Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza dissociative identity disorder uye schizophrenia
Kune pfungwa yakareba-yakamira yevanhu vane schizophrenia , iyo iyo iyo inoshandura kubva pamunhu kusvika kumunhu, mumwe nomumwe ane zita rake, pfungwa, uye manzwi. Izvozvo kufunga ndezvekutenda.
Icho chiitiko chaicho chaicho chinonzi dissociative disorder chinonzi dissociative identity disorder , yaimbova inonzi multiple personality disorder. Schizophrenia uye dissociative disorders zvinowanzovhiringidzika, asi mamiriro-ayo ose ari akaoma-akasiyana chaizvo.
Zviratidzo zveSchizophrenia
Schizophrenia ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yezvirwere zviviri zvepfungwa; zvisinei, zvakanyanya kusanzwisiswa.
Kuti uwane zvinotarisirwa kuti schizophrenia, mumwe munhu anofanira kuva nezviviri kana kupfuura zvezviratidzo zvinotevera (uye chimwe chezviratidzo chinofanira kuva chimwe chezvinhu zvitatu zvokutanga pane urongwa):
- Kushungurudzika - Dambudziko rinosanganisira zvitendero zvenhema. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu angatenda vatorwa vari kutaura naye kuburikidza nedzimwe chirongwa cheredhiyo kana kuti mumwe munhu ari kumutsvaga kunyange zvazvo pasina uchapupu hwakadaro.
- Hluccinations - Mumwe munhu angaona zvinhu izvo vamwe vasingaoni, vanzwa zvinhu izvo hakuna mumwe munhu anonzwa, kana kunhuwa zvinhu izvo hakuna mumwe munhu anonzwa.
- Hurukuro isina kukodzera - Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekushandisa mazwi akaitwa-kana mazwi akangova nemanzwiro kune mumwe munhu, achidzokorora mazwi mamwechete kana mazwi, achishandisa mazwi asina zvaanobatsira kuita mazwi pamwe chete, kana kusvetuka kubva munyaya kuenda kune nyaya asi asingagoni kubata mutauro .
- Kunyanya kusagadziriswa kana tsika ye catatoni - Vanhu vanogona kuratidza unhu hunoshamisa hunovhiringidza kukwanisa kwavo kushanda. Vanhu vane catatonic maitiro vanoita sevasingadi kuteerera kunyange zvazvo vakamuka.
- Zviratidzo zvisina kunaka - Vanhu vane schizophrenia havaratidzi zvimwe zvinhu izvo vanhu vane utano vanoita. Semuenzaniso, munhu ane schizophrenia haagoni kushamwaridzana nevamwe kana munhu wacho angave asina kuratidza manzwiro emanzwiro kune mamwe mashoko akanaka kana nhau dzakaipa.
Vamwe vanhu vane schizophrenia vanoratidzika zvisina kunaka, zvakadai sokuseka kunyange kana pasina chinhu chinonakidza chinoitika. Vanhu vazhinji vanoona nyaya dzehope, kusanganisira kunetseka kwekurara, sezvakaita kurara masikati uye kuramba wakamuka usiku hwose. Kusava nehanya kwezvokudya kunogonawo kuguma.
Vanhu vazhinji vane schizophrenia vane kukanganisa kwemagariro, zvakadai sezvinetso zvekuyeuka uye kunonoka kushanda nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushanda kana kupedza mabasa ezuva nezuva.
Vanhu vane schizophrenia vangave vasina ruzivo muhosha yavo. Vanhu vasina kufunga kuti vane dambudziko havakwanisi kubvumirana nemishonga yavo. Izvozvo zvinogona kureva kukwirazve kwemaitiro, kuwedzerwa kusingabvumirwi kuendeswa kune zvipatara zvepfungwa, uye hurombo hwehupfumi hwepfungwa.
Vamwe vanhu vane schizophrenia vanokwanisa kurarama vachizvimiririra uye kuchengetedza mabasa nerubatsiro rwekurapa. Vamwe vanoda kubatsirana zvakanyanya uye vanogona kunetseka kuti vararame pachavo nekuda kwematambudziko avanozvitarisira ivo pachavo.
Mamiriro eDissociative Disorders
Iko kune mitatu mikuru miviri ye dissociative disorders mu DSM-5: depersonalization disorder, dissociative amnesia, uye dissociative identity disorder.
Zvose zvitatu zvinoratidzirwa nekuvhiringidzika kwekuziva, chiyeuchidzo, chimiro, manzwiro, maonero, motokari, maitiro, uye muviri mumiririro. Heino misiyano pakati pematambudziko matatu:
- Kushungurudzika kwehutachiona - Vanhu vane chirwere chekunyadzisa vanonzwa vakasunungurwa kubva pane zvavanoita kana manzwiro avo, sezvavari kutarisa firimu. Vanogonawo kutora zvisiri izvo, izvo zvinonzwa sevamwe vanhu uye zvinhu hazvisi zvechokwadi. Munhu angangodaro anongoratidzirwa pasi, kungofanana chete, kana zvose.
- Dissociative amnesia - Avo vane dissociative amnesia vane dambudziko rokuyeuka ruzivo pamusoro pavo, kana kusakanganwa kwechiitiko chinoshungurudza kana, kana zvisingawanzoitika, pamusoro pehuzivi hwavo kana kupfuura.
- Dissociative disorder disorder - Munhu ane dissociative disorder disorder achachinja pakati pezvinyorwa zvakawanda, izvo zvingava nemazita avo, manzwi, uye maitiro. Unhu uhwu hunogona kunge hwakaita sevari kuedza kutora simba mumusoro wemunhu. NeDID, munhu achave nekuyeuka zviitiko zvezviitiko zvezuva nezuva, ruzivo rwemunhu, uye kushungurudzika kwavakaona.
Vanhu vane zvinetso zvekuvhiringidza zvinogona kushanda zvakajeka chikamu chenguva. Zvadaro, zviratidzo zvavo zvinogona kuvhiringidza matambudziko kwavari, nokuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushanda, kuchengetedza ukama, kana kuti kuramba uine dzidzo.
Ndiani Anobatwa?
Zvose zviviri schizophrenia uye dissociative disorders hazvishamisi, zvinokanganisa kusvika 1 muzana uye 2 muzana yeAmerica, maererano. Vaya vane schizophrenia-inofungidzirwa kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 21 pasi rose-kazhinji vanotanga kuona zviratidzo mumakore avo ekupedzisira kana makore ekutanga kwevarume uye makumi maviri ekupedzisira kusvika kumakore makumi matatu ekutanga kwevakadzi.
Mumwe munhu anorarama neschizophrenia anowanzosangana nedzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakare, kusanganisira posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD ), kukanganisa-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (OCD) uye kuora mwoyo kwakanyanya, uyewo njodzi yakanyanya yekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Vakadzi vane mikana yakawanda kudarika varume kuti vaongorwe nedambudziko re dissociative, kunyange hafu inenge yevanhu vakuru muAmerica inowanikwa kamwe chete kana kuregeredza chiitiko muupenyu hwavo. Asi 2 muzana chete vane zviitiko zvisingagumi zvinodiwa kuti zviongororwe.
Rudzi rwega rega re dissociative disorder rine zvakasiyana-siyana zvevashandi uye nguva dzose, kunyange zvikamu zvemashoko zvinogona kuitika chero nguva, panguva ipi zvayo, uye yekupedzisira kubva pamaminitsi kusvika kumakore. Ivhareji inotanga nguva yekutengesa pasi ndeyegumi nematanhatu, kunyange inogona kuuya pakutanga.
Vakadzi vane mikana yakawanda kudarika varume kuti vaongorwe kuti vane dissociative disorder disorder, asi bedzi nokuti vanouya zviratidzo zvinonyatsozivikanwa. Varume vanoramba zviratidzo uye kuratidza chisimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva.
Zvinogona Kukonzera
Hapana chikonzero chimwechete chechichichi . Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kunogona kuenzaniswa kwemafuro, semhuri yepfungwa yepfungwa inonyanya kuwedzera njodzi yemunhu yechirwere ichi. Kana mumwe munhu ane chiremba chekutanga chechichi schizophrenia, chakadai somubereki kana mukoma nomunin'ina, mikana yaro inowanikwa inenge 10 muzana.
Schizophrenia yave ichibatanidza kubudiswa nemavirusi kana kusagadzikana mukati mekutanga kwemaawa matatu kana kwechipiri chepamuviri, uyewo kuchinja huropi hwemakemikari dzinosanganisira neurotransmitters dopamine uye glutamate.
Pakupedzisira, kushandisa zvinodhaka kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yechichichiphrenia apo mishonga inoshandiswa mupfungwa inotorwa munguva yevechiri kuyaruka kana makore ekuyaruka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusvuta mbanje, sezvo inowedzera njodzi yezviitiko zvepfungwa.
Dissociative disorders, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinowanzokura mukupindura chiitiko chinotyisa. Izvi zvingave kurwisana nehondo kana kuti kushungurudzwa mumuviri, zviratidzo izvo uropi huri kuedza kuzvidzora. Dambudziko racho rinogona kukura kana munhu achinetseka nekudzvinyirirwa.
Treatment Options
Hapana schizophrenia kana kuti dissociative disorders zvinogona kurapwa, asi dzinogona kutarisirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Mushonga wokurapa schizophrenia unosanganisira antipsychotic mishonga, pamwe chete nehana yepothytherapy uye mabasa ekutsigira munharaunda.
Neine mishonga yakakodzera, kukanganisa nekunyengedza kunogona kuderera. Hospitali inogona kunge yakakosha kuitira kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vose vane schizophrenia pamwe neavo vakavapoteredza.
Vanhu vane schizophrenia vanewo mungozi yakanyanya yekuzviuraya-20 muzana vanoedza kuzviuraya kamwechete, apo 5 kusvika ku6 muzana vanofa nekuzviuraya.
Kuzviuraya kunogona kuvawo nyaya yakakomba kune vanhu vane zvinetso zvekuvhiringidza, zvikurukuru dissociative identity disorder. Zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvevanhu vane rusununguko rwekudzivisa ruzivo rwekuzivikanwa avo vanorapwa muchengeti wekunze vakaedza kuzviuraya. Kuedza kuzviuraya kakawanda kunowanzoonekwa uye kuzvikuvadza kunogona kuitika nguva dzose.
Matambudziko eDissociative anowanzobatwa nehutano hwekutaura. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) , dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) , kushungurudzwa kwemaziso kwemaziso nekuzvidzivirira (EMDR) , uye kurwisa zvinodhaka kana mamwe mishonga.
Shoko Rinobva
Zvose schizophrenia uye dissociative disorders zvakanyanya kusanzwisiswa. Nekurapa kwakakodzera, vanhu vanorarama nechichizophrenia kana dissociative disorder vanogona kutungamirira hupenyu, hune hupenyu hunogutsa.
> Sources:
> Bob P, Mashour G. Schizophrenia, kuparadzaniswa, uye kuziva. Kuziva uye Kuziva . 2011; 20 (4): 1042-1049.
> Kuongorora uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa: DSM-5 . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2014.
> Tanner J, Wyss D, Perron N, Rufer M, Mueller-Pfeiffer C. Frequency uye zviito zvekuzviuraya kuedza kuzvidzora pakudzivisa: Kuongorora kwemwedzi gumi nemaviri muvanorwara zvepfungwa muSwitzerland. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation . 2017; 1 (4): 235-239.