Panic Dambudziko uye DSM-5
Shanduro itsva yeDMM inosanganisira kuchinja kuhutano hwehutano hwehutano huzhinji hwehutano hwepfungwa. Izvi zvigadziriro zvino zvinoshandisa kuti matambudziko akasiyana akasiyana sei uye akaongororwa. Izvo zvinotevera zvinotsanangura DSM-5 uye kuchinja kwechangobva kuitika kwakaitika kune kuongororwa kwekutya chirwere, panic kushungurudza , uye agoraphobia.
Chii chinonzi DSM?
Bhuku Rekuziva uye Rokusimudzira reMental Disorders, kana kuti iro DSM chete, ibhuku rakabudiswa neAmerica Psychiatric Association (APA) yekushandiswa kwekuongorora zvirwere zvepfungwa.
Iyo DSM inosanganisira zvose zvinoratidzirwa zvirwere zvepfungwa dzose dzepfungwa, zvichizvipa mukurumbira se "bhaibheri" yehutano hwehutano hunoonekwa.
I DSM-5 inoratidza kutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwebhuku kubva muna 1994. Nemharidzo iyi ichangobva kubuda kunze, kwakave nekuchinja kwakawanda kwakaitwa muhutano hwehutano hwepfungwa, kusanganisira matambudziko akawedzerwa uye akasiiwa. Uyezve, kuchinjwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa kumiganho yekuongororwa yemamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Dambudziko rekushaya chirwere nderimwe rematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa akashandurwa mune ino shanduro yemaDM.
Kuchinja Kwakaitwa Nhamo Dambudziko Rinoonekwa
Kuchinja kunonyanya kukosha kwakaitika kune kuongororwa kwekutyisa chirwere ndiyo nzira iyo ikozvino yakarongeka maererano neAgoraphobia. Mune shanduro yekupedzisira yeDSM, panic disorder yakaonekwa kuti inoitika kana kuti pasina agoraphobia. Mune idzva DSM-5, kutya kwepfungwa uye agoraphobia zvicharondedzerwa sezvirwere zviviri zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana zvehutano hwepfungwa.
Dzimwe humwe shanduko dzakaitikawo kune marudzi ekutya kunotsanangurwa mu DSM.
Panic Dambudziko. Kuda kwepfungwa kunoramba kwakarongeka sehutano hwekuzvidya mwoyo nechirwere chikuru chiri chiitiko chekuramba chiripo uye kazhinji kusatarisirwa kwezvinotyisa. Izvi zvinotsanangurawo kuti izvi zvinotyisa zvinoratidzwa nekuenderera mberi kutya kwekurwiswa kwemazuva anotevera, kuchinja mumanzwiro eunhu kudzivisa kurwisana uku, kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri izvi kwemwedzi unoverengeka.
Kutyisa Kunopikisa. Shanduro yekare yeDMM yakaratidza mhando dzekutya kwekutyisa seimwe yezvikamu zvitatu: zvakasungwa zvakasungwa / zvakakungwa, zvisingatarisirwi / zvisina kubviswa. Iyo DSM-5 yakabvisa imwe yenyaya iyi uye iri nyore kurwisa panic sezvo yakakodzera mumhando mbiri dzakarongeka: inotarisirwa kana kusatarisiri.
Zvinotarisirwa kuti panic zvirwere ndezviya zvinoitika nekuda kwekutya kwakadaro, zvakadai apo munhu anotya kubhururuka uye ane kutya kwekutya apo ari mundege. Zvisingatarisirwi panic kuitika zvinowanzoerekana zvangoitika kana kunze kwe-bluu risina chekunze kunze kwekuti kurwisa kwava kuzoitika. Izvi zvinorwiswa zvisingafungi ndizvo zvinoratidzirwa zvekutyisa chirwere.
Agoraphobia. Mune ikozvino yakagadziridzwa shanduro ye DSM, agoraphobia ikozvino inomira kunze kwekutya chirwere chepfungwa seyo pachayo yakasiyana uye ine codable diagnostic. Izvo zvinotaridzirwa zvegoraphobia zvino zvinosanganisira ruzivo rwekutya kwakanyanya kana kushungurudzika mumamiriro maviri emagoraphobic, sekunge kunze kwemusha bedzi, kutakura kwevanhu (kureva ndege, mabhazi, subways, etc.), nzvimbo dzakasununguka, nzvimbo dzevanhu (kureva kuti zvivako, mafirimu, kana mafirimu), mapoka evanhu kana kumira mumutsara nevamwe vanhu, kana kusanganiswa kwezviviri kana kupfuura zvezviitiko izvi.
Kuti uongororwe ne agoraphobia, munhu wacho achadawo kuratidza maitiro ekudzivisa . Kuzvidzivirira uku kunoitika mukutya kwekutya kutyisidzira kana zviratidzo zvine chokuita nekuzvidya mwoyo mumamiriro ezvinhu izvo zvingava zvakaoma kutiza kana pasina rubatsiro rwaizovepo. Agoraphobics inoshungurudzwa zvikuru nemafambiro ekudzivisa, sezvo izvi zvichinyanyisa kunetsa hutano hwehutano hwehutano uye kushanda kwese.
DSM-5 Kurwisana
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzehutano hwepfungwa dzakaratidza kusagutsikana nekuchinja kwakaitika munyaya yakabuda yeDMM. Zvimwe zvinetso zvinowedzera, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwekuvhiringidza mafungiro ekudengenyeka kwepfungwa zvinogona kutorwa kusanganisira kutsamwa, kubhejera kusvuta, uye kubvisa - pamwe nekubviswa kwezvimwe zvirwere, zvakadai seAsperger disorder - zvakasangana nekumwe kushorwa.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakasvika mberi dzichitaura kunetseka kuti kuchinja kunomiririra muDMM-5 kusina uchapupu hwakakwana hwezvesayenzi uye kunogonawo kuwedzera pakuwedzera kutsvaga vatengi.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinochengetedza DSM-5, vachikakavara kuti kuchinja uku kunogona kubatsira vamwe vatengi kuwana rubatso rwakakodzera uye kurapwa kwavanoda. Somuenzaniso, vashandi vanobata chirwere chinotyisa nevanotsvakurudza vakaongorora chiitiko ichi vakawana kuti vatengi vanogona kuwana agoraphobia pasina dambudziko rekushungurudzika. Kusiyanisa pakati pepanic disorder neAgoraphobia kunogona kubatsira avo vane mamiriro ezvinhu aya kuwana rubatsiro rwakanakisisa uye kurapwa izvo zvicharatidzika kune imwe neimwe mamiriro akasiyana.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.). "Washington, DC: Munyori.
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Website Development: http://www.dsm5.org