Kunyatsotarisa Pfungwa yePiyology yehupenyu hwevanhu
Ihwo unhu hwedu hunoita kuti isu tive ani, asi kunyanya kwedu hunoita sei? Unhu huri kukura hwave huri musoro wekufarira kune vamwe vanozivikanwa zvikuru mukufunga kwepfungwa. Kubvira pakuvamba kwepfungwa yepamusoro se sainzi yakasiyana, vatsvakurudzi vakagadzirira pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vatsanangure kuti sei uye sei nei vanhu vachikura.
Tinorevei patinotaura nezvekuvandudzwa kweunhu? Unhu huri kukura hunoreva maitiro ehutano hwehutano hunoita unhu hunhu hwemunhu wese hunobuda panguva. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita kuti zvive nehupenyu hwehupenyu, kusanganisira genetics, nzvimbo, kubereka, uye kushanduka kwevanhu. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha, ndiko kushamwaridzana kunoramba kuripo kwezvinhu izvi zvose zvinopikisa zvinoramba zvichiumba unhu nekufamba kwenguva.
Kucherechedza Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Zvinyorwa zveMunhu Kuumba
Unhu hwedu hunoita kuti tive vakasiyana, asi unhu hunokura sei? Tinova sei chaizvoizvo isu tiri isu nhasi? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoita basa rinokosha pakuumbwa kweunhu? Unhu hunogona kuchinja here?
Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, vazhinji vanoremekedzwa vedorori vakatanga dzidziso yekutsanangura matanho akasiyana-siyana uye zvikamu zvinowanikwa mumugwagwa unhu hwekuvandudza unhu. Idzidziso dzinotevera dzinotarisa pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwekuvandudza, kusanganisira kugadzirisa pfungwa, hutano, uye mutsika.
Matanho a Freud ekufambisa kwepfungwa
Mukuwedzera kuva mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa mupfungwa munharaunda yekuvandudzwa kweunhu, Sigmund Freud inoramba iri imwe yenharo huru. Muchikamu chake chinonyatsozivikanwa chidzidzo chekufunga kwepfungwa , "Freud" akaratidza kuti humwe hunoitika mumatanho akabatanidzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Kusakwanisa kupedzisa zvikamu izvi, akati, zvinotungamirira kumatambudziko evanhu mukura.
Freud's Structural Model of Personality
Freud haisi kungotsanangurwa chete pamusoro pekuti hupenyu hwevanhu hwakagadzirwa sei pahutano hwehuduku, asi hwakagadzirisawo ruzivo rwekuti hupenyu hwevanhu hwakagadziriswa sei. Maererano naFeudud, simba guru rekufambisa unhu uye mufambiro inozivikanwa se libido . Izvi zvinokonzera simba izvo zvinokonzera zvitatu izvo zvinoumba unhu: id, ego uye superego .
Ivo ndiyo inhu hunhu huripo pakuberekwa. Ndicho chikamu chikuru cheunhu uye chinotungamirira vanhu kuzadzisa zvido zvavo zvinokosha uye zvinokurudzira. Ego ndiyo inhu hweunhu hunopomerwa nekudzora zvinokurudzira zve id uye kumanikidza kuti zviite nenzira dzechokwadi. I-superego ndiyo yekupedzisira yehuhu hunokura uye ine zvese zvinangwa, tsika netsika dzakakonzerwa nevabereki vedu netsika. Iyi chikamu cheunhu huri kuedza kuita kuti hupenyu huve hunoenderana nemaonero aya. Ego inofanira kunge ichienzanisa pakati pezvinotarisirwa zvinotarisirwa zve id, maonero ezvakanaka zveuperego uye chokwadi.
Pfungwa yaFrud ye id , ego uye superego yakawana mukurumbira mune tsika yakakurumbira, pasinei nekushaya rubatsiro uye kunyanyisa kukuru kubva kune vatsvakurudzi vakawanda.
Maererano naFeudud, ndeyezvinhu zvitatu zveunhu hunoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvive nehutano hwevanhu.
Matanho eErikson ekuvandudzika kwepfungwa
Erik Erikson nhanho yemasere masere ekutsvaga kwevanhu ndeimwe yezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa mune zvepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso iyi inowedzera pazvikamu zveFurud zvekukurudzira kwepfungwa, Erikson akasarudza kuisa pfungwa pahukama hwehukama hwehukama hunoita kuti munhu akure kubudirira. Nedzidziso iyi inosanganisirawo vana vaduku kutarisa kubudirira mukati mehupenyu hwose.
Pane chimwe chikamu chekusimudzirwa kwepfungwa, vanhu vanotarisana nedambudziko umo basa rinofanira kunge rakanyatsogadziriswa.
Vaya vanobudirira kupedzisa sarudzo imwe neimwe vanobva vaine pfungwa yekuziva uye hukama hwakanaka. Avo vasina kugadzirisa dambudziko iri pachikamu chimwe nechimwe vanogona kurwisana neunyanzvi ihwohwo kune vakasara vehupenyu hwavo.
Matanho aPiaget ekugutsikana kwepfungwa
Dzidziso yaJean Piaget yekugutsikana kwepfungwa inoramba ichinyanya kutaurwa mune zvepfungwa, pasinei nekushorwa kukuru. Nepo huzhinji hutsika dzake dzisina kumira nguva, pfungwa inokosha inoramba yakakosha nhasi: vana vanofunga zvakasiyana nevakuru.
Maererano naPiaget, vana vanofambira mberi kwezvikamu zvina zvezvikamu zvinoratidzwa nekushandurwa kwakasiyana nemafungiro avo. Vana vanofunga sei pamusoro pavo, vamwe, uye nyika yakavapoteredza inobata basa rinokosha pakuumbwa kweunhu.
Matanho aKohlberg ekuvandudza tsika
Lawrence Kohlberg akatanga nheyo yehutukuro hwehupenyu hwakatarira mukukura kwepfungwa . Kuvaka pamatanho maviri ematatu akataurwa naPiaget, Kohlberg akawedzera ruzivo rwekuisa zvikamu zvitanhatu zvakasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso iyi yakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira iyo inogona kuti haina kugadzirisa vakomana nevarume vakasiyana zvakasiyana, tsika dzeKoberg dzinoramba dzichikosha mukuziva kwatinoita kuti hupenyu huri sei.
Shoko Rinobva
Unhu hunosanganisa kwete maitiro akaberekwa, asiwo mafungiro uye maitiro anoita kuti vanhu vafunge uye vateerere. Nzvimbo inokosha chikamu cheunhu hunotsanangurwa netsika dzakagara nhaka. Ndiyo humwe unhu hunova nehana uye hune hupenyu hunogara huripo. Unhu humwe humwe unhu hwehupenyu hunokonzerwa nechiitiko icho chinoramba chichikura nekuchinja muupenyu hwose. Kunyange zvazvo hupenyu huri kuramba huchienda mberi nekufamba kwenguva uye huchapindura kune zvinovhiringidza uye zviitiko zvehupenyu, huzhinji hwehutano hunotsanangurwa netsika dzakaberekerwa uye hupenyu hwehuduku.