Kuziva kusanzwisisika uye kunokonzera kunobatsira kukanganisa
Maererano nekutsvakurudza kubva kuNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), vanhu vanokwana mamiriyoni 5.7 vane hutano hweBipolar muAmerica gore roga roga. Pakati idzi, 82,9% inotyisa inoratidzika seine chirwere chakanyanya. Pakati pevana nevechiri kuyaruka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vazhinji vanenge 750 000 vanogona kukodzera nzira yekuve neBipolar I kana bipolar II disorder.
Gore pagore, iyo nhamba chete inoita seinosimuka. Kubva muna 1994 kusvika muna 2003, nhamba yevakuru vakatarwa neBipolar disorder muUnited States kaviri apo chiitiko pakati pevana nevechiri kuyaruka chakave nekuwedzera makumi mana.
Kunyange zvazvo kuwedzerwa kwacho kuchikonzerwa nekuziva kukuru pakati pevanhu vose uye kurapa mharaunda, havasi ivo voga vanotsanangura kuti sei vazhinji veAmerica vari kuonekwa kuti vari bipolar kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo chero ipi zvayo pasi pano.
Bipolar Disorder muUnited States
Bipolar disorder inozivikanwa nebhasikisi dzisina kujairika dzemafungiro anoenda zvakanyanya kudarika zvakasununguka uye pasi apo munhu anogona kuona muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Icho chinokonzera kukanganisa, chinomiririrwa ne nguva dzepamusoro-soro uye kuora mwoyo , izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kushanda zviome kune vamwe uye zvisingakwanisi kune vamwe.
Somugumisiro, chirwere chinonzi bipolar nhasi chinotarisirwa kwemakore akawanda akarasikirwa nehurema kune mamwe marudzi ekenza kana chero hutano hwehutano hukuru hunosanganisira kuurayiwa neAlzheimer's.
Kusiyana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuora mwoyo kwebipolar kunowanzoitika kare kare muupenyu uye kunogona kupfuurira mberi kwemazuva ehupenyu muhutano hwakasiyana-siyana.
Bipolar disorder inobatanidza nehuwandu hwemabasa ekushaiwa basa uye zvinetso zvakabatana nebasa, kunyange pakati pevanhu vane dzidzo yekoljiji. Kunyange zvazvo huwandu huchisiyana, hwakadavira kuti mukana wekusashaya basa pakati pevanhu vane bipolar disorder inogona kumhanya kubva kune makumi mana kusvika ku60 muzana.
Kuongororwa kwepademiological data kubva muna 1991 kusvika muna 2009 kwakagumisa kuti mari yegore negore yekuchengetedza vanhu vanogara neBipolar disorder muUnited States inopfuura $ 150 mabhiriyoni. Vamwe vanofungidzira nzvimbo iyo isina kukodzera mari (iyo inosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kurasikirwa kwehupfumi, kusashanda, uye kuremara) sezvikamu zvina izvozvi.
Kudzidza Kunoratidza US Iyo Highest Rate yeBipolar Disorder
Nekusimudzirwa kwegore negore kuongororwa, US inoratidzika kubuda kune dzimwe nyika dzose muhuwandu hwevanhu vari kurarama kana vakararama nehosha.
Maererano nekuongorora kwehurumende gumi nematanhatu kwakaitwa neNIMH, United States ine nguva yepamusoro yehupenyu hweBipolar disorder pa4,4 muzana kana ichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwepasi rose hwe2,6 muzana. Uyezve, mapoka eUnited States akakwirira pane zvinomwe zvezvikamu zvisere zvakasiyana siyana zvebipolar. (Brazil yakashuma 10,4 muzana yehuwandu hwekuora mwoyo kukuru pamwe ne8,3 muzana.)
Paaipindura pane zvakawanikwa, vatsvakurudzi veNIMH vakanga vasingakwanisi kubatanidza chero zvikonzero zvipi zvezvinhu zvakasiyana izvi kunze kwekuratidza kuti genetics , tsika, nzvimbo, uye hutano hwehutano hunogona kuita chikamu.
Zvavaikwanisa kuisa pachena ndezvimwe zvikanganiso mune zvekuti zviremera zvehutano zvakatsanangurira sei maitiro nemigumisiro yeBipolar disorders.
Tsanangudzo idzi dziri pamwoyo wekuti tinorwara sei bipolar chirwere. Kusiyana kupi zvako kunogona kukonzerwa nekusaziva zvakanaka kana, sezvakangoita dzimwe nyanzvi dziri kutanga kuratidza, kuwedzera kukura kwehuwandu hwekuongorora.
Kuwedzera kwehutano hweBipolar Disorder muAdults nevana
MuU.S., kuongororwa kweBipolar disorder kunobva pane zvakagadziriswa izvo munhu anofanira kusangana kuti aonekwe se bipolar.
Bipolar I disorder, somuenzaniso, inorondedzerwa nezvinoitika zvechiitiko chimwe chete chinowanikwa mumunhu, kazhinji mukubatana neimwe kana zvimwe zvinodzvinyirira zvikamu . Nhungamiro imwechete inoratidza kuti chimwe chiitiko chemania chisina kuora mwoyo chinogona kukwana kuti chiongororwe chero bedzi pasina zvimwe zvinokonzera zviratidzo (kusanganisira zvinodhaka, systemic zvirwere, neurological disorders, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa).
Sezvo zvakadaro, kuongororwa kweBipolar disorder ndiyo imwe yekubatanidza (kureva kuti munhu anofanira kusangana nemimwe mitemo) uye kuregererwa kumwe (kureva kuti tinofanira kurega zvimwe zvimwe zvinokonzera tisati taita tsanangudzo yekujekesa). Maererano nevamwe vari munharaunda yezvokurapa, vanachiremba vari kuwedzera mungozi yekusawirirana mune zvose izvi.
Zvimwe Zvinokonzera Kuwedzera Kunetseka
Muna 2013, vatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeTexas Health Science Center muHouston vakaita sarudzo inotsvaga yezvidzidzo zvinomwe zvakakura zvichiongorora maitiro ekuwedzera kurapwa kweBipolar disorders, zvikurukuru mune kunze kwevanhu.
Kunyange zvazvo mitengo yakasiyana-siyana kubva pane imwe yedzidzo kusvika kune inotevera-nevamwe vakaderera se4,8 muzana uye vamwe vakakwirira se 67%-shanu huru dzemazamu pakupedzisira dzakabatana imwe neimwe yezvidzidzo:
- Kushayikwa kwechipatara kuchiitiko mukurapa chirwere cheBipolar kwakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwenhema hunofungidzirwa.
- Vashandi vari munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvinodhaka vakanga vachikurumidzira kuongorora bipolar disorder muvatengi vavo.
- Bipolar disorder yakanyanya kuongororwa mune vana vakanga vasina zvishoma zvezvinoratidzira zviratidzo zvechirwere (mafungiro akachinja, kufara, kufarira mafungiro, hutano hwehupombwe, ndege dzepfungwa, kuderedza kudiwa kwekurara) kana nhoroondo yakasimba yemhuri.
- Kukanganisa kwakaonekwa muongororano yekutsvaga yakabudiswa neAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) iyo yakawanda yemitemo inoshandiswa kuratidza mania uye hypomania haisi yakananga uye yakazarurirwa kududzirwa yakazara. Saizvozvowo, iyo APA inosanganisira vanhu vane kuora mwoyo asi hapana nhoroondo ye mania (tsanangudzo yakatanga kubudiswa kuti idzivirire underdiagnosis) yakatsoropodzwa seyo kunyanya kudaro.
- Kutanga kwe "bipolar spectrum," pfungwa inowanzogamuchirwa mumakore achangopfuura, inobvumira kunyanya kushanduka pakuongorora . Inotarisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti vanhu vane maitiro ezvinyorwa zvebipolarity vanogona kuve ne "soft" maitiro echirwere kana asingasviki nemitemo yekodzero yekubatanidzwa.
Kuona Kurasikirwa muVakuru nevana
Maererano nekutsvakurudza kweYunivhesiti yeTexas, zvinokonzerwa nekliniki isina ruzivo, pamwe nekududzirwa kwakadzama kwemazano eAAA, kwakatungamirira kumazinga akakwirira ekuwedzeresa ruzivo mune vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuva bipolar. Chimwe chidzidzo chakabatanidzwa munyaya iyi chakaratidza kuti 37 muzana vehutano hwehutano hwehutano vasina ruzivo rwekuita bipolarity rwakabudisa chisina kunaka chekucherechedza zvakanaka.
Kunyange zvazvo zvingava nyore kuvhara mhosva pamusana pekushaya zivo, chokwadi chiri pachena ndechokuti nzira yekuongorora inoshandiswa nevarapi inowanzonyanya kuzviremekedza uye inowanzoshandiswa kusanzwisiswa.
Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuvana (uye kunyange vana vepachikoro) avo vari kuwedzera kuve nehana ye bipolar therapy. Vakawanda vanopikisa kuti izvo zvinoreva bipolarity hazvinyatsorondedzereri muvana uye kuti, kusiyana nemiganhu yehutano hwehutano , pane humwe uchapupu hunotsigira zvirevo zvokuti hwakabva mumucheche. Vazhinji, chaizvoizvo, vanogona kutaura kuti inonyanya kuwanikwa muvana.
Pasinei neizvi, kuchinja kwezvino munguva yekutsanangurwa kwemania kuvana iye zvino kunobvumira bipolar kuongorora apo, munguva yakapfuura, maitiro angave akave akafanirwa kuAdHD , chirwere chekudzidza, kana kunyange hutano hwemwana.
Vamwe vakaratidza kuti hazvisi dambudziko rekusaziva. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vabereki, vadzidzisi, uye vanachiremba vachabvumirana neBipolar diagnosis sechinotsanangurwa chinonakidza chekuita kwechinetso chemwana. Nenzira iyi, chero manzwiro kana nyaya dzekuita zvinonzwisisika kuva nemuviri kana maitiro eurologic ayo maitiro akarongwa anogona kurongerwa.
(Yaiva muenzaniso wakaratidzwa mukudarika kweRitalin kuvana vakawanikwa vane ADHD mumavambo e2000.)
Bipolar Spectrum Inopesana Kurwisana, Mharo
Zvimwe zvinotendwa zvinogona kukonzera kunyanya kuongororwa kwebipolarity kuvanhu vakuru. Isu tave tichiona izvi kuwanda kwebipolar spectrum classification, iyo inotibvumira kuisa kukanganisika kwekudzivirira, kushushikana kwehutano, kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, uye mamwe maitiro ekushandisa zvinodhaka pasi pechimwechete bipolar umbrella.
Vatsoropodzi vechirongwa vanoti:
- Bipolar spectrum haigoni kunzwisiswa zvakajeka zvebipolarity.
- Icho chinopisa mitsetse pakati pekusiyana kwehutano hunoonekwa, zvichiita kuti zvishoma kudarika kuongororwa kuve nekuvimbika.
- Kuzivikanwa kwechirevo kunogona kutungamirira ku "kuongororwa," izwi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera chiitiko apo vanachiremba vanotanga kuona kuora mwoyo kwese kwese.
- Bipolar spectrum diagnosis inogona kutungamirira varwere uye vanachiremba kutsvaga kurapa kunotyisa kune zviratidzo zvinogona kana kuti hazvingavi nechokuita nehupipolar disease.
Vatsigiri, panguva iyo, vanoti nharo yacho inopa hutano hunoshandiswa kuziva kuti chii chinokonzera kushambadzira kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana munhu angazviona pane kutarisa kune imwe kana kuisa rimwe nerimwe sehutano hwemunhu mumwe nomumwe.
Kusakwanisa Kuvhara Zvimwe Zvinokonzera
Chimwe chezvinhu zvekujekesa bipolar diagnosis ndeyekuregererwa kwezvimwe zvose zvinokonzera manic kana kuora mwoyo. Izvi zvinoreva kutonga kunze kwechipi nechipi chinogona kunge chakafanana nechinangwa chebipolar disorder, kusanganisira:
- Kushungurudzika kweuropi, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, encephalitis, chirwere chepfungwa, kana kuora kwehupombwe
- Mishonga yakafanana neorticticosteroids, yakatemwa zvinosimudzira, uye levodopa (inoshandiswa muPaleston's disease) inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvevanhu .
- Matambudziko emagetsi anonzi Cushing's, hyperthyroidism, kushaya vitamin B12, uye dialysis zvinogona kuita kuti munhu ave netsika
- Schizophrenia , iyo inogona kufanana neBipolar mania mumatanho akaoma
- Kushandisa zvinodhaka, zvikurukuru cocaine, ecstasy , kana amphetamines inogona kuva nemararamiro akafanana nemarita
Kuti usabvisa zvikonzero izvi, kunyanya kune vanhu vane zviratidzo zvitsva uye zvakajeka, vanachiremba vaizoita bhati rekuongorora vasati vapa kuongorora. Vanogona kusanganisira mishonga yezvinodhaka, maitiro ekufungidzira (CT scan, ultrasound), electroencephalogram (EEG), uye kuongororwa kuongorora ropa.
Zvinosuruvarisa, muzviitiko zvizhinji, izvi hazvina kuitwa, kunyange munzvimbo dzakatarisana nehutachiona hwekusaziva. Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakaongororwa neYunivhesiti yeTexas vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti iyo inenge hafu (42,9 muzana) yevanhu vanotsvaka kurapwa panzvimbo dzekushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kuongororwa kuti vane bipolar disorder.
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti pane kuwanda kwekushandisa zvinodhaka kune vanhu vane bipolar disorder, kuongororwa kunowanzoitwa chete mushure mokunge zviratidzo zvechirwere zviratidzo zvakanyatsoparara (izvo zvinogona kutora kupi kwemazuva manomwe kusvika ku14, kana kunyange kwenguva refu). Kazhinji kacho, bipolar inotanga kutangira zvakanaka zvisati zvaitika.
Pasina kuongororwa kwakadaro, mikana yekusaziva uye kushungurudzwa yakakwirira. Chimwe chidzidzo chakabudiswa muna 2010 chakaratidza kuti, vevanhu 528 vakagamuchira Social Disability disability ye bipolar disorder, chete 47.6 muzana yakawana nzira yekuongorora.
> Sources:
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> Ghouse, A .; Saniki, M .; Zunta-Soares, G ;; et al. "Kuongororwa kwepfungwa yeBipolar Disorder: A Critical Analysis of Literature." Scientific World Journal. 2013 (2013); Chinyorwa ID 297087.
> Merikangas, K .; Jin, R .; Iye, JP ;; et al. "Kuwanda uye Correlates yeBipolar Spectrum Disorder mu World Mental Health Survey Initiative . " Archives of General Psychiatry. 2011; 68 (3): 241-251.
> Miller, S .; Dell'Osso, B ;; uye Ketter, T. "Kuwandisa uye mutoro wepipolar depress." Zvinyorwa zveAffective Disorders. 2014; 169 (S1): S3-S11.
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