Max Wertheimer yaiva imwe yenhamba dzekutanga dzechikoro chekufunga chinonzi Gestalt psychology. Nzira yeGestalt yakatarira pakutarisa zvinhu seyese, zvichiratidza kuti zvose zvakanga zvisingopfuura kuwanda kwezvikamu zvayo. Izvi zvinogona kuenzaniswa nechikoro che structuralist chekufunga , icho chakanga chaisa pfungwa pakuputsa zvinhu kune zviduku zvishoma zvingaita.
Basa raMurtheimer uye zvakaratidzwa zvakave zvakakonzera nzira yeGestalt uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai sesayenzi yepfungwa uye yekudzidza kwekunzwa uye kunzwisisa.
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa:
- Gestalt psychology
- Gestalt mitemo yekunzwisisa sangano
- The Phi Phenomenon
Kuberekwa uye Rufu:
- Max Wertheimer akaberekwa musi waApril 15, 1880.
- Akafa musi waOctober 12, 1943.
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Max Wertheimer akaberekerwa muPrague, Czechoslovakia munguva yekupera kwema1800. Baba vake vaiva mudzidzisi uye vakashanda semutungamiriri weimwe chikoro chekune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwekudzidzisa. Kunyange zvazvo aifarira zvikuru mimhanzi, akazovawo anofadzwa nefilosofi. Wertheimer pakutanga akadzidza mutemo payunivhesiti, asi munguva pfupi yakashandura kusvika kufilosofi nekupfungwa. Muna 1904, akazopedza summa cum laude nedhigiriyiti yechikoro kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWurzburg.
Career
Mushure mokucherechedza kuti mabhanje anotsvaira pachiteshi chezvitima akaumba sei kufungidzira kwekufamba, akawedzera kuva nehanya nekudzidza kwekunzwisisa .
Akadana izvi zvisiri izvo zvekufambisa chiitiko chePhi, iyo ndiyo imwecheteyo iyo mifananidzo inofamba inobva.
Paaiva paYunivhesiti yeFrankfurt's Psychological Institute, akatanga kushanda pamwe chete nevabatsiri vaviri vainzi Wolfgang Kohler naKurt Koffka. Varume vatatu vakave vashandi pamwe chete uye vaizoenderera mberi kugadzira chikoro chekufunga chinonzi Gestalt psychology.
Mushure mekushanda semupurofesa paYunivhesiti yeFrankfurt kwemakore anoverengeka, akatamira kuUnited States muna 1933. Akabva atanga kudzidzisa paNew School for Social Research muNew York City uye akaramba achishanda ikoko kwemakore gumi akatevera.
Kutenda nebasa rake, Chikoro chitsva chakava chimwe chezvikoro zvinotungamirira zvepfungwa mukati mekutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Musi waOctober 12, 1943, Wertheimer akabatwa nehutu hunouraya kumba kwake muNew York. Vanhu vazhinji vakapinda musangano wekuyeuchidza wakaitwa mukukudzwa kwake paSchool School mavhiki mashomanana mushure mekufa kwake, kusanganisira musayendisiti akakurumbira Albert Einstein.
Mwanakomana waMuttheimer, Michael Wertheimer, zvakarewo nyanzvi yezvepfungwa uye Purofesa Emeritus paYunivhesiti yeColorado-Boulder.
Mupiro Wake kune Psychology
Somumwe wevatatu vatatu veGestalt psychology, Wertheimer aiva nemasimba makuru ekusimudzirwa kwepfungwa uyewo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasanganisira kushungurudzika uye kuona uye kuongorora kwepfungwa .
Muna 1946, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Soromoni Asch akanyora kuti "... kufunga nezvaMax Wertheimer kwakapinda munharaunda yese yepfungwa yekuongorora mupfungwa uye yakasiya kusingagumi mupfungwa dzepfungwa dzepfungwa uye pamabasa avo ezuva nezuva.
Migumisiro yakave yakareba kwazvo mubasa remakore makumi matatu apfuura, uye inogona kuwedzera munguva yemberi. "
Gestalt psychology yakaita chikamu sekutarisana neatomism yechikoro chechirongwa chekufunga. Kusiyana nekugadzirisa zvinhu, izvo zvakakonzera kukanganisa maitiro ekufunga mukati mawo maduku maduku kunokwanisika, Gestalt psychology yakatora nzira yakakwana. Maererano neVaGestalt vanofunga, zvose zvakakura kudarika zvikamu zvezvikamu.
Kubva muchikoro ichi chekufunga kwakabuda mitemo yeGestalt yenzira yekuziva . Izvo zvigadziro zvemashoko anonzwisisa zvinotsanangura kuti zviduku zvakadini zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete kuti zvive zvakakura.
Shoko Rinobva
Max Wertheimer aiva nebasa rinokosha mukutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa. Mukuwedzera pakuvamba chikoro chitsva chokufunga mupfungwa dzepfungwa dzakakonzera kunzwisisa kwedu kwokuti pfungwa dzinoshanda sei, Wertheimer inokonzerawo vamwe vakawanda vasina kufunga vanoitawo kuti vawane zvipo zvinokosha kumunda wepfungwa.
> Sources:
> Hergenhahn, BR & Henley, T. An Nhoroondo yeNhoroondo yePsychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Kudzidza; 2014.
> Wertheimer, M. Max Wertheimer uye Gestalt Theory. New York: Routledge; 2017.