavo uye vamwe vachirutsira. Kazhinji vanhu vane SPOV chete kana kuti vanotya vamwe (uye kwete ivo) kurutsa. Kuoma mune vamwe kunogona kutyiwa zvikurukuru kunze kwekutya kuparadzirwa.
Behaviors
Kana iwe une SPOV iwe unogona kuita mhando dzezviito kuti uedze kuderedza mukana wako wokurutsa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mumuviri wako kuongorora muviri wako kune zvinonzwa uye zviratidzo zvaunogona kurutsa.
Iwe unogonawo kuita zvekuchengetedza kutsvaga maitiro uye kudzivisa mafambiro anosanganisira kuongorora mazuva ekupera kwekudya, kudzivisa doro, uye kudzivisa zvimwe zvokudya zvakadai sezvokudya uye zvegungwa. Aya maitiro ekudzivirira anogona kudyira kushushikana kukuru uye nguva.
Kushata Kwepfungwa
Vanhu vane SPOV vanotambura kukuvara kukuru. Inogona kupindira nebasa kana iwe ungatora mazuva kubva nokuti unofunga kuti mumwe munhu ari muhofisi yako anorwara. Iko kunogona kuchinja hupenyu hwako hwemagariro kana iwe uchidzivisa kusangana kwemagariro apo iwe unotenda kune ngozi yakawedzerwa yekurutsa. Iwe unogonawo kudzivisa kubatana nevana kana vachirwara kana kurara pane imwe imba kana mumwe wako ari kurwara kana kuti ari kunwa.
Miedzo yekuongorora
Pane zviyero zviviri zvakavimbiswa kuongororwa zve SPOV:
- Specific Phobia yekugadzirisa Inventory (SPOVI)
- Emetophobia Questionnaire (EMETQ)
Kuwirirana Nezvimwe Zvinetso
Nemhaka yokuti kutya kwakakwana kwekurutsira kune zvakawanda zvinowanzoenderana nezvimwe zvirwere zvinonzwisisika zvakanyanya, zvinogona kunge zvisingazivikanwi uye zvisingazivikanwi. Kurwara kushungurudzika kwepfungwa (yekare hypochondriasis) inobatanidza zvakawanda zvakafanana neSPOV, kusanganisira kunetseka, kutsvaka kutsitsigisa, uye kuongorora maitiro pamusoro pezvirwere zvinogona kuitika kana kutyisa chekudya kunogona kutungamirira mukurutsa.
Zviratidzo zveSPOV zvinogona kutaridzika sekusurukwa kwekugadzirisa maoko kana kuchenesa kunowanikwa mukusaona-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (OCD) . Zvose SPOV nedambudziko rekushungurudzika zvinoratidzirwa nepamusoro pekuwedzerwa uye kutya kwekunzwa kwomuviri, iyo inowedzera kuwedzera manzwiro. Vamwe varwere vane SPOV vane zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvehukama hwevanhu , vachitya kurutsa mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu kana vamwe vanotonga kana vakarwara.
Kuwirirana nekudya kwekudya
Nepo chirwere chekudya chirwere uye SPOV chinogona kuwirirana, pane zvishoma zvitsvakurudzo pamusoro pekuti izvi zvinowanzoitika sei. Mune rumwe ruzivo rwekuita kwekudya kune vanhu vane SPOV, inenge chikamu chetatu chevatori vechikamu chakaregedza kudya kwavo uye vakaita mamiriro asina tsika ekudya. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti 80 kubva muzana yevanhu vane SPOV vakarondedzera tsika dzisina kudya uye 61 muzana vakataura nezvokudzivirira kudya. Muchidzidzo chechitatu, zvevarwere 131 vane SPOV, vana vakatariswawo vane anorexia nervosa.
Vanhu vane SPOV vanowanzovharira zvokudya kuti vaderedze njodzi yekurutsa. Sezvo vakadaro, vanogona kutarisa zvakanyanya sevarwere vane zvinetso zvekudya, kunyanya kudzivisa kusavhiringidzika kwekuita chirwere (ARFID) , iyo DSM-5 inotsanangura sechirwere chekudya umo vanhu vanokundikana kuwana zvinodiwa zvavo zvekudya asi havana chimiro chemuviri zvinetso zvevanhu vane anorexia nervosa. Vanhu vane SPOV vanogonawo kugadzirisa zvirongwa zveA ARFID apo pane kutya kukuru kwekurutsa uye kudya kunogadzirirwa uye chero chimwe chezvinhu zvinotevera zvinosangana:
- Kukosha kurasikirwa nekurema
- Kukosha kwekudya kwekudya
- Kutenderera pane tube yekudya
- Kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa
Nokufamba kwenguva uye nekugadziriswa kwezvokudya, vamwe vanhu vane SPOV iyo inosangana neArgid criteria inogonawo kutanga kukura zvinhu zveanorexia nervosa, zvakadai sekurema uye maitiro ane hanya, mufananidzo wemuviri wakaipa, kana kudzivirirwa kwezvokudya zvakawandisa.
Zvinowanzoitawo kuti vamwe vanhu vane SPOV vangave vasina kuongororwa neanorexia nekuda kwekudya-kusagadzikana mafungiro nemafambiro anotungamirirwa nekutya kwekutya panzvimbo yekudya psychopathology. Paanoita kusiyanisa kuongororwa vanachiremba vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti nei murwere anotya uye achidzivirira kudya: ndeyekuda kutya kuwedzera kuwanda kana kutya kwekurutsa?
Development
Phobias inotendwa inokonzerwa nekubatana kwakaoma kwema genetic uye zvakatipoteredza. Iko kunotendwa kuva nhamba yezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzerwa neSPOV. Vanhu vanokura kutya kwekurutsa vanoita sevanowanzoshungurudzika kuzvidya mwoyo. Vanogona kutaurira kuzvidya mwoyo kuburikidza nemararamiro emukati se "butterflies mudumbu" kana kusuruvara. Pakupedzisira, vangave vane kunyanya kunzwisa tsitsi.
Mafibias akawanda anosanganisira kutya kunodzidza kunoita kuti izvi zvivepo. Chimwe chiitiko chinoshungurudza chingangodaro chakakonzera kukura kwechibibia. Vanhu vazhinji vane SPOV vanoyeuka chiitiko chinoita kuti ivo pachavo kana vamwe varutsire. Vamwe vanhu vanoyeuka kwete chiitiko chinokonzera; idzi dzinogona kunge dziine chiitiko chekudzidza zvakasimba, somuenzaniso kuverenga pamusoro pechiitiko chekurutsira kana kunzwa mumwe munhu achitaura pamusoro pokurutsa nenzira inotyisa.
Maintenance
Kana vanhu vakawanda vakanyatsocherechedza zviratidzo zvepamuviri, zvinowanzoita kuti vaone kuora mwoyo. Vaya vanoona kushungurudzika mumuviri vanogona kudonhedzana nenzira dzisinganzwisisiki zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki zvekuchera sechiratidzo chekushushikana kunouya. Izvi zvinokonzera kuwedzera kuzvidya mwoyo, izvo zvinowedzera kushungurudzika.
Manzwiro aya anogona kunge akanganisa nokuda kwechiratidzo chinonyevera kuti kushambidzika kwava pedyo. Izvi zvisinganzwisisiki zvinotyisa zvinowedzera kuwedzera kuzvidya mwoyo, uye utsinye hunopfuurira hunopfuurira. Kunyanya kunetseka munhu anonzwa, kunyanya kutya kwavo, kunyanya kugadziriswa, kunyanya kunetseka.
Kuzvidzivirira uye kuchengetedza mafungiro zvinochengetedzawo maitiro. Vanhu vane SPOV vanowanzozvidzivirira kudya zvakananga kunze kwekutya kurutsa. Kazhinji vadzivisa kudya kunosanganisira nyama, huku, hove uye shellfish, zvokudya zvekune dzimwe nyika, midziyo yemiti, uye michero nemiriwo. Zvinogona kurega huwandu hwezvokudya kuti kuderedze manzwiro ekuzadza avo vavanotya kunogona kutungamirira mukurutsa. Vanogonawo kurega kudya zvokudya mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai sekubika kubikwa nevamwe vanhu.
Vanhu vane rutsiro phobia vanogona kuuya kuti varege kuwanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu:
- Vaya vanotenda vachawedzera mungozi yavo yekurutsira-kudya kubva mumasaraji e-salad kana buffets, kushanyira vanhu muchipatara, kudya mumaresitorendi, zvivako zvevanhu vose, kufamba, zvikepe uye ndege, kuenda paki yekunakidza, kana vanhu vanorwara musangano
- Iko pavanotenda kuti vanogona kuona mumwe munhu achirutsa-zviitiko apo vaenzi vanonwa doro, nzvimbo dzinotamba vana-kana kuti pavanotya vanogona kurutsa pamberi pevamwe
- Kuberekwa-vamwe vakatosarudza kugumisa kubata nekuda kwekutya kwavo kurutsa
- Yakurudzirwa kuvhiyiwa
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti dzakawanda zvezviitiko izvi zvinodziviswa zvingangosangana nehutano hushoma hwekurutsa. Somugumisiro, vanhu vanovadzivisa vanokundikana kudzidza kuti izvi mamiriro ezvinhu haisi ngozi.
Vanhu vane SPOV vanokudziridza mafambiro ekuchengetedza vanotenda kuderedza mukana wavo wokurutsa. Vanogona kutora antiacids, kupfeka magirafu emabhanhire, kakawanda chengetedza kutengesa zuva uye kuve kwekudya, kushambidza maoko avo zvakanyanya, kuchenesa zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekicheni, uye kushambidza zvokudya zvakanyanya. Vanorondedzera kushanda kwezviyero izvi mukudzivirira kurutsa.
Zvinobatsira vanhu vane SPOV kuti vanzwisise kuti nguva zhinji yekurutsika hakusi yakasiyana zvikuru nevanhu vane SPOV kupfuura ivo vasina vanhu vane phobia uye vasingaiti kudzivisa uye kuchengetedza maitiro. Muzvokwadi, kurutsira inowanzoitika.
Kurapa
Kutsvakurudza pamusoro pekurapa kwe SPOV kwakanyanya kwazvo, neine chete yakabudiswa muedzo wakatarwa unotaridzika. kusanganisa-behavioral therapy (CBT) ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa zvikuru yekurapa kwe SPOV nedzimwe phobias. Mishonga inofanira kutanga neongororo yakajeka uye kugadzirisa kunobatsira murwere kunzwisisa zvinotarisira kuti murwere atye. Iko kushandiswa kunotungamirirawo kusarudzwa kwezvinangwa zvekurapa.
Sezvakaita nefibias dzakawanda, kufungidzira chinhu chikuru chekurapa. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukurapa kweSSPO ndeyekuti kurapwa hakuwanzo kusanganisira kutsvaga kumamiriro chaiwo-kureva, kuzviita kushambidza. Kunyunyuta kwekurutsira kuburikidza nechimiro chemafungiro hakuratidzi kuti chinoshanda kana chakachengeteka, kunyanya kana chakaitwa kakawanda. Uyezve, kusarudzwa kumwe chete hakugone kukwana kuderedza kusagadzikana kwekurutsa. Chirwere chinotarisa panzvimbo yekutarisana nemanzwiro anosangana nemarutsi uye mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa kutya kutya.
Psychoeducation
CBT yeSPOV inowanzotanga nekugadzirwa kwepfungwa maererano nekurutsa phobia, kusanganisira maitiro ekufungisisa kwekuzvidya mwoyo kusimbisa kuwirirana kwekuziva, kwepanyama, uye maitiro. Varwere vanofanira kudzidziswa nezvezvinhu zvinochengetedza chirwere uye kukosha kwekutsvaga mukurapa.
Unogona kuvimbiswa kuti udzidze kuti:
- Kuputika inzira yakasarudzika uye inogadzirisa, yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza hupenyu hwako nokubvisa muviri wako wechinhu chawakanyora chakasvibiswa kana chakaipa.
- Mhuka dzese dzinodyiwa kunze kwemakonzo dzinosuka (ndicho chikonzero chikafu chepfu chinoshanda).
- Iwe haugone kuzvidzivirira pamarutsiro. Icho chiri chirevo chekare chisingagoni kudziviswa.
- Nausea inongowanzova chiratidzo chekurutsira.
- Zvokudya kuchengetedza mitemo, firiji, uye kushambidzika kwetsvina zvakaderedza zvakanyanya muenzaniso wekurutsira munyika yakabudirira; Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuyeuka kurutsa zvinenge zvina kana katanhatu munguva yeupenyu hwavo hwose.
Kuchengetedza
Kurapa kwekuita emetophobia kunowanzobatanidza kufanana nekunzwa kwepanyama kunonyanya kuitika uye kuchengetedzwa kweSPOV, zvakadai sekunyunyuta. Kunyanya kuratidzwa kwepanyama kunosanganisira kukanganisa zviratidzo zvepanyama zvinofanana nekuzvidya mwoyo. Semuenzaniso, kuva nemurwere kunotora nguva inogona kukonzera dutu uye dzimwe nguva kunetseka.
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekurapa kweBCT zvinosanganisira kufungidzira zvinyorwa zvezviitiko zvekare zvekurutsa. Vamwe vanachiremba vanoshandisa mavhidhiyo evamwe kurutsira. Dzimwe nguva varwere vanobvunzwa kuti vasvike. Muchiito ichi, vanoisa chikafu chezvokudya mumuromo mavo, vanofugama pamberi peimba yegairi, uye vanopfira muimba yekumbuzi kuti vafananidze maitiro uye manzwiro okurutsa. Varwere vanogonawo kuratidzwa kune chinhu chinotarisa kana chinonhuwira semarutsi.
Mukuwedzera pakusvikiswa kwekunzwa kwepanyama uye kune zvimwe zvekurutsira zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa, kurapwa kunofanira kusanganisira kuiswa kune zvokudya zvose nemamiriro ezvinhu akadziviswa. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nenzira yepamusoro-soro, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotyisa zvinowanikwa nenguva. Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kusanganiswa. Somuenzaniso, munhu angadya kudya kwekutya uye ozoenda ku-rollercoaster.
CBT kurapa inosanganisira kurega kudzivirira maitiro, zvakadai sekupfeka magirafu uye kuchenesa zvakanyanya. Inosanganisirawo zvinetso zvinokonzera kufunganya-kufunga pfungwa.
Kunyange zvazvo kugadzirisa mafungiro ehupenyu huchava pachena, mamwe mishonga yakadai seSRRI inogona kubatsira, kunyanya kana pane mamwe mafungiro kana zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo.
Kuremekedzwa kwehuremu
Kana murwere ari muhomwe yakaderera, saka kuwedzera kuwedzerwa uye kudzorerwa kwemaitiro akaenzana ekudya mu SPOV inokosha kurapa chinangwa, sezvinongoita anorexia nervosa. Mhuri-yakagadzirirwa kurapwa yakarongedza kugadzirisa kwekudya uye kubudiswa kunogona kuva sarudzo yakanaka yekutarisa kwevechiri kuyaruka neSSPOV inoda kudzorera uremu.
Shoko Rinobva
Zvakajairika kuti unzwe usingadi kubvunza rubatsiro. Kana iwe (kana munhu waunoda) uchitya kwazvo kurutsira, zvakakosha kugamuchira kuongororwa kunotungamirira pakutsvaga kwakarurama. Ipapo iwe unogona kutanga nzira yekugadzirisa.
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