Nzira, Zvisikwa, Zvikamu, Zvishandiso, uye Kubudirira
Kugadzirisa manzwiro ehutano (CBT) chirwere chekurapa kwepfungwa inobatsira varwere kunzwisisa mafungiro nemanzwiro anoita maitiro. CBT inowanzoshandiswa kurapa zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira phobias , zvinodhaka, kuora mwoyo, uye kuzvidya mwoyo.
Kuziva maitiro ehutano huri kwenguva pfupi uye hunoisa pakubatsira vatengi kugadzirisa nechinetso chakanyanya.
Munguva yekurapa, vanhu vanodzidza nzira yekuziva uye kugadzirisa zvinoparadza kana kuti zvinokanganisa mafungiro ane simba risina kunaka pamaitiro uye manzwiro.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Basics
Pfungwa iri shure kweBBC ndeyokuti pfungwa dzedu nemanzwiro edu zvinoita basa rinokosha mukuzvibata kwedu. Somuenzaniso, munhu anopedza nguva yakawanda achifunga nezvekuputika kwendiza, njodzi dzomugwagwa nedzimwe njodzi dzemhepo dzinogona kuzviwana dzichidzivisa kufamba kwemhepo.
Chinangwa chekufunga kwehutano hwemaitiro ndechekudzidzisa varwere kuti kunyange zvazvo vasingakwanisi kudzora zvinhu zvose zvenyika yakavapoteredza, vanogona kutora maitiro ekushandura kwavo uye kubata zvinhu zviri mumamiriro avo ezvinhu.
Kuziva maitiro ehutano huri kuwedzera mukurumbira mumakore achangopfuura nevose vane utano hwepfungwa uye vashandi vezvokurapa. Nokuti CBT inowanzotora mushonga kwenguva pfupi, inowanzosvibiswa kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzehutano .
CBT inotsigirwa zvakare uye inoratidzwa kuti inobatsira varwere kukunda zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaaladtive behavior.
Zvimwe Zvisinganzwisisi Mafungiro
Chimwe chinonyanya kukoshesa kugona-maitiro ekurapa ndiko kuchinja mafungiro asina kukanganisa anokwanisa kuwedzera uye kuwedzera dambudziko rekunetseka, kuora mwoyo, nekuzvidya mwoyo.
Aya mafungiro asina kunaka anotangira mberi pakarepo, anogamuchirwa sezvokwadi, uye anowedzera kuipa zvakakonzera manzwiro evanhu.
Kuburikidza nenzira ye CBT, varwere vanoongorora pfungwa idzi uye vanokurudzirwa kutarisa uchapupu kubva kune chokwadi kuti inotsigira kana kuti inopesana pfungwa idzi. Nokuita izvi, vanhu vanogona kutora chinangwa chikuru uye chaizvoizvo kutarisa pfungwa dzinobatsira kumanzwiro ekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo. Nokuva nehanya nemafungiro asina kunaka uye asinganzwisisiki anowedzera kuderedza manzwiro avo nemafungiro avo, vanhu vanogona kutanga kutora mafungiro akanaka.
Mhando dzeCognitive Behavior Therapy
Maererano neBrithani Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapies, "Kuziva uye kugadzirisa mafungiro ezvepfungwa ndeye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa dzinoenderana nemafungiro nemitemo yakabva kune pfungwa dzepfungwa dzemanzwiro evanhu uye maitiro.Anosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa kwekutambudzika kwepfungwa, pamwe chete kupfuurira kubva pakugadzirwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa kuti zvibatsire rubatsiro. "
Kune huwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yekurapa inosanganisira CBT iyo inowanzoshandiswa nevadzidzi vehutano hwepfungwa. Mienzaniso yeiyi inosanganisira:
- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): Rudzi urwu rweB CBT runonyanya kuzivikanwa nekugadzirisa kutenda kusina musoro. Nzira yeRBB inosanganisira kuziva nheyo dzisinganzwisisiki dzekutenda, kushingaira kupikisa idzi zvitendero, uye pakupedzisira kudzidza kuziva uye kuchinja mafungiro aya.
- Cognitive Therapy: Iyi nzira yekurapa inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekushandura zvisina kururama kana kukanganisa mafungiro emagariro, mhinduro dzemanzwiro, uye maitiro.
- Multimodal Therapy: Iyi fomu yeBBCT inoratidza kuti nyaya dzepfungwa dzinofanira kurapwa nokutarisa zvinomwe zvakasiyana asi zvinopindirana, izvo zvinobata, zvinokanganisa, kunzwa, mifananidzo, kukanganisa, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinodhaka / zvehupenyu.
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy : Mhando iyi yekufungisisa-maitiro ehutano inotarisa kufunga mafungiro uye maitiro uye inoshandisa mikana yakadai sekugadzirisa manzwiro uye pfungwa.
Kunyange zvazvo mhando imwe neimwe yekufungisisa-maitiro ehutano inopa maitiro ake akasiyana, imwe nhepfenyuro pakutarisana nepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoita kuti zvive nekunetseka mupfungwa mupfungwa.
Zvinowanikwa neCognitive Behavior Therapy
Vanhu vanowanzova nemafungiro kana manzwiro anosimbisa kana kuti ane maitiro asina kururama. Kutenda kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera maitiro anonetsa zvinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu, kusanganisira mhuri, hukama hwepabonde, basa, uye dzidzo.
Somuenzaniso, munhu anoremekedzwa angave nemafungiro akaipa pamusoro pemano ake kana kuonekwa kwake. Somugumisiro wemafungiro aya asina kunaka, munhu wacho angatanga kutanga kudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu kana kupa mikana yekufambira mberi kubasa kana kuchikoro.
Kuti urwise mafungiro aya anoparadza uye maitiro, unyanzvi hwekuziva-unhu hunotanga nekubatsira mutengi kuti aone zvinetso zvinotambudza. Iyi nhanho, inozivikanwa sekugadzirisa basa, inokosha pakudzidza kuti mafungiro, manzwiro, uye mamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona sei kuunza maradaptive mafungiro. Iyo nzira inogona kuva yakaoma, kunyanya kune varwere vanorwisana nekutaura, asi zvingaguma zvichitungamirira kuzvitsvaga-kuwanikwa uye maonero anokosha chikamu chekuita kurapwa.
Chikamu chechipiri chekufunga kwehutano hwemaitiro chinotarisa pamusoro pemaitiro chaiwo ari kuita kuti pave nedambudziko. Mutengi anotanga kudzidza nekudzidzira unyanzvi hutsva hunogona kuiswa mumashandisirwo emamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Semuenzaniso, munhu anotambura nemishonga inodhaka anogona kutanga kushandisa maitiro matsva ekugadzirisa nekudzokorora nzira dzekudzivisa kana kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu evanhu vanogona kuita kuti vadzoke zvakare.
Muzviitiko zvizhinji, CBT inowanzoita zvishoma nezvishoma iyo inobatsira munhu kutora matanho ekuwedzera kune chinetso chekuchinja . Mumwe munhu anotambura nokufunganya kwevanhu vanogona kutanga nekufungidzira iye pachake mumamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kuzvidya mwoyo.
Zvadaro, mutengi anogona kutanga kutaurirana neshamwari, mhuri, uye vanozivana. Nokufamba kwenguva pfupi kushanda kune chinangwa chakakura, hurongwa hunoita sehwusina kunyanya uye zvinangwa zviri nyore kusvika.
Nzira yekufungisisa maitiro ehutano
- Munguva yekushanda kweBBCT, chiremba anotora kutora basa rakaoma.
- CBT inonyanya kuve nechinangwa-uye inotarisa, uye muteresi uye mushandi vanoshanda pamwe chete sevashandi kune zvinangwa zvakagadziriswa.
- Murapa wacho achawanzo akatsanangura nzira yacho zvakadzama uye muchengeti anowanzopiwa basa rekuchikoro kuti apedze pakati pezvirongwa.
- Kuchengetedza-maitiro ehutachiona hunogona kushandiswa zvakakodzera sekurapa kwenguva pfupi kunobatsira pakubatsira kugadzirisa chinetso chaicho.
Zvishandiso zveCognitive Behavior Therapy
Kuchengetedza kwehutano hwemaitiro yakashandiswa kurapa vanhu vanotambura nematambudziko akawanda, kusanganisira:
- Kufunganya
- Phobias
- Kuora mwoyo
- Zvidhakwa
- Kudya zvinetso
- Kutyisa kunorwisa
- Hasha
CBT ndeimwe yemhando dzakawanda dzinotsvakurudzwa dzemishonga, muchidimbu nokuti kurapwa kunowanikwa kune zvinangwa zvakananga uye zvigumisiro zvinogona kuyerwa zviri nyore nyore.
Kuenzaniswa nemagariro e-psychoanalytic e-psychotherapy anokurudzira kuongorora zvakasununguka pakuzvitsvakurudza, kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekurapa kunowanzofananidzirwa nevatengi vanove vakanyatsogadzikana nehutano hwakarongeka uye hunotarisa umo mutapi anowanzotora basa rekudzidzisa. Zvisinei, kuti CBT ibudirire, munhu wacho anofanira kunge akagadzirira uye achida kushandisa nguva nekuedza kuongorora pfungwa dzake nemanzwiro ake. Kuzviongorora kwakadaro uye basa rechikoro kunogona kuva kwakaoma, asi inzira yakanaka yekudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti maitiro emunyika anokanganisa sei maitiro.
Kuchengetedza kwehutano hwehutano hunofanirwawo nevanhu vanotarisa kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi kusarudzwa kwedzimwe mhando dzekushungurudzika mupfungwa izvo zvisingatauri kusanganisa mishonga inonzi psychotropic . Chimwe chezvakakosha zvikuru zvekunzwisisa-maitiro therapy ndeokuti inobatsira vatengi kukudziridza unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa hunogona kubatsira iye zvino uye munguva yemberi.
Mhedziso yeCognitive Behavior Therapy
Pakutanga, vamwe varwere vanoratidza kuti kunyange vachiziva kuti mamwe maonero haasi mazano kana kuti ane hutano, kungoziva kuziva izvi hakuiti kuti zvive nyore kuchinja. CBT haifaniri kuisa pfungwa pane izvo zvingave zvisingakanganisi kusagadzikana kushanduka zvakanyanya sekumwe nzira dzakadai sepfungwa inonzi psychoanalytic psychotherapy .
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti CBT haisi kungosanganisira kujekesa mafungiro aya; inonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubatsira vatengi kukunda pfungwa idzi. Nzira dzakadaro dzinogona kusanganisira kubudiswa kwemashoko, kutamba mitambo, maitiro ekuzorodza, uye kuvhiringidzwa kwepfungwa.
Shoko Rinobva
Kuziva-kugadzirisa utachiona kunogona kuva sarudzo yakanakisisa yekurapa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzepfungwa. Kana iwe uchinzwa kuti unogona kubatsirwa nemhando iyi yekurapa, taurirana nachiremba wako uye uongorore bhuku rezvenyanzvi dzinozivikanwa zvakapiwa neNational Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists kuti uwane unyanzvi munharaunda yako.
> Sources
> Beck, JS Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics uye kunze. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2011.
> Coull, G & Morris, PG. Kubudirira kwekliniki ye CBT-based inotungamirirwa yekuzvibatsira kubatsira kwekuzvidya mwoyo nekusawirirana kwepfungwa: kugadzirisa kuongorora. Psychological Medicine. 2011; 41 (11): 2239-2252.