Zvakakosha uye Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvokufunga nezvazvo
Chirwere chepfungwa yevana ndechimwe chemazana akawanda emagariro evanhu uye imwe yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzinodzidza. Iri rimwe davi rinotarisa mupfungwa uye mufambiro wevana kubvira pakuberekwa kwepabonde kusvika pakuyaruka. Kuongorora kwepfungwa dzevana hakuiti chete nekuti vana vanowedzera sei mumuviri, asi nemafungiro avo, manzwiro, uye hupfumi hwevanhu pamwe chete.
Nhoroondo, vana vaiwanzoonekwa sevaduku vaduku vevanhu vakuru. Apo Jean Piaget akaratidza kuti vana chaizvoizvo vanofunga zvakasiyana pane vakwegura, Albert Einstein akadudzira kuti kuwanikwa kwaiva "kwakajeka zvokuti kungova kungwara kwaigona kungofunga nezvazvo."
Nhasi, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoziva kuti mwana wepfungwa dzepfungwa dzakasiyana uye dzakaoma, asi dzakawanda dzakasiyana maererano nemafungiro akasiyana-siyana atinoita kana vachienda mberi. Nyanzvi dzinopesanawo mumhinduro dzavo kune mamwe emibvunzo yakakura mumagariro evana , zvakadai sokuti zviitiko zvepakutanga zvinorema kupfuura kupfuura gare gare kana kuti zvisikwa kana kukura zvine basa guru mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekusimudzirwa.
Nokuti hutano hunoita basa rakakosha zvakadaro mumakore ose ehupenyu, hazvishamisi kuti sei nyaya iyi yave yakakosha mune zvepfungwa, zvemagariro evanhu, uye dzidzo. Nyanzvi dzinongotarisa chete pane zvakawanda zvinoita kuti zvive nehutano hwekuvandudza vana, asiwo kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko epfungwa munguva yehuduku.
Kuzviremekedza, chikoro, kuberekera vana, kushamwaridzana kwevanhu, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvose zvinofadza zvikuru vana vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoedza kubatsira vana kukura uye kukura nenzira dzakanaka uye dzakakodzera.
Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kweHana Psychology
Paunofunga nezvekukura , chii chinouya mupfungwa? Kana iwe wakafanana nevanhu vazhinji, zvichida unofunga nezvenyaya dzomukati dzinokonzera kuti mwana anokura sei, zvakadai semasikirwo uye maitiro ake.
Zvisinei, kukurudzira kunosanganisira zvakawanda kupfuura zvinokonzera zvinobva mukati memunhu. Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakadai sehukama hwemagariro evanhu uye tsika yatiri kurarama inobatawo mabasa anokosha.
Zvimwe zvemashoko makuru atinofanira kufunga nezvazvo pakutsvakurudza kwedu kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinosanganisira:
The Social Context
Ukama nevezera uye vanhu vakuru vane simba pamabatiro anoita vana, kudzidza uye kukura. Mhuri, zvikoro uye mapoka ezveshamwari vose vanoita chikamu chinokosha chehupenyu hwevanhu.
Idzidziso Mhemberero
Chimiro mwana mwana anorarama mukupa mitezo yehutsika, tsika, kugoverana mafungiro uye nzira dzekurarama dzinobatsira kukurudzira mukati mehupenyu hwose. Tsika inogona kuita kuti vana vabatane sei nevabereki vavo, rudzi rwedzo dzipi zvavanowana uye rudzi rwekuchengetwa kwevana runopiwa.
The Socioeconomic Context
Ruzhinji rwevanhu vanogonawo kuita basa guru mukusimudzirwa kwevana. Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika (kazhinji inopfupiswa seSES), inobva pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira kuti vanhu vane dzidzo yakawanda sei, mari yakawanda sei, basa ravanobata uye kwavanogara. Vana vakakurira mumhuri dzine hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu vanowanzova nemikana yakawanda yekuwana mikana, asi avo vanobva kune dzimba vane hupfumi hwemamiriro ehupfumi hwevanhu vanogona kunge vasingakwanisi kuwana zvinhu zvakadai sekurapa, utano hwakanaka, uye dzidzo.
Zvinhu zvakadaro zvinogona kuva nechinokonzera kukura kwepfungwa dzevana.
Yeuka, zvose zvitatu zvezviitiko izvi zvinogara zvichibatana. Kunyange zvazvo mwana angave nemikana shomanana nekuda kwehukama hwehutano hwehupfumi, kuwedzera hukama hwehukama uye hukama hwakasimba hukama hunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa kusaenzana uku.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvokufunga nezvazvo Nezvemwana Psychology
Kuona kwepfungwa dzevana kunobatanidza nyaya dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pamararamiro anokonzera maitiro kune zvinetso zvevanhu munzanga. Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvemashoko makuru anokosha pakudzidza kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzevana:
- Genetics
- Maitiro ezvakatipoteredza
- Prenatal Development
- Social Growth
- Personality Development
- Mutauro
- Gender Roles
- Kuchenjerera Kunzwisisa
- Kuvandudza Zvepabonde
Vanachiremba vezvepfungwa dzevana vanogona kunyanya kubatsira vana kuti vatarisane nezvinetso zvekusimudzira, kana kuti vangatora nzira yakawanda. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vashandi ava vanoedza kubatsira vana kukurira zvinetso zvingakurira munzira dzinotungamirira kuhutano hwakanaka. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzepfungwa, semuenzaniso, dzinogona kutarisa kuti zvirongwa zvekuchengetwa kwevana uye maitiro zvinotungamirira kune zvakanakisisa zvepfungwa kana kuti vangashanda nevana kuti vavabatsire kukura pfungwa dzekukura.
Mifungo Yokupedzisira
Kunzwisisa chinokonzera vana kukanganisa ibasa guru, saka kuongorora kwepfungwa dzepfungwa yevana zvose zvakadzika uye zvakadzika. Chinangwa chikuru chebasa iri ndechekudzidza maitiro akawanda anobatanidza nekubatana kuti vabatsire kuita vana vavo uye kuti vashandise ruzivo urwu kuvandudza kuberekera vana, dzidzo, kuchengetwa kwevana, psychotherapy , uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinobatsira kubatsira vana. Nokuva nekunyatsonzwisisa kuti vana vanokura sei, vanofunga uye vanozvibata, vabereki nevashandi vanobata nevana vanogona kunge vakagadzirira kubatsira vana vari munharaunda yavo.