Nzira yekurapa inotarisa pazvinhu zvinokosha sekufunga uye kubvuma.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) rudzi rwekuziva kugadzikana kwehutano . Zvinangwa zvaro zvakakosha ndekudzidzisa vanhu nzira yekurarama munguva ino, kurarama zvakanaka nemhepo, kushandura manzwiro, nekuvandudza ukama nevamwe.
Chii Chinonzi Dialectical Behavior Therapy Yakashandiswa?
Iko pakutanga yaive yakagadzirirwa vanhu vane borderline person disorder , asi kubvira iko yakashandurwa kune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu apo murwere anoratidza maitiro ekuparadza , zvakadai sekudya kwekudya nekushandisa zvinodhaka .
Iyo dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kugadzirisa mushure mekutambudzika kwepfungwa dambudziko.
Nhoroondo yeDialectical Behavior Therapy
DBT yakagadzirwa kuma1980 ekupedzisira naDr. Marsha Linehan nevamwe vaaishanda navo pavakaona kuti kugadzirisa mafungiro ehutano chete hahushandi uye zvakatarisira kune varwere vane borderline person disorder. Dr. Linehan neboka rake vakawedzera maitiro uye vakagadzira kurapwa kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvevarwere ava.
DBT inotorwa kubva pane imwe mafirosofi anonzi dialectics. Dialectics inobva pane pfungwa yokuti zvinhu zvose zvinoumbwa nekupesana uye izvo zvinoshanduka zvinoitika apo rimwe rinopesana rine simba kune rimwe, kana mune zvimwe zvidzidzo-tsananguro, antithesis, uye synthesis.
Kunyanya kunyanya, dialectics inoita zvitatu zvinokosha:
- Zvinhu zvose zvakabatana.
- Kuchinja kunoramba kuripo uye hakudziviriki.
- Kushorwa kunogona kusanganiswa kuumba kuswedera pedyo kwechokwadi.
Nokudaro muDBT, murwere uye mushonga ari kushanda kuti agadzirise kuonekwa kunopesana pakati pekuzvibvuma uye kugadzirisa kuitira kuti uwane kuchinja kwakanaka murwere.
Imwe nzira yakapiwa naLinehan neshamwari dzake yaibvumirwa. Linehan neboka rake vakaona kuti nekugadziriswa, pamwe chete nechisimudziro chekuchinja, varwere vaisakwanisa kushandira pamwe uye zvishoma kuti vasatambudzwa pamusana pekuchinja.
Muongorori anosimbisa kuti zviito zvomunhu "zvinonzwisisika" mukati mechirevo chezvakaitika zvake pachake pasina kubvumirana kuti ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa dambudziko racho.
DBT seMhando yeCognitive Behavioral Therapy
DBT ikozvino yakagadzika kuva muitiro wakagadzikana wekufunga kwehutano hwehutano. Apo munhu ari kuitika DBT, vanogona kutarisira kubatanidzwa mumitemo mitatu yekurapa:
- Kirasi umo munhu anodzidziswa unyanzvi hwekuita kuburikidza nekuita basa rekuchikoro uye kutamba mitambo nzira itsva dzekukurukura nevanhu
- Kurapa mumwe nomumwe nemudzidzisi akadzidziswa apo unyanzvi hwekudzidza hunoenderana nemamiriro ehupenyu hwemunhu
- Foni yekudzidzisa iyo munhu anogona kudana mushonga wavo kuti awane mazano pakubata nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma panguva-iyo
Mune DBT, mumwe munhu anodzidza maitiro anosanganawo neboka rinokurukura kuti avabatsire kuramba vachikurudzira mukurapa varwere vavo uye kuvabatsira kufamba nenzira dzakaoma uye dzakaoma.
Zvinyorwa zvina zveDialectical Behavioral Therapy
Vanhu vanopinda DBT vanodzidziswa kuti vanogona kuchinja sei maitiro avo vachishandisa mazano mana makuru:
- Kufungisisa-kuisa pfungwa panezvino ("kurarama munguva").
- Kushungurudzika Kushivirira-kudzidza kudzigamuchira uye mamiriro ezvinhu ikozvino. Kunyanya zvakanyanya, vanhu vanodzidza kuregerera kana kupukunyuka matambudziko achishandisa nzira idzi mana: kudodzwa, kuzvidzora, kugadzirisa kufamba, nekufunga nezvezvakawanda uye zvinotyisa.
- Kubudirira kwevamwe vanhu -kuita sei kuwirirana muhukama (somuenzaniso, kuratidza zvido uye kutaura kuti "kwete") asi uchiri kuchengetedza ukama uhwu hwakanaka uye hwakanaka.
- Kushungurudzika Mutemo-kuziva nekugadzirisa nemanzwiro asina kunaka (somuenzaniso, kutsamwa) uye kuderedza kushungurudzika mupfungwa nekuwedzera maonero akanaka emanzwiro.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana iwe uchidavira kuti iwe kana munhu waunoda angabatsirwa neDBT, tapota tsvaka rubatsiro kubva kuna chiremba kana chiremba wehutano akadzidziswa mune nzira iyi yekurapa.
> Sources:
> Chapman AL. Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Psychiatry (Edgmont) . 2006 Sep; 3 (9): 62-68.
> PsychCentral. Chirongwa cheDialectical Behavioral Therapy.
> The Linehan Institute Behavioral Tech. Chii chinonzi DBT?