Zvinokonzerwa neChitrogen muCigarettes
Tarimi yebhegi ndiyo izwi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera chekisi inokonzerwa nemishonga yakasara nekutsva fodya. Izvi zvinoumba maruva akaoma kana mashizha. Izvo hazvisi zvakafanana nekar inoshandiswa pamigwagwa.
Fodya inonyatsozivikanwa nezvengozi nhatu huru: nicotine, tar, uye carbon monoxide. Nicotine ndiyo ikemikari inokonzera kukanganisa asi iyo ndiyo iyo inokonzera ngozi dzakawanda dzehutano, kusanganisira mhando dzakawanda dzekenza.
Migumisiro Inokuvadza
Maererano neNational Cancer Institute, utsi hwefodya hune makemikari anopfuura 7 000. Ruzhinji runowanikwa mu tar inogadzirwa nekusvuta fodya. Mazana maviri makumi mashanu emamwe makemikari-kusanganisira carbon monoxide, ammonia, uye hydrogen cyanide-inozivikanwa kuti inokuvadza kune vanhu vanoputa uye vanhu vanoratidzira utsi hwechipiri. Pakati pavo, 69 vanozivikanwa kuti vanokonzera kenza.
Iyo tar muutsi hwefodya inowedzera mukati memapapu sezvainonyorwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, mapapu ane hutano anogwinya anopinda grey uye pakupedzisira anotema sezvo mamwe tar anowanda.
Icho chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti tar inopera simba uye inogona kuuraya cilia mumapapu. Cilia michinzana, mvere-yakafanana nemapurojekiti anokonzera trachea. Vanobatsira kubata zvinosvibisa, asi kana vakaremara, tsvina mu tar inogona kufamba yakadzika kumapapu. Mamwe ematokisi aya anosunungurwa paunenge uchitsemuka kana kuti wakakoromorwa kunze, asi vamwe vanogara uye vanogara mumapapu, uko vanogona kukuvadza.
Iyo tar haisi kungoita mapapu ako, zvakadaro. Kubva ipapo, iyo inopisa inogona kutakurwa muropa uye inotanga kufamba kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri wako. Zvinogona kukanganisa nhengo dzose mumuviri wako uye kupfuura kenza, zvinogona kutungamirira kumwoyo wechirwere, chirwere cheshuga, uye kunyange kukanganisa kubereka.
Chiratidzo chinonyanya kuoneka chefodya chikafu chine tsvuku-tsvuku paminwe inoputa nemeno.
Nokuti utsi hunotorwa zvakananga kuburikidza nemuromo, tar inogona kuita kuti zvirwere zvegum uye kenza yemuromo zvakare.
'Chiedza' Cigaretti Haisi Utano
Zvidzitiro zve cigaretta zvakatanga kuwedzerwa muma1950 apo zvakaziviswa kuti tar iri mufodya yakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekenza yemapapu. Chirevo chacho chaiva chekutsvaira musungo kunokonzera zvinokuvadza tar uye nicotine zvigadziriswa, asi zvakasikwa hazvina kumboshanda uye zvakatarisira. Mishonga yakawanda yakaramba ichishandisa iyo uye ichipinda mumapapu euputa, ichiisa pachena kune ngozi dzehutano hwehutachiona .
Mazuva ano, "chiedza," "pasi," uye "runyoro" zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro pemakiti emidzanga hazvibvumirwi zvakare muUnited States. Ngarave ine nheyo yakaderera ye tar inonzi "fodya yakaderera". Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti vanosvuta vasafunga zvisiri izvo kuti zvigadzirwa zvemidzanga izvi zvine utano hwakanyanya kudarika fodya yenguva dzose.
Iyo inoshandiswa mumidhairi yakaderera yakagadzika inewo mamwe mabheji emhepo kupfuura zvinowanzoita mafirita. Izvi hazviita sezvo kuita zvakanaka zvakawanda nokuti vazhinji vanoputa vanonyatsovavhara pavanenge vaine fodya.
Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti nengozi yemukenza wemapapu muvanopisa inenge yakangofanana zvisinei pasinei nokuti fodya yenguva dzose kana yakaderera inoputa.
Kazhinji, vanhu vanoputa vacharamba vachiwedzera zvakanyanya uye vanosvuta fodya yakaderera-pfuma yakawanda kuti vawane mukana wakafanana weikicini inowanikwa mumidzanga yenguva dzose.
Uyezve, vanoputa zvino vari kutarisana nemukana mukuru wekenza yemapapu kupfuura vanhu vasina kumbobvira vachema kana kuti vanosvuta vakasiya, pasinei neve tar mu cigareti yavo.
Thirdhand Smoke
Mumakore ose aya, pane zvakawanda zvekutaura pamusoro peutsi hwechipiri. Kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu nevane tsvina kwakaratidzwa kutungamirira kune zvirwere zvakawanda uye kunyange chikonzero chekurova kune vamwe vasiri kusvuta. Izvozvo handizvo chete zvinokuvadza, zvakadaro.
Masayendisiti akacherechedza njodzi dzakawanda dzinosanganiswa nemisara yeirivha inogara munzvimbo dzakapfigwa umo fodya, cigai, mabomba, uye kuputira fodya zvakasvuta.
Iyi utano hwehutano hunoti utsi hwechitatu.
Tarimi yebhegi uye utsi hwechitatu hune zvizhinji zvemakemikari akafanana. Iko zvino inonzwisisika kuti mavara, tsvina yakawanda yakasiiwa kumashure kubva kusvuta inotorwa kuburikidza nemafuta e cigaretti inogarawo pamusoro uye inoramba ichiiswa. Mukuwedzera kune zvinyorwa zvinogadzira fodya, utsi hwechitatu hunosanganisira makemikari ane mhepo yakasara mumhepo kwenguva yakati mushure mekunge fodya yave isvuta.
Chechitatu inotsva inotyisa kune wese anouya achionana nayo. Inonyanya kukuvadza vana vaduku vanogona kubata zvisikwa zvakasvibiswa ndokuisa minwe mumiromo yavo.
Nheyo dzinokosha
- Tar iripo mune chero ipi zvayo yefodya inopiswa. Nhamba ye tar inowedzera sezvo chinhu chacho chiri kupiswa. Munhu wekupedzisira anonyadzisa fodya anokwanisa kunge ane zvakapetwa kaviri yekoti seyokutanga.
- Tar in utsi yefodya inokonzera cilia mumapapu uye inobatsira zvirwere zvemapapu zvakadai se emphysema, chronic bronchitis, uye kenza yemapapu.
- Kusungirirwa kwe tar mu cigareti kunogadza kukosha kwayo. Nheyo-tarara (nguva dzose kana yakazara-yakasviba) yaiva nemamirigiramu 15 (mg) kana zvimwe zveti. Siri-tar (chiedza) cigaretta chaiva nemadhora matanhatu kusvika ku15 mg, uye fodya yakadzika (yakawedzera-chiedza kana yakareba) yakagadzirwa 1 kusvika ku 6 mg ye tar.
- Ivhareji yakawanda ye tar mumidzanga yakaderedzwa kubva pa 38 mg (uye 2.7 mg nicotine) muna 1954 kusvika 12 mg ye tar uye 0,95 mg yeicotine. Inoramba iripo iyeyo nhasi.
Shoko Rinobva
Ikoji yenguruve inouraya uye inouraya uye inowanikwa kupi uko kune fodya yeutsi. Nzira yakanakisisa yekubvisa dambudziko iri kubva muupenyu hwako uye avo vaunoda ndeyekudzivisa nzvimbo dzomukati (kusanganisira motokari) uko kune fodya inopfungirwa.
Kana iwe uri kusvuta iwe pachako, funga kubvisa. Kana wagadzirira, kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinowanikwa kukubatsira iwe parwendo.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Nzvimbo Dzakaderera Zvibereko. 2017.
> Matt GE, et al. Apo Vasvuta Vanorega: Kujekesa KuNicotine neCarcinogens Vanoramba Vachibva kuTatu Mosi Svina. Kutya Fodya. 2016; 26 (5): 548-556. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053119.
> National Cancer Institute. Fodya Tar. 2018.
> National Cancer Institute. Harms yeCigarette Kusvuta uye Health Health Benefits yekurega. 2017.
> Dhipatimendi reUnited Health yeHurumende neHuman Services. Hupenyu Migumisiro Yekusvuta-Makore 50 Okufambira Mberi: Nhoroondo Yechiremba Mukuru. 2014.