Toluene inongova imwe yemakemikari akawanda anonyadzisa anozivikanwa kuti aripo mune utsi hwefodya. Vakasvuta (uye vasina kusvuta vanopfufuta utsi hwechipiri) vanoratidzirwa kuti vasvike pamari yakawanda pamusoro pevanhu vasingasviki neutsi hwefodya.
Ngatitarise kuti chii chinonzi chidimbu uye matambudziko anopa hutano hwedu.
Chii Chinonzi Toluene uye Inowanikwapi?
Toluene inowanzoitika mumasikirwo, uko inogona kuwanikwa mumucheka weTolu Balsam muti weSouth America.
Yakatanga kuwanikwa nePolish chemistist, Filip Walter muna 1837. Inowanzoitikawo mumafuta asina kuchena.
Izvo zvizhinji zvehuturo hwemazuva ano, zvisinei, zvinokohwa se-chibereko chekugadzira petoro, pamwe chete nedzimwe motokari dzinogadzirwa kubva mumafuta asina mafuta. Dzimwe nguva inowedzerwa zvakare mupetori kunatsiridza octane kuverengwa. Izvo zvakare chikafu-chibereko chekuita petroleum coke kubva kumalahle.
Toluene inonyanya kushandiswa se solvent. Iko mvura yakajeka nehupamhi hunhu hunoonekwa nyore nyore mudiki. Inomuka nokukurumidza. Toluene iri muzvinhu zvizhinji izvo vazhinji vedu vanoshandisa kana kuti tinosangana nenguva nenguva. Nail-polish uye remover, mashizha, pende uye pende yakaonda, maginesi, inks uye tsvina dzinobvisa zvose zvine tluene.
Panzvimbo yemabhizimisi, maruwulu anoshandiswa kuita rubber, tan chikwata, uye anoshandiswa mukudhinda. Inoshandiswa pakugadzira mishonga yakawanda, yakadai seBenene , benzoic acid, benzoyl chloride uye toluene disocyanate.
Iyo yakagadzirwa nylon, plastiki, polyurethane uye kunyange zvipuka (TNT) zvose zvinoshandisa toluene mukugadzira. Toluene inowanikwawo mumotokari kuneta uye kusvuta fodya.
Kunyange zvazvo zvichikwanisika kuonana neukwenyene kubva mumvura kana ivhu apo ingangodaro yakazara mukati mekupoteredza, vanhu vakawanda vanoratidzwa nayo nekufema mweya ine tluene.
Kwakawanda Sei Toluene Iri Mumucheka Wechirire?
Toluene chikamu chikuru cheutsi hwefodya, asi mari yacho inogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya, zvichienderana nekugadzira fodya uye kuti inopfungirwa sei.
Mhepo yakasvibira (iyo utsi inoputirwa nemunhu anosvuta) ine zvinyorwa zvishoma zvishoma kune utsi husingadi (utsi hunenge huchibva pamucheto we cigarette yakagadzirwa). Mhepo yakasvibirira inobva kune cigareti isina kuvhara inogona kuva nemakiromita 100 emagetsi ekutura, asi utsi husati huripo hunowanzoyera mu 1000 micro-gram mararamiro emutambo uyu.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Munhu Achiratidzwa kuToluene?
Kana imwe nguva yakanyungudutswa, inenge 20 kusvika ku40 muzana yehutukodhi ichadzingwa kunze kwemuviri, asi vamwe vose vanoenda kuropa kubva mumapapu. Yakawanda inobva yobva mumuviri mukati mezuva, kazhinji iri muchimiro cheva hippuric acid, chemakemikari asingasviki anowedzera mumuguta.
Kana munhu akabatana nehutachiona kuburikidza nekuhubata, inogona kupinda kuburikidza neganda uye kupinda muropa. Saizvozvowo, kana inwa, inodene inopindirwa mumuviri kuburikidza nechitima cheGI uye zvichienda kune ropa.
Kana munhu aine ruzivo rwezuva nezuva, zvishoma zvinogona kuunganidzwa mumafuta ane mavara.
Intentional Toluene Inhalation Inotyisa
Vamwe vanhu vanofuta zvinhu zvakadai seglue rine tluene inokwira kumusoro.
Basa iri rinozivikanwa pakati pevechiri kuyaruka zvikuru, nekuda kwekuwanika uye mari yezvinhu zvinokonzerwa, magetsi, uye aerosol sprays. Kana iri mumvura yakasviba, iyo inogadziriswa inowanzobudiswa muhomwe yepurasitiki uyo munhu wacho anozviisa kumeso avo, achizununguka zvikuru. Mukuwedzera kune hutano hwehutano hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, panewo njodzi yokugumburwa kubva pakufema muhomwe yeplastiki. Zvinyorwa uye glues zvinowanzobatanidzwa zvakananga.
Inhalation ye-toluene inobereka mafungiro euphoric anogona kuita kuti vashandi vaone sevasingawanikwi. Migumisiro yakafanana nekudhakwa kunwa doro, nekugadzirisa kubva kune kutadza kutadza kururamisa, kusava nehanya, nekurasika kwekubatana.
Toluene inofungidzirwa kuti inopesana neuropi uye nervous system function. Kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kwenguva pfupi kunogona kukonzera misoro, chizivo, uye kukwanisa kufunga zvakajeka.
Kushandiswa kwemazuva akawanda kwenguva yakareba inokonzerwa nehutukoni kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakura kunogona kuva kusingaperi. Chiratidzo nekurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kurasikirwa nekuyeuka, uye kuderera kwepfungwa zvinogona kuitika, sekufanana nehvo uye kuora kwechiropa.
Kuwedzerwa kwemashure emvura kunogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika uye kuburitsa, kurara uye kushaya simba kwemitsipa. Mamiriro ekunyengera, kusaziva, uye kunyange rufu zvinokwanisika nekuda kwekuti kufungidzirwa kwehutachiona kunobata sei kupumha kwehurongwa uye kushaya mwoyo.
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti huwandu hwakanyanya hwekutsvaga kuhutura (yakadai huchagamuchirwa nehutachiona hwezuva nezuva) nevadzimai vane pamuviri kunogona kutungamirira pakuderedza pfungwa dzekuita nekukura mumwana waanenge akatakura.
Inonzi Toluene Inoita Kanzera Here?
Kusvika panguva ino, hapana humwe uchapupu hwehukama hwakananga pakati pe toluene nekenza. Sangano reInternational Agency for Research on Cancer haritauri iro senhengo inokonzera kenza kuvanhu. IUnited States Environmental Protection Agency yakataura kuti hapana ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pehutachiona hunoita sarudzo pamusana pekukwanisa kwayo kuva kenzajeni panguva ino.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwehutu hwehutsi hwehutakiti hwakanyanya kudarika zvaunogona kugamuchira kana iwe uchida kuvhiringidza zvinokonzera, iyo inokuvadza tsvina iyo haisi yakanaka kumunhu wemunhu chero upi zvake.
Zvakaoma kutaura kuti zvinokonzera kuora musoro uye nguva dzakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuwanzana nekusvuta, asi zvinokwanisika kuti kubvisa kwechirwere chinhu chikuru chinokonzerwa nemanzwiro anorwadza dzimwe nguva anotevera kusvuta fodya.
Utsi hwebhegi hwakazadzwa chaizvo nezviuru zvemakemikari akabatanidzwa, mazhinji ayo ane chepfu, anokonzera kenza, kana maviri. Kutsvakurudza kunoenderera mberi kuzarura utsva hutsva uye njodzi dzinosangana nekusvuta fodya sezvinofamba nguva.
Chinhu chakanakisisa chaunogona kuita kuti usazvidzivirira kune ngozi iyo utsi hwefodya huripo ndeyokusawanzogara nzvimbo umo vanhu vari kusvuta, kunyanya kana iri mumamiriro ezvinhu epamba mukati umo makemikari akabatwa. Mhepo, uye kunyange inowanikwa munzvimbo idzi inotyisa kune utano hwako .
Kana iwe uchiri kusvuta, shandisa mashoko aya kuti akubatsire kuvaka chigadziro chekumira , kamwe chete. Hongu, inotora rimwe basa , asi yeuka kuti uri kubuda kubva pakudhakwa , uye kamwe chete kuburikidza naro, hupenyu huchavandudza zvinoshamisa.
Vamwe vakasiya, uye iwe unogonawo.
Sources:
Sangano reMishonga Inotyisa uye Registry Registry. Public Health Statement yeToluene. Yakavandudzwa uye Yakadzokororwa musi waJanuary 21, 2015.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Ndezvipi Migumisiro Yenguva Pfupi uye Yenguva refu Yekusashandiswa Kwekushandisa? . Yakavandudzwa July, 2012.
World Health Organization. Toluene .